基于暂态能量函数法的电力系统安全性评估
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摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展及人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对电力的需求越来越多,对供电可靠性的要求越来越高。电力系统的在线安全性评估作为预防和控制系统失稳的有效方法成为研究的重点。电力系统安全性评估的目的是要保障系统能够在任何可识别的故障下安全持续稳定运行,其任务是从系统角度评估所有可能引起系统失稳的运行方式和故障模式,计算为维持系统稳定可能造成的切负荷。本文采用暂态能量裕度灵敏度分析法来计算系统运行极限条件,以接口流作为灵敏度的参变量,建立暂态能量裕度对接口流的灵敏度,并利用潮流分配因子技术,快速导出接口流极限,从而计算出系统不稳定状态下的动态切负荷量。建立系统暂态稳定分析模型,运用蒙特卡洛法对测试系统进行故障抽样,并用暂态能量函数法对具体故障事件进行暂态稳定分析,分析测试系统在不同故障类型和不同故障地点的失稳概率和系统运行状况等指标,形成完整的电力系统安全性评估指标。
算例采用了10机39节点测试系统,对该系统特定故障下的概率稳定性进行了分析,并计算了失稳状态的动态切负荷量,完成了系统安全性评估。算例结果证实了暂态能量裕度灵敏度法和蒙特卡洛法在电力系统安全性评估中的有效性和合理性,同时也显示了该方法在动态安全性评估中的应用价值。
With the economic development of our country and the improvement of daily life, people demand more and more electric power as well as much higher reliability. To ensure the security operation of the power system, the power system security assessment is urgently demanded. The purpose of power system security assessment is to protect the system to operate continuously in safe and stable when any identify faults occurs. Its task is to assess the operating modes and faults modes which may cause the system unstable from the view of system and evaluate the load shedding amount which may lead the system stable. Transient energy margin sensitivity is used to calculate the limits of system operation conditions and the interface flow is used as a parametric variable. The transient energy margin sensitivity to the interface flow is established, and the power flow distribution factor is used to rapidly calculate the interface flow limit. Thus, the dynamic load shedding of the system in unstable state can be calculated. The power system transient stability assessment model is formed. Monte Carlo Method is used to sample the test system fault. Use the transient energy function to analyze the state of the system. Considering power system fault location, fault type and other statistical characteristics of random factors, the power system security assessment index is formed.
The example used in this paper is 10-machine 39-bus test system. The system dynamic load shedding amount is calculated under specific failures and the probabilistic stability of the system is analyzed. The system security assessment is achieved. The result of the example confirms the validity and rationality of the improved system safety assessment by using both transient energy margin sensitivity method and the Monte Carlo method. And it also shows that the combined method is practical and useful in power system security assessment.
算例采用了10机39节点测试系统,对该系统特定故障下的概率稳定性进行了分析,并计算了失稳状态的动态切负荷量,完成了系统安全性评估。算例结果证实了暂态能量裕度灵敏度法和蒙特卡洛法在电力系统安全性评估中的有效性和合理性,同时也显示了该方法在动态安全性评估中的应用价值。
With the economic development of our country and the improvement of daily life, people demand more and more electric power as well as much higher reliability. To ensure the security operation of the power system, the power system security assessment is urgently demanded. The purpose of power system security assessment is to protect the system to operate continuously in safe and stable when any identify faults occurs. Its task is to assess the operating modes and faults modes which may cause the system unstable from the view of system and evaluate the load shedding amount which may lead the system stable. Transient energy margin sensitivity is used to calculate the limits of system operation conditions and the interface flow is used as a parametric variable. The transient energy margin sensitivity to the interface flow is established, and the power flow distribution factor is used to rapidly calculate the interface flow limit. Thus, the dynamic load shedding of the system in unstable state can be calculated. The power system transient stability assessment model is formed. Monte Carlo Method is used to sample the test system fault. Use the transient energy function to analyze the state of the system. Considering power system fault location, fault type and other statistical characteristics of random factors, the power system security assessment index is formed.
The example used in this paper is 10-machine 39-bus test system. The system dynamic load shedding amount is calculated under specific failures and the probabilistic stability of the system is analyzed. The system security assessment is achieved. The result of the example confirms the validity and rationality of the improved system safety assessment by using both transient energy margin sensitivity method and the Monte Carlo method. And it also shows that the combined method is practical and useful in power system security assessment.
引文
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[2]鞠平,吴耕扬,李扬.电力系统概率稳定的基本定理及算法[J].中国电机工程学报, 1991, 11(6): 17-25
[3]鞠平,马大强.电力系统的概率稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化, 1990, 1(3): 18-23
[4] R. Billinton, P. R. S. Kuruganty. Probabilistic Assessment of Transient Stability in a Multimachine system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power System, 1981, V100(7): 3634-3641
[5]郭永基.电力系统可靠性分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003: 72-123
[6] P. M. Anderson, A. Bose. A Probabilistic Approach to Power System Stability Analysis[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1983, V102(8): 2430-2439
[7] A. A. Fouad, A. Ghafurian, K. Nodehi. Calculation of Generator-shedding Requirements of the B. C. Hydro Systems using Transient Energy Function[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1986, V1(2): 17-23
[8]王成山,余旭阳.基于能量函数的暂态稳定概率分析方法[J].电力系统自动化, 2003, 27(6): 5-9
[9]丁明,戴仁爬,刘亚成等.概率稳定性的蒙特卡洛仿真[J].清华大学学报, 1999, 39(3): 79-83
[10]甘德强,王锡凡,王小璐.电力系统暂态稳定性的分析[J].中国电力, 1994, 1(4): 32-35
[11]刘笙.电力系统暂态稳定分析的能量函数方法[J].电网技术, 1995, 19(2): 11-17
[12]廖浩辉,唐云.电力系统暂态稳定性的数学表述[J].非线性动力学学报, 2001, 8(4): 319-327
[13] Fang Dazhong, Chung T. S., Zhang Yao, et a1. Transient Stability Limit Conditions Analysis using a Corrected Transient Energy Function Approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(2): 804-810
[14] R. Billinton, K. Chu. Transient Stability in an Undergraduate Curriculum a Probabilistic Approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power systems, 1986, V1(4): 171-178
[15] Fang Dazhong, Song Wennan, Zhang Yao. A New Transient Energy Function[J]. Science In China, 2002, 45(4): 426-432
[16] Jianzhong Tong, Hsiaodong Chiang, Timothy P. Conneen. A Sensitivity Based BCU Method for Fast Derivation of Stability Limits in Electric Power Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1993, V8(4): 1418-1428
[17] E. Lerch, O. Ruhle. Dynamic Security Assessment to Protect Systems after Severe Fault Situations[A]. International Conference on Power System Technology[C], Chongqing, 2006: 1-6
[18] M. A. El-Kady , C. K. Tang, V. F. Carvalho, A. A. Fouad, V. Vittal. Dynamic Security Assessment Utilizing the Transient Energy Function Method. IEEETransactions on Power Systems, 1986, V1(3): 284-291
[19] M. A. Pai. Energy Function Analysis for Power system Stability[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989: 1-79
[20] G. T. Heydt. Computer Analysis Methods for Power Systems[M]. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986: 1-30
[21]苗峰显,郭志忠.灵敏度方法在电力系统分析与控制中的应用综述.继电器, 2007, 35(15): 72-76
[22] Mark J. Laufenberg, M. A. Pai. A New Approach to Dynamic Security Assessment Using Trajectory Sensitivities[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1998, V13(3): 953-958
[23] Zima M, Korba, Andersson G. Power Systems Voltage Emergency Control Approach Using Trajectory Sensitivities[C]. Control Applications, 2003, V1: 189-194
[24]李传栋,房大中.电力系统暂态稳定裕度灵敏度计算[J].天津大学学报, 2007, 40(9): 1013-1018
[25]徐珊,刘文颖,唐哲等.基于功率缺额灵敏度分析的切负荷算法[J].中国电力, 2009, 42(2): 9-12
[26]毕兆东,王建全,韩祯祥.基于数值积分法灵敏度的快速切负荷算法.电网技术, 2002, 26(8): 4-7
[27]郭永基.电力系统可靠性原理和应用上册[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1983: 72-123
[28]赵渊,徐妮耀,吴彬.大电力系统可靠性评估的蒙特卡洛仿真及概率密度估计[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 30(12): 16-20
[29]王超,徐政,高鹏等.大电网可靠性评估的指标体系探讨[J].电力系统及其自动化学报, 2007, 9(1): 42-47
[30]韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施[J].电网技术, 2004, 28(9): 1-6
[31]丁明,李生虎,吴红斌.电力系统概率充分性和概率稳定性的综合评估[J].中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(3): 20-25
[32]孙光辉,毕兆东,赵希才等.电力系统在线安全稳定评估及决策技术的研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2005, 29(17): 81-84
[33]刘明志,房大中,宋文南等.电力系统暂态稳定混合分析法的研究[J].电力系统及其自动化学报, 1999, 11(2): 7-12
[34]罗东,胡良焕,邢玉珍.电网评价指标体系研究[J].安徽电力, 2009, 26(3): 75-79
[35]娄奇鹤,郑广君,艾亮等.动态安全评估系统在北京电网调度系统中的应用[J].中国电力, 2008, 41(5): 46-49
[36]丁明,李生虎,吴红斌等.基于充分性和安全性的电力系统运行状态分析和量化评价[J].中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(4): 43-49
[37]卢锦玲,姬群星,朱永利.基于能量函数法的电网脆弱性评估[J].电网技术, 2008, 32(7): 30-34
[38]严宇,刘天琪.基于神经网络和模糊理论的电力系统动态安全评估[J].四川大学学报, 2004, 36(1): 106-110
[39]宋云亭,徐征雄,卜广全等.静动态安全性综合评估方法及其在宁夏电网的应用[J].中国电力, 2006, 39(3): 55-60
[40]程林,郭永基.暂态能量函数法用于可靠性安全性评估[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 41(3): 5-8
[41] Uros Kerin, Grega Bizjak, Edwin Lerch, et al. Dynamic Security Assessment using Time-Domain Simulator[A]. Power Systems Conference and Exposition[C]. Power System Operations, 2009: 1-6
[42] Yunping Chen, Qisheng Liu, Guanghua Yao. On-Line Dynamic Security Assessment and Transient Stability Control Using Dynamic Security[J]. Regions Method, 2009, V1(2): 656-660
[43] Kip Morison, Lei Wang, Prabha Kundur. Power System Security[J]. IEEE power & energy magazine, 2004, V5: 30-39
[44] E. M. Voumvoulakis, A. E. Gavoyiannis, N. D. Hatziargyriou. Decision trees for Dynamic Security Assessment and Load Shedding Scheme[A]. Power Engineering Society General Meeting[C]. Canada Montreal, 2006: 411-420
[45]余志文,郭志忠,王志伟等.分层切负荷的暂态能量函数分析[J].继电器, 2003, 31(6): 9-12
[46] M. R. Dadashzadeh, M. Sanaye-Pasand. Simulation and Investigation of Load Shedding Algorithms for a Real Network using Dynamic Modeling [A]. 39th Universities Power Engineering Conference[C]. Bristol UK, 2004, V2: 1111-1115
[47] L. A. Finley, T. R. Standish, R. C. Phillips. Optimizing System Performance through Dynamic Load Shed Scheduling[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1985, V104: 1286-1289
[48] Byongjun Lee, Hwachang Song, Sae-Hyuk Kwon, et al. A Study on Determination of Interface Flow Limits in the KEPCO System using Modified Continuation Power Flow[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2002, V17: 557-564.
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