基于B/S模式的网络考试系统设计与实现
摘要
教育的改革，不仅仅是教育思想的更新和进步，也是教育技术和手段的改进和提高。在各种教育机构的教学过程中，考试都是一个重要的环节，考试工作的好坏直接关系着教学的成绩。传统的考试，长期以来都是以纸和笔为工具，工作效率低、纸张浪费大；因此，考试方式的改革已迫在眉睫。
当今各项技术突飞猛进，尤以计算机技术的发展最为突出。在这种双重因素的作用下，以计算机技术为主的无纸化考试应运而生。所谓无纸化考试也就是利用计算机及相关技术，通过建立庞大的试题库、智能组卷、机上考试、自动阅卷等工作，取代传统的基于纸和笔的考试方式；主要优势体现在：出题方便快捷、阅卷准确快速、成绩分析科学直观。
本文作者主持设计的考试系统综合运用了当今流行的Web技术：HTML、ASP、COM、ActiveX及安全技术等，开发出一套：由Web Server统一进行管理和发送，用户通过Web浏览器以HTTP协议向Server发出请求，并接收和显示Server提供的Web信息的基于B／S模式的考试系统。系统能够实现在线组卷、考试、阅卷等工作，并专门设计了为解决主观类型试题考试的人工交互阅卷系统。考虑到整个考试系统的安全，本文还给出了较为全面的安全措施。
文章首先介绍考试系统的现状以及发展方向，主要根据学校对考试系统的实际要求，提出了基于B／S模式的考试系统方案，并进一步分析、讨论实现的可行性；在此基础上，给出了设计和实现的解决方法，在安全性方面也给出了全面保障的策略及具体解决措施；在总结中，通过系统初步使用结果的比较，得出了采用本系统后，大幅提升了考试工作的效率。
With the rejuvenation of educational modes of thought and the development of science and technology, the shortcomings of the traditional examinations are completely exposed. The design, the organization, the printing, the distribution, the process and evaluating of the test take a lot of labors and materials, which shows people's lower working efficiency and strong subjective inclination of the test.
In such cases, the computerized test system emerges as the times demand. It will take the place of the traditional test by making use of the computer to manage and possess the item bank, organize the contents and evaluate the test paper. It is characterized in its convenience and fastness in setting a test paper, its speed and accuracy in evaluating the paper and its scientific analysis of the test paper. It is easier for teachers to set a test paper by the item bank system, and it will save a lot of labors in evaluating the test paper. It will greatly improve the accuracy in evaluation. The statistical analysis will be performed automatically by the computer, which will be convenient for students to inquiry about, print, count and analyze their marks.
Many up-to-date technologies have been employed in this system, such as HTML, ASP, component, COM and Active X. The whole system will be managed and sent by Web Server in a unified way. The user can apply to the Server in HTTP agreement with the explorer and receive and display the web information provided by Server. The system can organize the test paper, give the examination and evaluate the test paper on line. It can also analyze the grades, inquiry about the grades and the information of the candidates and maintain the system.
This paper first introduces the present situation of the ways of testing and its development, and on the requirements of all kinds of tests, this paper puts forward the general test system based on Web and further analyzes and discusses its possibility of realization, its reliability, its efficiency and ways of realization. Further more, this paper puts forward some ideas to improve and perfect the system and its operating security. At last ,through the application of this testing system, this paper comes to the conclusion that ti will improve the working efficiency greatly.
当今各项技术突飞猛进，尤以计算机技术的发展最为突出。在这种双重因素的作用下，以计算机技术为主的无纸化考试应运而生。所谓无纸化考试也就是利用计算机及相关技术，通过建立庞大的试题库、智能组卷、机上考试、自动阅卷等工作，取代传统的基于纸和笔的考试方式；主要优势体现在：出题方便快捷、阅卷准确快速、成绩分析科学直观。
本文作者主持设计的考试系统综合运用了当今流行的Web技术：HTML、ASP、COM、ActiveX及安全技术等，开发出一套：由Web Server统一进行管理和发送，用户通过Web浏览器以HTTP协议向Server发出请求，并接收和显示Server提供的Web信息的基于B／S模式的考试系统。系统能够实现在线组卷、考试、阅卷等工作，并专门设计了为解决主观类型试题考试的人工交互阅卷系统。考虑到整个考试系统的安全，本文还给出了较为全面的安全措施。
文章首先介绍考试系统的现状以及发展方向，主要根据学校对考试系统的实际要求，提出了基于B／S模式的考试系统方案，并进一步分析、讨论实现的可行性；在此基础上，给出了设计和实现的解决方法，在安全性方面也给出了全面保障的策略及具体解决措施；在总结中，通过系统初步使用结果的比较，得出了采用本系统后，大幅提升了考试工作的效率。
With the rejuvenation of educational modes of thought and the development of science and technology, the shortcomings of the traditional examinations are completely exposed. The design, the organization, the printing, the distribution, the process and evaluating of the test take a lot of labors and materials, which shows people's lower working efficiency and strong subjective inclination of the test.
In such cases, the computerized test system emerges as the times demand. It will take the place of the traditional test by making use of the computer to manage and possess the item bank, organize the contents and evaluate the test paper. It is characterized in its convenience and fastness in setting a test paper, its speed and accuracy in evaluating the paper and its scientific analysis of the test paper. It is easier for teachers to set a test paper by the item bank system, and it will save a lot of labors in evaluating the test paper. It will greatly improve the accuracy in evaluation. The statistical analysis will be performed automatically by the computer, which will be convenient for students to inquiry about, print, count and analyze their marks.
Many up-to-date technologies have been employed in this system, such as HTML, ASP, component, COM and Active X. The whole system will be managed and sent by Web Server in a unified way. The user can apply to the Server in HTTP agreement with the explorer and receive and display the web information provided by Server. The system can organize the test paper, give the examination and evaluate the test paper on line. It can also analyze the grades, inquiry about the grades and the information of the candidates and maintain the system.
This paper first introduces the present situation of the ways of testing and its development, and on the requirements of all kinds of tests, this paper puts forward the general test system based on Web and further analyzes and discusses its possibility of realization, its reliability, its efficiency and ways of realization. Further more, this paper puts forward some ideas to improve and perfect the system and its operating security. At last ,through the application of this testing system, this paper comes to the conclusion that ti will improve the working efficiency greatly.
引文
[1] 李振银等．网络管理与维护[m]．中国铁道出版社．2004．3
[2] 曾家智等．计算机网络[m]．电子科技大学出版社．，2002．4
[3] 石志国．ASP动态网站编程[m]．北京：清华大学出版社．2001．
[4] 砖志渊．动态WEB网页技术大全[m]．北京：清华大学出版社．1999．
[5] 章小莉等译．SQL完全手册(第二版)[m]．电子工业出版社．2003．6
[6] System Analysis and Design Methods[m] Jeffrey L. Whitten. Lonnie D. Bentley and Kevin C. Dittman 2000.1
[7] 戴宗坤．罗万伯等．信息系统安全[m]．北京：电子工业出版社．2002
[8] 陈峰棋等．ASP与SQL网站数据库程序设计[m]．科学出版社．2002．1
[9] 邓文渊等．ASP与网页数据库设计[m]．中国铁道出版社．2001．2
[10]．赵敏．高建良．基于公钥密码体制的网络考试系统安全模型研究[j]计算机应用．2005．12
[11] 编写委员会．数据库应用与开发[m]．北京：电子工业出版社．2002．
[12] 李刚．SQL server 2000开发实例精解[m]希望电子出版社
[13] 谭汉松．基于局域网的通用考试系统的设计与开发[j]．中南工业大学学报．VOL．31．NO．4 2000．8
[14] V Tandon. NC End Milling Opimization Using Evolutionary Computation. Internatianal Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2001, (42): 595-605
[15] 许长枫．电子政务安全建设中的访问控制研究[j]．计算机应用 2003．7
[16] 刘云生．陈世俊．高校校园网PKI的设计[j]．计算机应用．2004．7
[17] 王明宝，洪力奋，陈凯明等．基于Web的智能组卷的研究与应用[j]计算机应用．2003．8
[18] 李清宝．张平．基于分布／共享内存层次结构的并行程序设计[j]．计算机应用．2003．6
[19] 吕述望．杜庆灵．无条件安全的动态密钥分配系统与设计[j]．计算机应用．2004．5
[20] Security in a Web Services World: A proposed Architecture and Roadmap. Http://WWW-106.ibm.com/deve loperworrks/webservices/library/ws-seemap/,2002-04-01
[21] 毕四军．教学网的安全管理和维护[j]．计算机应用．2002．3
[22] 金芝译．需求分析与系统设计[m]．机械工业出版社．2003．6
[23] 张一平．李乐．SQL server 2000用户手册[m]．微软授权：希望电子出版社．2002
[24] 砖志渊．动态WEB网页技术大全[m]．北京：清华大学出版社．1999．
[25] 孙兆林．齐占杰．李海龙．新编SQL Server 2000图解教程[m]．北京：北京希望电子出版社．2001．
[26] Soft Ware Engineering: Theory and Practice shari Lawrece Pfeeger[m]2002.9
[27] Management Information system: organization and Technology in the networked Enterprise [m] Kenneth C. Laudon. Jane P. Laudon 2002. 4
[28] 吴锦林．吴清锋 分布式计算机应用水平考试系统的设计与实现[j]计算机工程与实现 2003年3期
[29] Database: principles programming and performance [m]. Patrick oneil Elizageth oneil 2000
[30] 袁连海等．SQL Server 2000应用开发实例教程[m]．2002．1
[31] 罗运模等．完全掌握SQL server 2000[m]．人民邮电出版社．2001．6
[32] 陈志泊等．数据库原理及应用教程[m]．人民邮电出版社．2003．7
[33] J Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. USA: MIT Press, 1992, 6-24
[34] 吴锦林．吴清锋 分布式计算机应用水平考试系统的设计与实现[j]计算机工程与实现 2003年3期
[35] Mei H, Chen F, Feng YD, etal. ABC: An architecture based component oriented approach to software development. Journal of Software, 2003, 14(4): 721-732
[2] 曾家智等．计算机网络[m]．电子科技大学出版社．，2002．4
[3] 石志国．ASP动态网站编程[m]．北京：清华大学出版社．2001．
[4] 砖志渊．动态WEB网页技术大全[m]．北京：清华大学出版社．1999．
[5] 章小莉等译．SQL完全手册(第二版)[m]．电子工业出版社．2003．6
[6] System Analysis and Design Methods[m] Jeffrey L. Whitten. Lonnie D. Bentley and Kevin C. Dittman 2000.1
[7] 戴宗坤．罗万伯等．信息系统安全[m]．北京：电子工业出版社．2002
[8] 陈峰棋等．ASP与SQL网站数据库程序设计[m]．科学出版社．2002．1
[9] 邓文渊等．ASP与网页数据库设计[m]．中国铁道出版社．2001．2
[10]．赵敏．高建良．基于公钥密码体制的网络考试系统安全模型研究[j]计算机应用．2005．12
[11] 编写委员会．数据库应用与开发[m]．北京：电子工业出版社．2002．
[12] 李刚．SQL server 2000开发实例精解[m]希望电子出版社
[13] 谭汉松．基于局域网的通用考试系统的设计与开发[j]．中南工业大学学报．VOL．31．NO．4 2000．8
[14] V Tandon. NC End Milling Opimization Using Evolutionary Computation. Internatianal Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2001, (42): 595-605
[15] 许长枫．电子政务安全建设中的访问控制研究[j]．计算机应用 2003．7
[16] 刘云生．陈世俊．高校校园网PKI的设计[j]．计算机应用．2004．7
[17] 王明宝，洪力奋，陈凯明等．基于Web的智能组卷的研究与应用[j]计算机应用．2003．8
[18] 李清宝．张平．基于分布／共享内存层次结构的并行程序设计[j]．计算机应用．2003．6
[19] 吕述望．杜庆灵．无条件安全的动态密钥分配系统与设计[j]．计算机应用．2004．5
[20] Security in a Web Services World: A proposed Architecture and Roadmap. Http://WWW-106.ibm.com/deve loperworrks/webservices/library/ws-seemap/,2002-04-01
[21] 毕四军．教学网的安全管理和维护[j]．计算机应用．2002．3
[22] 金芝译．需求分析与系统设计[m]．机械工业出版社．2003．6
[23] 张一平．李乐．SQL server 2000用户手册[m]．微软授权：希望电子出版社．2002
[24] 砖志渊．动态WEB网页技术大全[m]．北京：清华大学出版社．1999．
[25] 孙兆林．齐占杰．李海龙．新编SQL Server 2000图解教程[m]．北京：北京希望电子出版社．2001．
[26] Soft Ware Engineering: Theory and Practice shari Lawrece Pfeeger[m]2002.9
[27] Management Information system: organization and Technology in the networked Enterprise [m] Kenneth C. Laudon. Jane P. Laudon 2002. 4
[28] 吴锦林．吴清锋 分布式计算机应用水平考试系统的设计与实现[j]计算机工程与实现 2003年3期
[29] Database: principles programming and performance [m]. Patrick oneil Elizageth oneil 2000
[30] 袁连海等．SQL Server 2000应用开发实例教程[m]．2002．1
[31] 罗运模等．完全掌握SQL server 2000[m]．人民邮电出版社．2001．6
[32] 陈志泊等．数据库原理及应用教程[m]．人民邮电出版社．2003．7
[33] J Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. USA: MIT Press, 1992, 6-24
[34] 吴锦林．吴清锋 分布式计算机应用水平考试系统的设计与实现[j]计算机工程与实现 2003年3期
[35] Mei H, Chen F, Feng YD, etal. ABC: An architecture based component oriented approach to software development. Journal of Software, 2003, 14(4): 721-732