单/双级混合复叠空气源热泵机组的制热性能研究
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摘要
众所周知,空气源热泵在寒冷地区的应用受到限制,近些年国内学者在空气源低温适应性方面做了很多研究。这些研究的方向有双级压缩热泵系统、准双级压缩热泵系统、单双级耦合热泵系统、复叠热泵系统。本论文研究了单／双级混合复叠空气源热泵机组。该机组主要由低温级热泵系统、高温级热泵系统及三通道套管换热器构成,通过三通道套管换热器实现低温级与高温级间的复叠循环。在制冷情况下,系统按单级运行。在制热运行室外温度较高时,系统按单级制热运行；当室外温度较低时,系统按双级复叠制热运行。
首先,基于VB语言编制了计算机仿真程序,程序模块包括压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、三通道套管换热器、节流阀、流体热物性参数等6个。换热器的结构尺寸均为自行设计的参数,换热器内部的模拟采用分区集中参数方法。
其次,通过对单／双级混合复叠空气源热泵机组在单级制热和双级制热两种运行模式下的仿真,得到了两种模式下的性能结果,并对两种模式进行了对比。单级系统在-10℃以下就不能运行,而双级在-30℃是仍旧可以运行,并且具有一定的制热能力。在低温环境下,双级系统在排气温度、压比、换热量、COP等方面都优于单级系统。
最后,在仿真系统基础之上对机组切换温度和三通道套管换热器面积进行了优化,并对几种现有的低温空气源热泵进行了对比。得到了以COP最优为条件,单双级切换温度是0℃；以经济参数F最优为条件,三通道套管换热器的最具有价值的换热尺寸,长度为5m。在几种低温空气源热泵系统中,单／双级混合复叠热泵在安全性方面具有很好的可靠性,制热性能在几种低温热泵中最好。
As we all know, air source heat pump application is limited in cold regions. In recent years, scholars have done a lot of research on the air-conditioning units in cold regions. The directions of these studies are as follows:a two-stage compression heat pump system, a quasi-two-stage compression heat pump system, a single and double stage coupled heat pump system, and a cascade heat pump system. This paper presents on a single/double stage mixed cascade air-source heat pump.The unit is mainly made up of a low temperature heat pump system, a high temperature heat pump system and a three-channel tube heat exchanger. It can achieve cascade circle by the three-channel tube heat exchanger. In the cooling case, the system runs by a single circle. In the heating case, the system runs by a single-stage circle at a higher outdoor temperature.While the outdoor temperature is low, the system runs by double-stage cascade circle.
Firstly, the paper produces a computer simulation system of a single/double stage mixed cascade air-source heat pump, which is based on the VB language. The the program modules of simulation include a compressor, a condenser, a evaporator, a three-channel tube heat exchanger, a throttle valve, the fluid thermal properties. The structure sizes of the heat exchangers are parameters designed by the author. The simulation of heat exchanger uses the lumped parameter method of partition.
Secondly, the simulation is doned for heating in a single-stage and a double-stage of the single/double stage mixed cascade air-source heat pump.And there is a comparison between the single-stage and the double-stage circle.The single-stage circle can not run below-10℃, but the two-stage circle is still run at-30℃which has some heating capacity. In the low temperature, the double-stage system is superior to the single-stage system in the exhaust temperature, pressure ratio, the heat quantity of transferring.
Finally, based on the simulation, it is doned for the optimum of the switch temperature and the area of the three-channel tube heat exchanger, further for the performance comparison among several air-source heat pump for low temperature. It is concluded that the switch temperature between the single and double stage is 0℃in the condition that the COP is optimum. The three-channel tube heat exchanger of the most valuable length is 5m in the condition of optimal economic parameter of F. The single/double stage mix cascade heat pump is more reliable in safety, the heating performance is the best among these heat pump systems.
首先,基于VB语言编制了计算机仿真程序,程序模块包括压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、三通道套管换热器、节流阀、流体热物性参数等6个。换热器的结构尺寸均为自行设计的参数,换热器内部的模拟采用分区集中参数方法。
其次,通过对单／双级混合复叠空气源热泵机组在单级制热和双级制热两种运行模式下的仿真,得到了两种模式下的性能结果,并对两种模式进行了对比。单级系统在-10℃以下就不能运行,而双级在-30℃是仍旧可以运行,并且具有一定的制热能力。在低温环境下,双级系统在排气温度、压比、换热量、COP等方面都优于单级系统。
最后,在仿真系统基础之上对机组切换温度和三通道套管换热器面积进行了优化,并对几种现有的低温空气源热泵进行了对比。得到了以COP最优为条件,单双级切换温度是0℃；以经济参数F最优为条件,三通道套管换热器的最具有价值的换热尺寸,长度为5m。在几种低温空气源热泵系统中,单／双级混合复叠热泵在安全性方面具有很好的可靠性,制热性能在几种低温热泵中最好。
As we all know, air source heat pump application is limited in cold regions. In recent years, scholars have done a lot of research on the air-conditioning units in cold regions. The directions of these studies are as follows:a two-stage compression heat pump system, a quasi-two-stage compression heat pump system, a single and double stage coupled heat pump system, and a cascade heat pump system. This paper presents on a single/double stage mixed cascade air-source heat pump.The unit is mainly made up of a low temperature heat pump system, a high temperature heat pump system and a three-channel tube heat exchanger. It can achieve cascade circle by the three-channel tube heat exchanger. In the cooling case, the system runs by a single circle. In the heating case, the system runs by a single-stage circle at a higher outdoor temperature.While the outdoor temperature is low, the system runs by double-stage cascade circle.
Firstly, the paper produces a computer simulation system of a single/double stage mixed cascade air-source heat pump, which is based on the VB language. The the program modules of simulation include a compressor, a condenser, a evaporator, a three-channel tube heat exchanger, a throttle valve, the fluid thermal properties. The structure sizes of the heat exchangers are parameters designed by the author. The simulation of heat exchanger uses the lumped parameter method of partition.
Secondly, the simulation is doned for heating in a single-stage and a double-stage of the single/double stage mixed cascade air-source heat pump.And there is a comparison between the single-stage and the double-stage circle.The single-stage circle can not run below-10℃, but the two-stage circle is still run at-30℃which has some heating capacity. In the low temperature, the double-stage system is superior to the single-stage system in the exhaust temperature, pressure ratio, the heat quantity of transferring.
Finally, based on the simulation, it is doned for the optimum of the switch temperature and the area of the three-channel tube heat exchanger, further for the performance comparison among several air-source heat pump for low temperature. It is concluded that the switch temperature between the single and double stage is 0℃in the condition that the COP is optimum. The three-channel tube heat exchanger of the most valuable length is 5m in the condition of optimal economic parameter of F. The single/double stage mix cascade heat pump is more reliable in safety, the heating performance is the best among these heat pump systems.
引文
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[10]郑祖义著.空气源热泵系统的设计与创新.武汉华中理工大学出版社,1994
[11]马国远.空气源热泵低温适应性的研究[R].北京：清华大学图书馆,2001
[12]田长青,石文星等.用于寒冷地区双级压缩变频空气源热泵的研究[J].太阳能学报.2004,25(3)：388-393
[13]庞宗占,马国远.喷射器对准二级压缩-喷射复合热泵系统性能的影响[J].制冷学报.2007,28(5)：26-30
[14]马最良.替代寒冷地区传统供暖的新型热泵供暖方式的探讨[J]. 暖通空调新技术3,2001：31-35
[15]王洋,江辉民,马最良等.单双级混合式热泵供暖系统总制热能效比的研究[J].暖通空调,2004,34(11)：1-4
[16]王洋,江辉民,马最良,姚杨等.单、双级混合式热泵系统切换条件的实验研 究[J].暖通空调,2005,35(2)：1-3
[17]王林.陈光明等.一种用于低温环境下新型空气源热泵循环研究[J].制冷学报.2005,(2)：34-38
[18]王林.陈斌,陈光明,宣永梅.扩大空气源热泵冷热水机组应用范围的可行性分析[J].暖通空调.2006,36(1)：55-59
[19]吴青昊, 巫江虹.复叠式空气源热泵热水器运行工况及其工质的选择[J].低温与特气.2008.26(3)：5-8
[20]傅明星,张兴群.双级复叠式空气源热泵冷热水机组的应用研究[J].流体机械.2008,36(10)：82-85
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[26]Fischer S K, Rice C K. The Oak Ridge heat pump models:1. A steady-state computer design model for air-to-air heat pumps. Report No. ORNL/CON-80/RI. Oak Ridge, Tenn:Oak Ridge National Laboratory,1983
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[28]Koury R N N, Machado L, Ismail K A R. Numerical simulation of a variable speed refrigeration systems. Int Journal of Refrigeration,2001,24:192-200
[29]Neeraj Agrawal, Souvik Bhattacharyya, Sarkar J. Optimization of two-stage transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump cycles. International Journal of Thermal Science,2007,27(2-3); 299-305
[30]丁国良.制冷空调装置的计算机仿真[J]．科学通报,2006,51(9)：998-1006
[31]张春路,丁国良.制冷系统稳态仿真算法研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2002, 36(11)：1667-1670
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