短花针茅草原对禁牧休牧的响应及休牧期家畜舍饲研究
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摘要
本试验于2006年至2008年,在短花针茅荒漠草原,对休牧40天、50天和60天的3个休牧区和自由放牧区及禁牧区进行了不同放牧处理小区的植被群落特征动态观测,并抽取部分植物样品进行营养成分分析,同时对土壤理化性状进行分析。
2007年4月5日至6月5日,随机选取体貌特征相似2岁绵羊羯羊24只,分成4组,每组6只,以待测饲料及其组合作为唯一日粮进行分圈饲养,通过利用收取剩余饲草量及粪便并测定其营养成分,对比四组日粮配方绵羊的营养吸收量及同化率的差异,确定适宜当地的日粮配给模式。
在2008年8月份牧草生长旺盛期利用LI-6400光合仪对各处理区短花针茅、碱韭和无芒隐子草的光合日变化值进行记录和对比,并利用光合仪模拟大气光照强度对比各处理区主要种群的光响应曲线。
通过对不同休牧时间下草地植被特征、草群营养成分和日粮营养成分的测定与分析,研究了植物种群、群落、土壤对禁牧、休牧的响应以及休牧期家畜舍饲营养均衡饲草料供给模式。
主要研究成果如下:
1短花针茅高度随着休牧时间延长而增高,但长期禁牧对短花针茅生长不利;禁牧休牧利于一年生植物与整体群落高度与密度的增加;休牧50~60d更有利于草地盖度的提高。禁牧休牧有利于短花针茅、碱韭与无芒隐子草生长末期贮藏性碳水化合物的积累,更好的利于翌年早春返青。
2禁牧与休牧较自由放牧提高短花针茅荒漠草原主要植物种群的光合能力、蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度。
3禁牧与休牧较自由放牧能够提高植物地上现存量,但并不与休牧时间成正比,休牧50d比较合理。
4禁牧休牧降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度和土壤含水量,但与休牧时间不成正比关系。
5 0.5kg秸秆+0.5kg青贮+0.05kg玉米+10g食盐日粮配给模式较合理。
Effects of banning and defered grazing on plant population, community structure, soil physical and chemistry characteristics and plant nutrition composition of Stipa breviflora desert steppe were investigated during 2006-2008 years.
From April 5th 2007 to June 5th of 2007, 24 2-year-old wethers were randomly divided into 4 groups. the sheep were separately fed with diets of different nutritious levels. Feed comsumption, nutrient absorption and digestion rate were measured by collecting the leff-over forage and analysing dune composition,to determine the appropriate daily diet supply ration.
The diurnal changs of photosynthesis and photosynthetic response curves of Stipa breviflora, Allium polyrhizum and Cleistogenes songorica under different grazing levels were measured and compared by using LI-6400 photosynthesis system during grass growing season in August 2008.
Responses of plant populations, communities, and soil to banning grazing and defered grazing were studied. Forage supply model based on livestock penfeeding nutritional balance under different defered grazing period were proposed by measuring plant community characteristic, grass nutrition component and daily diet nutrient component. The main results were as follows:
1 The height of Stipa breviflora increased with extend of defered grazing period, but long-term banning grazing had negative effects on the growth of Stipa breviflora. Banning and defered grazing were beneficial to increase the height and density of annual plants and total density. 50-60d of defered grazing was more beneficial for improving the coverage of community. Banning and defered grazing were beneficial to accumulate the carbohydrate components of Stipa breviflora, Cleistogenes songorica and Allium polyrhizum, and were more beneficial to spring re-greening of the following years.
2 Banning and defered grazing increased the photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and internal CO2 concentration of the major plant species on desert steppe .
3 Plant aboveground standing crops in Banning and defered grazing were higher than that in continuous grazing, but was not proportional to the duration of defered grazing, 50 day of defered grazing was considered a rational regine.
5 Banning and defered grazing reduced soil bulk density, and increased soil porosity and soil water content, which was not directly proportional to the defered grazing duration.
6 Results of the experiment showed that daily diet supply of 0.5kg straw+0.5kg silage+0.05Kg corn+10g NaCl were suitable to the local condition.
2007年4月5日至6月5日,随机选取体貌特征相似2岁绵羊羯羊24只,分成4组,每组6只,以待测饲料及其组合作为唯一日粮进行分圈饲养,通过利用收取剩余饲草量及粪便并测定其营养成分,对比四组日粮配方绵羊的营养吸收量及同化率的差异,确定适宜当地的日粮配给模式。
在2008年8月份牧草生长旺盛期利用LI-6400光合仪对各处理区短花针茅、碱韭和无芒隐子草的光合日变化值进行记录和对比,并利用光合仪模拟大气光照强度对比各处理区主要种群的光响应曲线。
通过对不同休牧时间下草地植被特征、草群营养成分和日粮营养成分的测定与分析,研究了植物种群、群落、土壤对禁牧、休牧的响应以及休牧期家畜舍饲营养均衡饲草料供给模式。
主要研究成果如下:
1短花针茅高度随着休牧时间延长而增高,但长期禁牧对短花针茅生长不利;禁牧休牧利于一年生植物与整体群落高度与密度的增加;休牧50~60d更有利于草地盖度的提高。禁牧休牧有利于短花针茅、碱韭与无芒隐子草生长末期贮藏性碳水化合物的积累,更好的利于翌年早春返青。
2禁牧与休牧较自由放牧提高短花针茅荒漠草原主要植物种群的光合能力、蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度。
3禁牧与休牧较自由放牧能够提高植物地上现存量,但并不与休牧时间成正比,休牧50d比较合理。
4禁牧休牧降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度和土壤含水量,但与休牧时间不成正比关系。
5 0.5kg秸秆+0.5kg青贮+0.05kg玉米+10g食盐日粮配给模式较合理。
Effects of banning and defered grazing on plant population, community structure, soil physical and chemistry characteristics and plant nutrition composition of Stipa breviflora desert steppe were investigated during 2006-2008 years.
From April 5th 2007 to June 5th of 2007, 24 2-year-old wethers were randomly divided into 4 groups. the sheep were separately fed with diets of different nutritious levels. Feed comsumption, nutrient absorption and digestion rate were measured by collecting the leff-over forage and analysing dune composition,to determine the appropriate daily diet supply ration.
The diurnal changs of photosynthesis and photosynthetic response curves of Stipa breviflora, Allium polyrhizum and Cleistogenes songorica under different grazing levels were measured and compared by using LI-6400 photosynthesis system during grass growing season in August 2008.
Responses of plant populations, communities, and soil to banning grazing and defered grazing were studied. Forage supply model based on livestock penfeeding nutritional balance under different defered grazing period were proposed by measuring plant community characteristic, grass nutrition component and daily diet nutrient component. The main results were as follows:
1 The height of Stipa breviflora increased with extend of defered grazing period, but long-term banning grazing had negative effects on the growth of Stipa breviflora. Banning and defered grazing were beneficial to increase the height and density of annual plants and total density. 50-60d of defered grazing was more beneficial for improving the coverage of community. Banning and defered grazing were beneficial to accumulate the carbohydrate components of Stipa breviflora, Cleistogenes songorica and Allium polyrhizum, and were more beneficial to spring re-greening of the following years.
2 Banning and defered grazing increased the photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and internal CO2 concentration of the major plant species on desert steppe .
3 Plant aboveground standing crops in Banning and defered grazing were higher than that in continuous grazing, but was not proportional to the duration of defered grazing, 50 day of defered grazing was considered a rational regine.
5 Banning and defered grazing reduced soil bulk density, and increased soil porosity and soil water content, which was not directly proportional to the defered grazing duration.
6 Results of the experiment showed that daily diet supply of 0.5kg straw+0.5kg silage+0.05Kg corn+10g NaCl were suitable to the local condition.
引文
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