强对流云体垂直剖面序列的构建与三维可视化方法研究
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摘要
在气象领域,伴随着气象雷达探测技术的不断发展,雷达获得的气象数据越来越丰富,数据量也越来越大,由人们直接理解这些数据变得越来越困难。加之强对流天气等灾害性天气严重地威胁着人们正常的生产和生活。结果,开发一种能够将大量的气象数据转换为让气象预报员能更直观、更清楚地了解大气信息,从而提高对强对流天气预报的准确性,降低灾害所造成的损失变得十分必要。本文利用VC6.0开发了一套雷达垂直剖面序列三维显示系统,并做了以下方面的研究工作。
1在雷达反射率图像上实现了给定任意剖切线的雷达垂直剖面图。
2在给定了区域坐标和最优剖切线坐标的情况下,通过计算该区域的所有剖切线,实现了该区域雷达垂直剖面序列。
3在完成雷达垂直剖面序列构建的基础上,利用OpenGL的纹理映射技术,用各个剖面建立了三维空间立体模型。
4实现了平移、旋转、缩放等人机交互功能的三维空间立体模型的动态显示系统。通过该系统能够帮助气象预报员全方位、多角度地分析和理解三维图像,进而提高预报的准确率。
本文所做的研究为今后的气象分析提供了新的辅助工具,并在一些方面得到了应用,达到了预期的效果,为气象预报事业做出了重要贡献。
In the meteorological field ,with the sustainable development of weather radar technology, the weather radar data become more and more rich, amounts of data become more and more large, it is more difficult directly for the people to understand these data visually ,in addition, severe convective and other disastrous weather have huge threat on people's normal production and life. Therefore, it becomes very necessary to develop an assistant tool to make weather forecasters more intuitive and better understanding the atmospheric state which is reflected by a large number of meteorological data . the accuracy of severe convective weather forecast will be improved and the losses caused by disasters will be reduced with the help of the tool,.
The 3-D display system of Radar vertical profiles sequence in this paper is developed by VC6.0 and some research work do as follows:
1 We structure the radar vertical profiles by any cutting liner in reflectivity images.
2 As coordinates of region and optimal cutting line is given, we structure the Radar vertical profiles sequence by calculating all the cutting lines in the region.
3 We built three-dimensional stereo model with each profiles based on the construction of radar vertical profile sequence by OpenGL texture mapping,
4 We develop a three-dimensional dynamic display system ,which has Human–Machine Interaction function such as scaling ,rotating ,movement. The system can help weather forecasters all-round, multi-angle analysis and understand three-dimensional images, and then improve the accuracy of weather forecasts.
In this dissertation, the research work develop a new assistant tool for weather forecast and has been applied in some areas, it has achieved the expected results and made important contributions for the weather forecast.
1在雷达反射率图像上实现了给定任意剖切线的雷达垂直剖面图。
2在给定了区域坐标和最优剖切线坐标的情况下,通过计算该区域的所有剖切线,实现了该区域雷达垂直剖面序列。
3在完成雷达垂直剖面序列构建的基础上,利用OpenGL的纹理映射技术,用各个剖面建立了三维空间立体模型。
4实现了平移、旋转、缩放等人机交互功能的三维空间立体模型的动态显示系统。通过该系统能够帮助气象预报员全方位、多角度地分析和理解三维图像,进而提高预报的准确率。
本文所做的研究为今后的气象分析提供了新的辅助工具,并在一些方面得到了应用,达到了预期的效果,为气象预报事业做出了重要贡献。
In the meteorological field ,with the sustainable development of weather radar technology, the weather radar data become more and more rich, amounts of data become more and more large, it is more difficult directly for the people to understand these data visually ,in addition, severe convective and other disastrous weather have huge threat on people's normal production and life. Therefore, it becomes very necessary to develop an assistant tool to make weather forecasters more intuitive and better understanding the atmospheric state which is reflected by a large number of meteorological data . the accuracy of severe convective weather forecast will be improved and the losses caused by disasters will be reduced with the help of the tool,.
The 3-D display system of Radar vertical profiles sequence in this paper is developed by VC6.0 and some research work do as follows:
1 We structure the radar vertical profiles by any cutting liner in reflectivity images.
2 As coordinates of region and optimal cutting line is given, we structure the Radar vertical profiles sequence by calculating all the cutting lines in the region.
3 We built three-dimensional stereo model with each profiles based on the construction of radar vertical profile sequence by OpenGL texture mapping,
4 We develop a three-dimensional dynamic display system ,which has Human–Machine Interaction function such as scaling ,rotating ,movement. The system can help weather forecasters all-round, multi-angle analysis and understand three-dimensional images, and then improve the accuracy of weather forecasts.
In this dissertation, the research work develop a new assistant tool for weather forecast and has been applied in some areas, it has achieved the expected results and made important contributions for the weather forecast.
引文
[1]张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕,雷达气象学,北京:气象出版社,2000,360~422
[2]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南等,多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用,北京:气象出版社,2006,302~358
[3]张俊岚,张莉,曹立新,新一代天气雷达产品在南疆冰雹天气中的分析及应用,沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(3):41-44
[4]魏慧娟,李戈,赵龙,2008年驻马店冻雨转暴雪天气的雷达探测分析,中国科学技术协会2008防灾减灾论坛论文集,2008,412~458
[5]赵贤产,何丽萍,刘学华,一次发生在副热带高压内部局地冰雹的多普勒雷达回波特征分析,中国气象学会2007年年会天气预报预警和影响评估技术分会场论文集,2007,445~426
[6]李向红,广西强对流天气的新一代天气雷达资料演变及其环境场特征,全国优秀青年气象科技工作者学术研讨会论文集2008,126~132
[7]胡润山,用热成风螺旋度诊断强对流灾害天气,气象科技,2008, 36,(1):15~19
[8] Mapes, Brian E. and Lin, Jialin Doppler radar observations of mesoscale wind divergence in regions of tropical convection Monthly ,Weather Review, 2005 1808-1824
[9] Petrus J M Visser The Storm-Structure-Severity method for the identification of convective storm characteristics with conventional weather radar, Meteorological Applications, 2006. 1 - 10
[10]Rinehart.R.E.A Pattern-recognition technique for use with convention weather radar to determine internal storm motion,recent progress in radar meteorology . Atomospheric tech,1981.119~134
[11]Austin G.L.Apllication of pattern-recognition and extrapolation techniques to forecasting.Eur space Agency J.A.1985.147~155
[12]Austin G.L and Bellon.Very short-range forecast of precipitation by the objective extrapolation of radar and satellite data.Nowcasting A.K.Broning , Ed.Academic Press.1982.177~190
[13]Rosefeld.D.Object method for analysis and tracking of convective cell as seen by radar.J.Atmos Technic,1987.422~434
[14]Michael Dixon and Gerry wiener.TITAN:Thunder storm identification , tracking,analysis and nowcasting A radar base methodology,J.Atmos Oceanic Technic,1993.785~797
[15]J.T.Johnson,Pamela L.Mackeen,etc.The Storm Cell Identification and Tracking Algorithm:An Enhanced WSR-88D Algorithm.Weather and Forecasting . 1998.263~276
[16]沃伟峰,多普勒天气雷达二次产品开发平台的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京气象学院,2003
[17]吴蕾,多普勒天气雷达二次产品开发处理模块的工程设计:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京气象学院,2003
[18]杨引明,风暴的多普勒雷达自动识别、跟踪、预报及冰雹探测:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京气象学院,1997
[19]Yuan Zaohong etc.A new technique for radar echo tracking,26th International conference on radar meteorology.1993,226~227.
[20]刘黎平,徐宝祥等,利用矩心跟踪法跟踪、警戒强对流天气方法初探,高原气象,1991,10(3),317~324.
[21]石教英,蔡文立,科学计算可视化算法与系统,北京:科学出版社,1996
[22]唐泽圣,三维数据场可视化,北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[23]皮学贤,蔡勋,宋君强,气象可视化原型系统的设计与实现,计算机工程与科学.2001年第1期
[24]李妍,黄峰,沙文钮.基于气象要素标量场对象的可视化及其应用,气象科学,2001, 1,15~22
[25]吴铁健.基于Web的气象可视化系统研究与实现:[硕士学位论文],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2002
[26]吴铁健,张为民,蔡勋.用Java构建的基于Web的气象可视化系统.计算机工程,2002, 12,223~333
[27]王洪庆,张焱,郑永光.气象信息科学视算环境及其若干问题.气象学报,2004,5,86~91
[28]李培军,张维峰,郭洪涛.气象资料三维化技术中的插值问题,气象科学,2005,6,160~170
[29]钱跃锋,范茵,刘捷等.数值预报产品的多维立体显示系统的开发,气象水文装备,2006,4,12~17
[30]沈震宇,范茵,陶俐君等.可视化技术在气象数据场分析中的运用,系统仿真学报,2006,18(1),291~302
[31]魏六锋.气象信息存储管理和显示分析系统的研究和设计:[硕士学位论文],重庆:重庆大学,2006
[32]张晰莹,跨世纪的新一代气象业务现代化工程──气象卫星综合应用业务系统(9210工程),黑龙江气象,1996,4,72~85
[33]向卫国基于OpenGL的气象可视化系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],成都,电子科技大学,2005
[34]中国人民解放军总参谋部气象局,多普勒天气雷达资料分析与应用,北京:解放军出版社,2000
[35]程晓丽强对流云体三维结构的可视化方法及其构成特征的提取:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2008
[36]宋利,何明一,基于位图的三维地形速绘算法及其OpenGL编程,计算机仿真,2009,2,236~239
[37]胡学龙,数字图像处理,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,120~130
[38]肖艳姣,刘黎平,新一代天气雷达网资料的三维格点化及拼图方法研究,气象学报,2006 5 99~111
[39]李兆芹,姚益平,姚克敏,NCEP/NCAR再分析温度资料在农业气象中的应用可行性,南京气象学院学报,2004,03,131~150
[40]肖艳姣,刘黎平,李中华,任意基线雷达反射率因子垂直剖面生成算法,应用气象学报,2008,04,116~128
[40] k.霍金,D阿斯顿,OpenGL游戏程序设计,北京:科学出版社2006,308~411
[41]乔林,费广正,林杜,程序设计OpenGl北京:清华大学出版社,2000,158~192
[42] Richard S .Wright ,Jr. Benjamin Lipchak ,OpenGL超级宝典(第三版)北京:人民邮电出版社,2005,98~135
[43]周玲,位军,曾政详,基于OpenGL的三维物体剖面可视化,电脑与信息技术,2006,14, 34~36
[44]潘云鹤,计算机图形学,北京:高等教育出版社2003,58~96
[2]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南等,多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用,北京:气象出版社,2006,302~358
[3]张俊岚,张莉,曹立新,新一代天气雷达产品在南疆冰雹天气中的分析及应用,沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(3):41-44
[4]魏慧娟,李戈,赵龙,2008年驻马店冻雨转暴雪天气的雷达探测分析,中国科学技术协会2008防灾减灾论坛论文集,2008,412~458
[5]赵贤产,何丽萍,刘学华,一次发生在副热带高压内部局地冰雹的多普勒雷达回波特征分析,中国气象学会2007年年会天气预报预警和影响评估技术分会场论文集,2007,445~426
[6]李向红,广西强对流天气的新一代天气雷达资料演变及其环境场特征,全国优秀青年气象科技工作者学术研讨会论文集2008,126~132
[7]胡润山,用热成风螺旋度诊断强对流灾害天气,气象科技,2008, 36,(1):15~19
[8] Mapes, Brian E. and Lin, Jialin Doppler radar observations of mesoscale wind divergence in regions of tropical convection Monthly ,Weather Review, 2005 1808-1824
[9] Petrus J M Visser The Storm-Structure-Severity method for the identification of convective storm characteristics with conventional weather radar, Meteorological Applications, 2006. 1 - 10
[10]Rinehart.R.E.A Pattern-recognition technique for use with convention weather radar to determine internal storm motion,recent progress in radar meteorology . Atomospheric tech,1981.119~134
[11]Austin G.L.Apllication of pattern-recognition and extrapolation techniques to forecasting.Eur space Agency J.A.1985.147~155
[12]Austin G.L and Bellon.Very short-range forecast of precipitation by the objective extrapolation of radar and satellite data.Nowcasting A.K.Broning , Ed.Academic Press.1982.177~190
[13]Rosefeld.D.Object method for analysis and tracking of convective cell as seen by radar.J.Atmos Technic,1987.422~434
[14]Michael Dixon and Gerry wiener.TITAN:Thunder storm identification , tracking,analysis and nowcasting A radar base methodology,J.Atmos Oceanic Technic,1993.785~797
[15]J.T.Johnson,Pamela L.Mackeen,etc.The Storm Cell Identification and Tracking Algorithm:An Enhanced WSR-88D Algorithm.Weather and Forecasting . 1998.263~276
[16]沃伟峰,多普勒天气雷达二次产品开发平台的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京气象学院,2003
[17]吴蕾,多普勒天气雷达二次产品开发处理模块的工程设计:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京气象学院,2003
[18]杨引明,风暴的多普勒雷达自动识别、跟踪、预报及冰雹探测:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京气象学院,1997
[19]Yuan Zaohong etc.A new technique for radar echo tracking,26th International conference on radar meteorology.1993,226~227.
[20]刘黎平,徐宝祥等,利用矩心跟踪法跟踪、警戒强对流天气方法初探,高原气象,1991,10(3),317~324.
[21]石教英,蔡文立,科学计算可视化算法与系统,北京:科学出版社,1996
[22]唐泽圣,三维数据场可视化,北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[23]皮学贤,蔡勋,宋君强,气象可视化原型系统的设计与实现,计算机工程与科学.2001年第1期
[24]李妍,黄峰,沙文钮.基于气象要素标量场对象的可视化及其应用,气象科学,2001, 1,15~22
[25]吴铁健.基于Web的气象可视化系统研究与实现:[硕士学位论文],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2002
[26]吴铁健,张为民,蔡勋.用Java构建的基于Web的气象可视化系统.计算机工程,2002, 12,223~333
[27]王洪庆,张焱,郑永光.气象信息科学视算环境及其若干问题.气象学报,2004,5,86~91
[28]李培军,张维峰,郭洪涛.气象资料三维化技术中的插值问题,气象科学,2005,6,160~170
[29]钱跃锋,范茵,刘捷等.数值预报产品的多维立体显示系统的开发,气象水文装备,2006,4,12~17
[30]沈震宇,范茵,陶俐君等.可视化技术在气象数据场分析中的运用,系统仿真学报,2006,18(1),291~302
[31]魏六锋.气象信息存储管理和显示分析系统的研究和设计:[硕士学位论文],重庆:重庆大学,2006
[32]张晰莹,跨世纪的新一代气象业务现代化工程──气象卫星综合应用业务系统(9210工程),黑龙江气象,1996,4,72~85
[33]向卫国基于OpenGL的气象可视化系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],成都,电子科技大学,2005
[34]中国人民解放军总参谋部气象局,多普勒天气雷达资料分析与应用,北京:解放军出版社,2000
[35]程晓丽强对流云体三维结构的可视化方法及其构成特征的提取:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2008
[36]宋利,何明一,基于位图的三维地形速绘算法及其OpenGL编程,计算机仿真,2009,2,236~239
[37]胡学龙,数字图像处理,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,120~130
[38]肖艳姣,刘黎平,新一代天气雷达网资料的三维格点化及拼图方法研究,气象学报,2006 5 99~111
[39]李兆芹,姚益平,姚克敏,NCEP/NCAR再分析温度资料在农业气象中的应用可行性,南京气象学院学报,2004,03,131~150
[40]肖艳姣,刘黎平,李中华,任意基线雷达反射率因子垂直剖面生成算法,应用气象学报,2008,04,116~128
[40] k.霍金,D阿斯顿,OpenGL游戏程序设计,北京:科学出版社2006,308~411
[41]乔林,费广正,林杜,程序设计OpenGl北京:清华大学出版社,2000,158~192
[42] Richard S .Wright ,Jr. Benjamin Lipchak ,OpenGL超级宝典(第三版)北京:人民邮电出版社,2005,98~135
[43]周玲,位军,曾政详,基于OpenGL的三维物体剖面可视化,电脑与信息技术,2006,14, 34~36
[44]潘云鹤,计算机图形学,北京:高等教育出版社2003,58~96