基于多层结构的可视化系统的研究与实现
摘要
科学计算可视化是当前计算机科学的一个重要研究方向,是提高科学研究质量的有效途径。专业可视化系统的开发是一项复杂而又艰巨的工作,而开发一个通用的可视化系统则更为困难。可视化系统经历了从UNIX工作站到个人计算机、从单机系统到C/S、B/S结构的发展历史,但目前其开发方法和技术仍然严重落后于现代软件工程。因此,研究现代软件工程的方法和技术在可视化中的应用具有重要的意义。
本文对现代软件工程方法和技术在可视化中的应用进行了一定深度的研究和实践。首先通过对目前几种常见可视化模型的研究,提出一种新的构件式可视化模型,此模型具有复用性强、结构良好、支持多层次接口和应用等优点;研究了应用构件技术将现有可视化系统核心的数据处理部分封装成构件的方法,降低了开发新的可视化系统的难度和成本,同时使得可视化系统向标准化、统一化的大趋势迈进了一步;为了对模型进行验证,构建了一套基于多层结构的通用可视化系统MTUVS。系统采用J2EE构架,首先应用JCA和JNI等技术对OpenDX的执行体进行了构件封装,设计和开发了资源适配器OpenRA;接着针对Web浏览器客户端设计和开发了业务逻辑构件;然后对它们进行了组装和部署;最后在不同的领域进行了应用,包括对物体进行切面、等值线、风暴模拟、气象MM5数据可视化等。MTUVS具有结构良好、接口丰富、支持多层次多类型客户端、利于维护、利于扩展等优点。
ViSC (Visualization in Scientific Computing) is an important field in computer science, and is critical to improve the quality of the research. The development of visualization system in a special field is difficult, while it is more difficult to develop a universal one. The visualization systems have evolved from UNIX workstation to PC, from stand-alone to C/S, B/S. However, the development methods and techniques always can not keep up with the modern software engineering. So it is valuable to study the application of the methods and techniques of modern software engineering in visualization.The article mainly studies the application of the methods and techniques of modern software engineering in visualization. First, by researching the traditional visualization models, we give a new one, called Component Visualization Model (CVM). The model is reusable, well-constructed, and supports various levels' interfaces and applications. Then we study the methods of using the component-related techniques to wrap the core of the current visualization system. This method reduces the difficulty and cost of developing a new visualization system, and also makes the system closer to standard and unification, which is the trend of the software development. To validate the Component Visualization Model, we construct a universal visualization system which is based on multitier, and named it MTUVS. The system is based on J2EE architecture. Firstly, we wrap the executive of the OpenDX as a component using JCA and JNI, and develop a resource adapter, called OpenRA. Then, aiming at the browser clients, we develop the business component. Assembled them all, we can deploy them into the J2EE application server. And finally we apply the prototype system in several different fields, including object clipping, isoline, storm simulation, and the visualization of meteorologic MM5 datas. MTUVS is well-constructed, and it has rich interfaces and supports various kinds of clients. It is also easy to maintain and extend the system.
本文对现代软件工程方法和技术在可视化中的应用进行了一定深度的研究和实践。首先通过对目前几种常见可视化模型的研究,提出一种新的构件式可视化模型,此模型具有复用性强、结构良好、支持多层次接口和应用等优点;研究了应用构件技术将现有可视化系统核心的数据处理部分封装成构件的方法,降低了开发新的可视化系统的难度和成本,同时使得可视化系统向标准化、统一化的大趋势迈进了一步;为了对模型进行验证,构建了一套基于多层结构的通用可视化系统MTUVS。系统采用J2EE构架,首先应用JCA和JNI等技术对OpenDX的执行体进行了构件封装,设计和开发了资源适配器OpenRA;接着针对Web浏览器客户端设计和开发了业务逻辑构件;然后对它们进行了组装和部署;最后在不同的领域进行了应用,包括对物体进行切面、等值线、风暴模拟、气象MM5数据可视化等。MTUVS具有结构良好、接口丰富、支持多层次多类型客户端、利于维护、利于扩展等优点。
ViSC (Visualization in Scientific Computing) is an important field in computer science, and is critical to improve the quality of the research. The development of visualization system in a special field is difficult, while it is more difficult to develop a universal one. The visualization systems have evolved from UNIX workstation to PC, from stand-alone to C/S, B/S. However, the development methods and techniques always can not keep up with the modern software engineering. So it is valuable to study the application of the methods and techniques of modern software engineering in visualization.The article mainly studies the application of the methods and techniques of modern software engineering in visualization. First, by researching the traditional visualization models, we give a new one, called Component Visualization Model (CVM). The model is reusable, well-constructed, and supports various levels' interfaces and applications. Then we study the methods of using the component-related techniques to wrap the core of the current visualization system. This method reduces the difficulty and cost of developing a new visualization system, and also makes the system closer to standard and unification, which is the trend of the software development. To validate the Component Visualization Model, we construct a universal visualization system which is based on multitier, and named it MTUVS. The system is based on J2EE architecture. Firstly, we wrap the executive of the OpenDX as a component using JCA and JNI, and develop a resource adapter, called OpenRA. Then, aiming at the browser clients, we develop the business component. Assembled them all, we can deploy them into the J2EE application server. And finally we apply the prototype system in several different fields, including object clipping, isoline, storm simulation, and the visualization of meteorologic MM5 datas. MTUVS is well-constructed, and it has rich interfaces and supports various kinds of clients. It is also easy to maintain and extend the system.
引文
[1] http://java.sun.com/.
[2] http://www.opendx.org/.
[3] M. Bender, R. Klein, A. Disch, and A. Ebert. A functional framework for web-based information visualization systems. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 6(1): 8-23, January-March 2000.
[4] W. Lefer. A distributed architecture for a web-based visualization service. In D. Bartz, editor, Proceedings of the Ninth Eurographics Workshop on Visualization in Scientific Computing, 1998.
[5] J. Wood, K. Brodlie, and H. Wright. Visualization over the world wide web and its application to environmental data. In R. Yagel and G. M. Nielson, editors, Proceedings of Visualization 96, pages 81-86, 470. ACM, 1996.
[6] Elijah Saxon, Zoe Wood, Michael O'Neil, Chris Oates, Jeremy Story, Suzana Djurcilov, and Alex Pang. Integrated visualization of realtime environmental data. In Proceedings of the Spring Conference on Computer Graphics, pages 135-143. Comenius University, Bratislava, 1997.
[7] T.J.Jankun-Kelly etc. Deploying Web-based Visual Exploration Tools on the Grid. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Volume 23, Number 2, March/April 2003.
[8] Rahul Sharma, Beth Stearns, and Tony Ng. J2EE Connector Architecture and Enterprise Application. February, 2002.
[9] C. Szyperski. Component Software-Beyond OO Programming. Addison-wesley,1997.
[10] J.C. Trapp, H.-G. Pagendarm. A Prototype for a WWW-based Visualization Service. in: W.Lefer, M. Grave (eds.) "Visualization in Scientific Computing '97", Springer, Wien 1997, pp. 21-30.
[11] Jonathan C. Roberts, Rob Knight, Mark Gibbins and Nimesh Patel. Multiple Window Visualization on the Web using VRML and the EAI. Proceedings of the Seventh UK VR-SIG Conference, Robin Hollands. September 2000, Pages 149-157.
[12] Ken Brodlie. Visualization over the World Wide Web. School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds, UK.
[13] Suzana Djurcilov and Alex Pang. Visualization Products On-Demand Through the Web. University of California, Santa Cruz.
[14] Ed H. Chi, James Pitkow, Jock Mackinlay, Peter Pirolli, Rich Gossweiler, Stuart K. Card. Visualizing the Evolution of Web Ecologies. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.
[15] K.W. Brodlie, J. Wood, D.A. Duce, etc. XML for Visualization. Euroweb 2002—The Web and the GRID: From e-science to e-business.
[16] Wood JD, Wright H and Brodlie KW, Collaborative Visualization, Proceedings of IEEE Visualization97, pp 253-260, ACM Press, 1997.
[17] JNI Tutorial. http://java.sun.com/.
[18] J2EE Tutorial 1.4.. http://java.sun.com/.
[19] Jennifer Rodoni. What's new in J2EE Connector Architecture 1.5. http://java.sun.com/.
[20] Manish Verma. Application Integration with Legacy Systems Using Java Connector Architecture. http://java.sun.com/.
[21] J2EE Connector Architecture Specification (Version 1.5). http://java.sun.com/.
[22] Scott Oaks, Henry Wong. Java Threads (2nd). O'Reilly&Associates, Inc. 1999.
[23] Cay S. Hosrtmann, Gray Comell. Core Java 2. Sun Microsystems, Inc.
[24] Elliotte Rusty Harold. Java Network Programming. O'Reilly&Associates, Inc. 2000.
[25] 许华,吕徽,蔡勋.多层结构可视化系统应用服务器的设计与实现.第五届中国计算机图形学大会.2004.
[26] 许华,蔡勋.应用J2EE构建气象可视化系统.第八届全国并行计算学术交流会.2004.
[27] 蔡勋,吕徽,许华.基于Web的可视化系统.第八届全国并行计算学术交流会.2004.
[28] 陈亚强.J2EE连接器的开发.http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/.
[29] 李春青.应用集成技术的演变.http://www.tongtech.com/jsqy/yqxwview.asp?id=12.
[30] 石教英,蔡文立.科学计算可视化算法与系统.科学出版社.1996.
[31] 吴铁健,杨学军.基于Web的气象可视化系统研究与实现.国防科学技术大学研究生院学位论文.2002.
[32] 吴铁健,张为民,蔡勋.用Java构建的基于Web的气象可视化系统.计算机工程,第28卷,第12期.
[33] 谌玉霞,张文,李晓梅.网格环境下的可视化系统结构研究.第八届全国并行计算学术交流会.2004.
[34] 曾希,陈文博,林京秀.J2EE框架应用中的组件开发方法研究.2002'NASAC论文集,141-148,2002.
[35] Katharine Whitehead.基于组件开发.王海鹏,沈华峰译.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[36] Martin Flower, Kendall Scott. UML精粹.徐家福译.清华大学出版社.2000.
[2] http://www.opendx.org/.
[3] M. Bender, R. Klein, A. Disch, and A. Ebert. A functional framework for web-based information visualization systems. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 6(1): 8-23, January-March 2000.
[4] W. Lefer. A distributed architecture for a web-based visualization service. In D. Bartz, editor, Proceedings of the Ninth Eurographics Workshop on Visualization in Scientific Computing, 1998.
[5] J. Wood, K. Brodlie, and H. Wright. Visualization over the world wide web and its application to environmental data. In R. Yagel and G. M. Nielson, editors, Proceedings of Visualization 96, pages 81-86, 470. ACM, 1996.
[6] Elijah Saxon, Zoe Wood, Michael O'Neil, Chris Oates, Jeremy Story, Suzana Djurcilov, and Alex Pang. Integrated visualization of realtime environmental data. In Proceedings of the Spring Conference on Computer Graphics, pages 135-143. Comenius University, Bratislava, 1997.
[7] T.J.Jankun-Kelly etc. Deploying Web-based Visual Exploration Tools on the Grid. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Volume 23, Number 2, March/April 2003.
[8] Rahul Sharma, Beth Stearns, and Tony Ng. J2EE Connector Architecture and Enterprise Application. February, 2002.
[9] C. Szyperski. Component Software-Beyond OO Programming. Addison-wesley,1997.
[10] J.C. Trapp, H.-G. Pagendarm. A Prototype for a WWW-based Visualization Service. in: W.Lefer, M. Grave (eds.) "Visualization in Scientific Computing '97", Springer, Wien 1997, pp. 21-30.
[11] Jonathan C. Roberts, Rob Knight, Mark Gibbins and Nimesh Patel. Multiple Window Visualization on the Web using VRML and the EAI. Proceedings of the Seventh UK VR-SIG Conference, Robin Hollands. September 2000, Pages 149-157.
[12] Ken Brodlie. Visualization over the World Wide Web. School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds, UK.
[13] Suzana Djurcilov and Alex Pang. Visualization Products On-Demand Through the Web. University of California, Santa Cruz.
[14] Ed H. Chi, James Pitkow, Jock Mackinlay, Peter Pirolli, Rich Gossweiler, Stuart K. Card. Visualizing the Evolution of Web Ecologies. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.
[15] K.W. Brodlie, J. Wood, D.A. Duce, etc. XML for Visualization. Euroweb 2002—The Web and the GRID: From e-science to e-business.
[16] Wood JD, Wright H and Brodlie KW, Collaborative Visualization, Proceedings of IEEE Visualization97, pp 253-260, ACM Press, 1997.
[17] JNI Tutorial. http://java.sun.com/.
[18] J2EE Tutorial 1.4.. http://java.sun.com/.
[19] Jennifer Rodoni. What's new in J2EE Connector Architecture 1.5. http://java.sun.com/.
[20] Manish Verma. Application Integration with Legacy Systems Using Java Connector Architecture. http://java.sun.com/.
[21] J2EE Connector Architecture Specification (Version 1.5). http://java.sun.com/.
[22] Scott Oaks, Henry Wong. Java Threads (2nd). O'Reilly&Associates, Inc. 1999.
[23] Cay S. Hosrtmann, Gray Comell. Core Java 2. Sun Microsystems, Inc.
[24] Elliotte Rusty Harold. Java Network Programming. O'Reilly&Associates, Inc. 2000.
[25] 许华,吕徽,蔡勋.多层结构可视化系统应用服务器的设计与实现.第五届中国计算机图形学大会.2004.
[26] 许华,蔡勋.应用J2EE构建气象可视化系统.第八届全国并行计算学术交流会.2004.
[27] 蔡勋,吕徽,许华.基于Web的可视化系统.第八届全国并行计算学术交流会.2004.
[28] 陈亚强.J2EE连接器的开发.http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/.
[29] 李春青.应用集成技术的演变.http://www.tongtech.com/jsqy/yqxwview.asp?id=12.
[30] 石教英,蔡文立.科学计算可视化算法与系统.科学出版社.1996.
[31] 吴铁健,杨学军.基于Web的气象可视化系统研究与实现.国防科学技术大学研究生院学位论文.2002.
[32] 吴铁健,张为民,蔡勋.用Java构建的基于Web的气象可视化系统.计算机工程,第28卷,第12期.
[33] 谌玉霞,张文,李晓梅.网格环境下的可视化系统结构研究.第八届全国并行计算学术交流会.2004.
[34] 曾希,陈文博,林京秀.J2EE框架应用中的组件开发方法研究.2002'NASAC论文集,141-148,2002.
[35] Katharine Whitehead.基于组件开发.王海鹏,沈华峰译.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[36] Martin Flower, Kendall Scott. UML精粹.徐家福译.清华大学出版社.2000.