新型中红外空芯光纤的制备及其性能和应用研究
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摘要
本文首先回顾了红外传能光纤的发展史，尤其是对用于传输波长10.6μm的CO_2激光空芯氧化物介质光纤的探索与发展现状进行了论述。从理论上分析了衰减全反射(ATR)光纤在中红外波段折射率n_r<1的特征，通过射线理论和光纤理论阐述Ge/GeO_2双层介质膜空芯光纤的传输机理，运用光子带隙理论设计并制备出微结构空气孔为包层的Ge/GeO_2双层介质膜空芯光纤，改进了MCVD与拉丝一体化的工艺及设备，发展了相应的制备技术，并针对其在医疗诊断和工艺加工等方面进行了应用研究。
从理论上分析了氧化物材料在中红外波段n_r<1的特征，利用K-K关系，并通过实验测出材料正入射反射谱，由此计算出在反常色散区的复折射率n+ik。应用光子晶体的带隙理论，设计并制备出具有光子带隙效应和nr <1机理的带有光子晶体光纤结构的空芯传能光纤。
采用改进的化学气相沉积(MCVD)方法与拉制一体化技术进一步制备出纯GeO_2膜的空芯光纤，通过氧化还原反应，将部份多晶态GeO_2介质膜还原成富Ge层，由此成功地制备出以超微结构的多晶态GeO_2为基的双层介质膜空芯传能光纤，同时进行了多种状态下的损耗测试。采用紫外光(UV)固化法在空芯传能光纤的外表面涂覆硅胶，以加强光纤的机械强度和柔软性。另外，本论文还采用Auastar360FTIR红外光谱仪以及KYKY-2800型扫描电镜等设备对制备的光纤样品进行了性能检测和实验分析。实验结果表明：用改进的MCVD与拉丝一体化设备拉制中红外传能光纤具有非常好的光学特性。
提出测量传输CO_2激光能量光纤的能量分布的新实验方案，首次使用针孔扫描法、热敏直接曝光法。通过实验比较，得到了热敏直接曝光法效果较好，并根据光斑的照射时间绘制出了光纤输出光模式的变化。本论文还对具有自主知识产权的光纤双透镜、三透镜聚焦系统进行了设计，并通过实验研究了由不同透镜组成的光学系统对光束聚焦及缩束作用的影响。
将已制备的新型结构的中红外传输CO_2激光能量光纤用于医疗临床开展实验。通过研制“带光纤的CO_2激光治疗机”应用于腹腔手术说明了光纤所具有的独特优势，也为腹腔镜进入人体进行微创手术提供了前期准备。同时，还利用自主研制的新型中红外光纤配合医学红外光谱仪在生物体表进行检测，经光谱检测分析，该光纤可传输波长为3~12μm，并且中间没有出现大的吸收峰，完全达到了临床使用的要求。
In this paper, the development history of infrared fiber was reviewed. A lot ofresearch works and a great deal of achievement on the hollow-core fibers with dioxidedielectric layers used in transmission of high-power CO_2laser with the lasing wavelengthof10.6μm were discussed. The characteristic of the ATR fiber with n<1in themid-infrared region was analyzed based on theory. The mechanism of Ge/GeO_2doubledielectric layers hollow-core fiber was discussed through the theories of ray path andwaveguide. The hollow-core micro-structure fibers were designed and drawed based onthe the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) method. The integration processof MCVD and the preparation of the fiber were improved. Moreover，the experimentalresearch on applications in medical diagnosis is carried out.
Based on the characterize in mid-infrared region of oxide material (nr <1) thecomplex refractive index (n+ik) was derivated from the calculation procedure on thecomplex refractive index in abnormal dispersion_region that was calculated based on thereflectance spectrum under the addition of normal incidence in material.The hollow-coretransimission energy fiber with photonic bandgap effect and the micro-structure likingphotonic crystal fiber which thenr <1，was designed and fabricated.
The hollow-core fiber with the pure GeO_2film was fabricated by the integrationprocess of MCVD and the preparation of the fiber. The part of multi-crystalline GeO_2dielectric layer was reduced to rich Ge layer by oxidation-reduction_reactions. Thedouble dielectric layer hollow-core fiber with ultr-microstructure multi-crystalline GeO_2was fabricated. The losses of the fiber were tested under the different state. The outsurface of the hollow-core fiber was coated with silica gel to protect fiber. In addition, theperformance test and experimental analysis of the optical fiber samples were carried byinfrared spectrometer (Auastar360FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(KYKY-2800). Based on the experiment results, the integration equipment of MCVD anddrawing using for the fabrication of the mid-infrared fiber was successful.
The experiment measure scheme of the energy distribution in optical fiber for CO_2 laser energy transmission was proposed. In the experiment, the pinhole scanning methodand direct thermal exposure method were used. Moreover, comparing the pinholescanning method, the direct thermal exposure method is proved much better in theexperiment. The relations between the irradiation time of the spot and the change ofoutput light mode were obtained. The optical fiber double lens and three lens focusedsystem with independent intellectual property rights were designed. In addition, the effectof the optical lens systems with different compositions on beam focus is experimentalresearched.
The optical fiber with the innovation structure for CO_2laser energy transmission isfabricated and used for medical clinical. Many medical clinical experiments are carriedout. The optical fiber are proved the function of cutting fast and good hemostatic effectthrough animal laparoscopic surgery, which provide the fundamental experiment forentering human body laparoscopic to carry minimally invasive surgery. The spectraltesting of the fiber was implemented by combining the infrared fiber fabricated by ourlaboratory and medical infrared spectrometer. The results found that the transmissionwavelength of the fiber is3-12μm, and the large absorption peaks was not appear in thisregion, which the requirements of clinical application are well met.
从理论上分析了氧化物材料在中红外波段n_r<1的特征，利用K-K关系，并通过实验测出材料正入射反射谱，由此计算出在反常色散区的复折射率n+ik。应用光子晶体的带隙理论，设计并制备出具有光子带隙效应和nr <1机理的带有光子晶体光纤结构的空芯传能光纤。
采用改进的化学气相沉积(MCVD)方法与拉制一体化技术进一步制备出纯GeO_2膜的空芯光纤，通过氧化还原反应，将部份多晶态GeO_2介质膜还原成富Ge层，由此成功地制备出以超微结构的多晶态GeO_2为基的双层介质膜空芯传能光纤，同时进行了多种状态下的损耗测试。采用紫外光(UV)固化法在空芯传能光纤的外表面涂覆硅胶，以加强光纤的机械强度和柔软性。另外，本论文还采用Auastar360FTIR红外光谱仪以及KYKY-2800型扫描电镜等设备对制备的光纤样品进行了性能检测和实验分析。实验结果表明：用改进的MCVD与拉丝一体化设备拉制中红外传能光纤具有非常好的光学特性。
提出测量传输CO_2激光能量光纤的能量分布的新实验方案，首次使用针孔扫描法、热敏直接曝光法。通过实验比较，得到了热敏直接曝光法效果较好，并根据光斑的照射时间绘制出了光纤输出光模式的变化。本论文还对具有自主知识产权的光纤双透镜、三透镜聚焦系统进行了设计，并通过实验研究了由不同透镜组成的光学系统对光束聚焦及缩束作用的影响。
将已制备的新型结构的中红外传输CO_2激光能量光纤用于医疗临床开展实验。通过研制“带光纤的CO_2激光治疗机”应用于腹腔手术说明了光纤所具有的独特优势，也为腹腔镜进入人体进行微创手术提供了前期准备。同时，还利用自主研制的新型中红外光纤配合医学红外光谱仪在生物体表进行检测，经光谱检测分析，该光纤可传输波长为3~12μm，并且中间没有出现大的吸收峰，完全达到了临床使用的要求。
In this paper, the development history of infrared fiber was reviewed. A lot ofresearch works and a great deal of achievement on the hollow-core fibers with dioxidedielectric layers used in transmission of high-power CO_2laser with the lasing wavelengthof10.6μm were discussed. The characteristic of the ATR fiber with n<1in themid-infrared region was analyzed based on theory. The mechanism of Ge/GeO_2doubledielectric layers hollow-core fiber was discussed through the theories of ray path andwaveguide. The hollow-core micro-structure fibers were designed and drawed based onthe the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) method. The integration processof MCVD and the preparation of the fiber were improved. Moreover，the experimentalresearch on applications in medical diagnosis is carried out.
Based on the characterize in mid-infrared region of oxide material (nr <1) thecomplex refractive index (n+ik) was derivated from the calculation procedure on thecomplex refractive index in abnormal dispersion_region that was calculated based on thereflectance spectrum under the addition of normal incidence in material.The hollow-coretransimission energy fiber with photonic bandgap effect and the micro-structure likingphotonic crystal fiber which thenr <1，was designed and fabricated.
The hollow-core fiber with the pure GeO_2film was fabricated by the integrationprocess of MCVD and the preparation of the fiber. The part of multi-crystalline GeO_2dielectric layer was reduced to rich Ge layer by oxidation-reduction_reactions. Thedouble dielectric layer hollow-core fiber with ultr-microstructure multi-crystalline GeO_2was fabricated. The losses of the fiber were tested under the different state. The outsurface of the hollow-core fiber was coated with silica gel to protect fiber. In addition, theperformance test and experimental analysis of the optical fiber samples were carried byinfrared spectrometer (Auastar360FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(KYKY-2800). Based on the experiment results, the integration equipment of MCVD anddrawing using for the fabrication of the mid-infrared fiber was successful.
The experiment measure scheme of the energy distribution in optical fiber for CO_2 laser energy transmission was proposed. In the experiment, the pinhole scanning methodand direct thermal exposure method were used. Moreover, comparing the pinholescanning method, the direct thermal exposure method is proved much better in theexperiment. The relations between the irradiation time of the spot and the change ofoutput light mode were obtained. The optical fiber double lens and three lens focusedsystem with independent intellectual property rights were designed. In addition, the effectof the optical lens systems with different compositions on beam focus is experimentalresearched.
The optical fiber with the innovation structure for CO_2laser energy transmission isfabricated and used for medical clinical. Many medical clinical experiments are carriedout. The optical fiber are proved the function of cutting fast and good hemostatic effectthrough animal laparoscopic surgery, which provide the fundamental experiment forentering human body laparoscopic to carry minimally invasive surgery. The spectraltesting of the fiber was implemented by combining the infrared fiber fabricated by ourlaboratory and medical infrared spectrometer. The results found that the transmissionwavelength of the fiber is3-12μm, and the large absorption peaks was not appear in thisregion, which the requirements of clinical application are well met.
引文
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