黄土边坡土钉支护应用研究
摘要
本文以郑西客运专线函谷关隧道出口明洞段黄土临时开挖边坡为研究对象,通过对黄土特性的系统论述和施工现场边坡失稳实例的调查,阐明了研究区的工程地质条件,提出了现场边坡失稳破坏模型。在此基础上,通过数值分析计算,进行了黄土临时开挖边坡稳定性及土钉支护的研究分析。
通过查阅大量国内外文献资料,总结了国内外边坡稳定性及土钉支护的研究现状及进展,概括了目前常用的边坡稳定性分析方法以及土钉支护作用机理。对黄土的物理力学性质进行了论述,并重点阐述了黄土的垂直节理特性。
在阐明研究区工程地质条件的基础上,通过对施工现场边坡滑塌特征的分析,分析了现场边坡失稳的原因,建立了现场边坡失稳的地质模型。
根据现场边坡失稳的地质模型,借鉴目前国内铁路、公路行业规范中对黄土边坡开挖以及边坡土钉支护所提出的设计要求,建立了11种数值分析的基本类型。以数值分析计算(FLAC)为手段,对多种工况条件下的边坡开挖及土钉支护性状进行了分析研究。讨论了黄土临时开挖边坡位移变化规律及土钉轴向拉应力分布规律。确定了在研究区黄土边坡开挖时合理的坡形、坡比,以及适宜的土钉支护参数。
综合分析,认为影响黄土开挖边坡稳定性的关键因素为:黄土本身的物理力学性质,边坡形状,边坡开挖的深度,边坡顶部垂直节理的位置、竖向延伸深度,支护方式等。
In this thesis, a field cutting loess slope was studied, which is located in the open cut segment of Han Guguan tunnel exit of Zheng-xi railway Line for passenger traffic. By the analysis systematically for the loess characteristics and the survey for the construction site slope failure examples, the engineering geologic condition of the field was illustrated, and the local unstable failure model was proposed. Based on the numerical analysis computation, the stability and its soil nailing investigation for the field cutting loess slope was carried out.
Based on the domestic and foreign literature and data, the status and development of the investigation of the slope stability and soil nailing supporting were summarized, and the universal analysis methods of slope stability and the mechanism of soil nailing supporting at present were generalized, and to discuss in detail the physical mechanics properties of loess, especially for the joint properties of loess.
On the basis of the engineering geologic condition of the field, the collapse feature and cause of the cutting slope were analyzed in detail, and the geologic failure model of the cutting slope was established.
According to the geologic failure model of the cutting slope, and the design specifications referred to the codes of railway and highway for the loess cutting slope and its soil nailing supporting , the numerical analysis models were proposed. By the numerical simulation analysis method of Flac, the characteristics of the loess cutting slope and its soil nailing supporting, the displacement changing law of the cutting slope and the tensile stress distributing law of the soil nailing were analyzed, the cutting reasonable slope shape, ratio of the loess cutting slope, and the well parameters of the soil nailing supporting were determined.
Based on the, to analyze the cutting slope displacement and deformation of soil nailing axial stress changes in the law , receive the slope excavation reasonable slope shape, slope excavation and reasonable than the soil nailing parameters, in the loess areas.
In brief, the critical influence factor of the loess cutting slope stability were as follows: the physical mechanics properties of loess, slope shape, excavation depth, joint position, joint unloading depth, supporting ways and so on.
通过查阅大量国内外文献资料,总结了国内外边坡稳定性及土钉支护的研究现状及进展,概括了目前常用的边坡稳定性分析方法以及土钉支护作用机理。对黄土的物理力学性质进行了论述,并重点阐述了黄土的垂直节理特性。
在阐明研究区工程地质条件的基础上,通过对施工现场边坡滑塌特征的分析,分析了现场边坡失稳的原因,建立了现场边坡失稳的地质模型。
根据现场边坡失稳的地质模型,借鉴目前国内铁路、公路行业规范中对黄土边坡开挖以及边坡土钉支护所提出的设计要求,建立了11种数值分析的基本类型。以数值分析计算(FLAC)为手段,对多种工况条件下的边坡开挖及土钉支护性状进行了分析研究。讨论了黄土临时开挖边坡位移变化规律及土钉轴向拉应力分布规律。确定了在研究区黄土边坡开挖时合理的坡形、坡比,以及适宜的土钉支护参数。
综合分析,认为影响黄土开挖边坡稳定性的关键因素为:黄土本身的物理力学性质,边坡形状,边坡开挖的深度,边坡顶部垂直节理的位置、竖向延伸深度,支护方式等。
In this thesis, a field cutting loess slope was studied, which is located in the open cut segment of Han Guguan tunnel exit of Zheng-xi railway Line for passenger traffic. By the analysis systematically for the loess characteristics and the survey for the construction site slope failure examples, the engineering geologic condition of the field was illustrated, and the local unstable failure model was proposed. Based on the numerical analysis computation, the stability and its soil nailing investigation for the field cutting loess slope was carried out.
Based on the domestic and foreign literature and data, the status and development of the investigation of the slope stability and soil nailing supporting were summarized, and the universal analysis methods of slope stability and the mechanism of soil nailing supporting at present were generalized, and to discuss in detail the physical mechanics properties of loess, especially for the joint properties of loess.
On the basis of the engineering geologic condition of the field, the collapse feature and cause of the cutting slope were analyzed in detail, and the geologic failure model of the cutting slope was established.
According to the geologic failure model of the cutting slope, and the design specifications referred to the codes of railway and highway for the loess cutting slope and its soil nailing supporting , the numerical analysis models were proposed. By the numerical simulation analysis method of Flac, the characteristics of the loess cutting slope and its soil nailing supporting, the displacement changing law of the cutting slope and the tensile stress distributing law of the soil nailing were analyzed, the cutting reasonable slope shape, ratio of the loess cutting slope, and the well parameters of the soil nailing supporting were determined.
Based on the, to analyze the cutting slope displacement and deformation of soil nailing axial stress changes in the law , receive the slope excavation reasonable slope shape, slope excavation and reasonable than the soil nailing parameters, in the loess areas.
In brief, the critical influence factor of the loess cutting slope stability were as follows: the physical mechanics properties of loess, slope shape, excavation depth, joint position, joint unloading depth, supporting ways and so on.
引文
[1]孙广忠.西北黄土的工程地质力学性质及地质工程问题研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1989.
[2]乔平定,李增钧.黄土地区工程地质[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1990.
[3]孙建中.黄土学[M].香港:香港考古出版社,2005.
[4]建筑基坑工程技术规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国建设部 发布,1997.
[5]李炜.黄土路堑高边坡合理断面形式研究[硕士学位论文D].西安:长安大学,2003.
[6]李彦兴.黄土挖方高边坡变形机理的分析研究[硕士学位论文D].西安:西安理工大学,2004.
[7]刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].西安:陕西科学出版社,1997.
[8]严西华.黄土高路堑边坡稳定性分析[硕士学位论文D].西安:长安大学,2001.
[9]黄玉华.径阳南源黄土滑坡特征及其灾害损失经济评价[硕士论文D].西安:西北大学,2002.
[10]高润德、彭良泉、王钊.雨水入渗作用下非饱和土边坡的稳定性分析[J].人民长江,2001,32(11):25-27.
[11]吴宏伟、陈守义、庞宇威.雨水入渗对非饱和土边坡稳定性影响的参数研究[J].岩土力学,1999,21(11):1-13.
[12]黄润秋、戚国庆.非饱和渗流基质吸力对边坡稳定性的影响[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(4):343-345.
[13]姚海林、郑少河、陈守义.考虑裂隙及雨水入渗影响的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(5):606-609.
[14]陈肇元,崔京浩.土钉支护在基坑工程中的应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[15]程良奎,杨志银.喷射混凝土与土钉墙[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[16]张明聚,宋二祥,陈肇元.土钉挡土技术[J].中南公路工程,1998,23(1):20-25.
[17]杨光华.深基坑支护结构的实用计算方法及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[18]秦四清.土钉支护机理与优化设计[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.
[19]程良奎等.岩土锚固工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996.
[20]叶书麟等.地基处理与托换技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
[21]叶观宝.地基加固新技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[22]Byrne R J,Walkingshaw J L.FHWA International Scanning Tour of eotechnology,1992:30-32.
[23]张钦喜、孙家乐.插筋补强护坡技术的若干问题,工业建筑[J],1999,27(2):32-36.
[24]孙家乐.插筋补强护坡技术的原理与应用[A],第六届土力学及基础工程学术会议论文集[C],上海:同济大学出版社,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991,483-486.
[25]黄文熙.土的工程性质[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1984.
[26]陕西水利科学研究院.西北黄土的性质[M].陕西人民出版社,1959.
[27]PATRA C R,BASUDHAR P K.Optimum design of nailed soil slopes[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2005,23:73-296.
[28]GULER Erol,BOZKURT Cemal F.The effect of upward nail inclination to the stability of soil nailed structures,geotechnical engineering for transportation projects[J].2004:212-222.
[29]WONG I H,LOW B K,PAND P Y.Field performance of soil wall in residual soil[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1997:105-112.
[30]张明聚,郭忠贤.土钉支护工作性能的现场测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001.23(3):319-323.
[31]李冉,赵燕明,方玉树.复合土钉支护的有限元分析[J].后勤工程学院学报,2005,2:57-61.
[32]孙铁成,张明聚,杨茜.深基坑复合土钉支护模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学,2004,23(15):2585-2592.
[33]陈福全,马时冬.土钉加固边坡的离心模型试验与分析.工业建筑[J],1999,29(9):12-15.
[34]段建立,谭跃虎,樊有维,复合土钉支护的现场测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(12):2128-2132.
[35]莫暖娇,何之民,陈利洲.土钉墙模型试验分析[J].上海地质,1999,3:47-49.
[36]伍俊,郑全平.复合土钉支护技术的有限元数值模拟及工程应用[J].岩土 工程学报,2005,27(4):388-392.
[37]王永焱,林在贯.中国黄土的结构特征及物理力学性质[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[38]蒋彭年.土的本构关系[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.
[39]邢义川等.黄土的弹塑性模型试验研究[A],第三届全国岩土力学数值分析与解析方法讨论会论文集[C],珠海,1988;1:193-199.
[40]王景明等.黄土构造节理的理论及其应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,1996
[41]王正贵等.关于黄土垂直节理形成机制的探讨[J].中国科学(B辑),1993,23(7):35-40.
[42]张庆飞.黄土地区隧道洞口段边坡稳定性研究[硕士论文D].成都:西南交通大学,2003.
[43]李亚兰.黄土边坡坡面稳定性及防治措施研究[硕士论文D].西安:长安大学,2005.
[44]FLAC Online Manual Table of Contents.FLAC Version 5.0.
[45]铁路特殊土路基设计规则[S].北京:中华人民共和国铁道部 发布,1992.
[46]公路路基设计规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国交通部 发布,1996.
[47]铁路隧道施工规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国铁道部 发布,1996.
[48]张雪松.土钉墙支护结构的数值模拟[硕士论文D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[49]赵晓峰.黄土基坑土钉支护工作机理与有限元数值分析[硕士论文D].西安:西安理工大学.2007.
[50]王立峰,何俏江等.土钉墙支护结构综述[J].岩土工程学报.2006,28(11):1681-1685.
[2]乔平定,李增钧.黄土地区工程地质[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1990.
[3]孙建中.黄土学[M].香港:香港考古出版社,2005.
[4]建筑基坑工程技术规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国建设部 发布,1997.
[5]李炜.黄土路堑高边坡合理断面形式研究[硕士学位论文D].西安:长安大学,2003.
[6]李彦兴.黄土挖方高边坡变形机理的分析研究[硕士学位论文D].西安:西安理工大学,2004.
[7]刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].西安:陕西科学出版社,1997.
[8]严西华.黄土高路堑边坡稳定性分析[硕士学位论文D].西安:长安大学,2001.
[9]黄玉华.径阳南源黄土滑坡特征及其灾害损失经济评价[硕士论文D].西安:西北大学,2002.
[10]高润德、彭良泉、王钊.雨水入渗作用下非饱和土边坡的稳定性分析[J].人民长江,2001,32(11):25-27.
[11]吴宏伟、陈守义、庞宇威.雨水入渗对非饱和土边坡稳定性影响的参数研究[J].岩土力学,1999,21(11):1-13.
[12]黄润秋、戚国庆.非饱和渗流基质吸力对边坡稳定性的影响[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(4):343-345.
[13]姚海林、郑少河、陈守义.考虑裂隙及雨水入渗影响的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(5):606-609.
[14]陈肇元,崔京浩.土钉支护在基坑工程中的应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[15]程良奎,杨志银.喷射混凝土与土钉墙[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[16]张明聚,宋二祥,陈肇元.土钉挡土技术[J].中南公路工程,1998,23(1):20-25.
[17]杨光华.深基坑支护结构的实用计算方法及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[18]秦四清.土钉支护机理与优化设计[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.
[19]程良奎等.岩土锚固工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996.
[20]叶书麟等.地基处理与托换技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
[21]叶观宝.地基加固新技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[22]Byrne R J,Walkingshaw J L.FHWA International Scanning Tour of eotechnology,1992:30-32.
[23]张钦喜、孙家乐.插筋补强护坡技术的若干问题,工业建筑[J],1999,27(2):32-36.
[24]孙家乐.插筋补强护坡技术的原理与应用[A],第六届土力学及基础工程学术会议论文集[C],上海:同济大学出版社,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991,483-486.
[25]黄文熙.土的工程性质[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1984.
[26]陕西水利科学研究院.西北黄土的性质[M].陕西人民出版社,1959.
[27]PATRA C R,BASUDHAR P K.Optimum design of nailed soil slopes[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2005,23:73-296.
[28]GULER Erol,BOZKURT Cemal F.The effect of upward nail inclination to the stability of soil nailed structures,geotechnical engineering for transportation projects[J].2004:212-222.
[29]WONG I H,LOW B K,PAND P Y.Field performance of soil wall in residual soil[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1997:105-112.
[30]张明聚,郭忠贤.土钉支护工作性能的现场测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001.23(3):319-323.
[31]李冉,赵燕明,方玉树.复合土钉支护的有限元分析[J].后勤工程学院学报,2005,2:57-61.
[32]孙铁成,张明聚,杨茜.深基坑复合土钉支护模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学,2004,23(15):2585-2592.
[33]陈福全,马时冬.土钉加固边坡的离心模型试验与分析.工业建筑[J],1999,29(9):12-15.
[34]段建立,谭跃虎,樊有维,复合土钉支护的现场测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(12):2128-2132.
[35]莫暖娇,何之民,陈利洲.土钉墙模型试验分析[J].上海地质,1999,3:47-49.
[36]伍俊,郑全平.复合土钉支护技术的有限元数值模拟及工程应用[J].岩土 工程学报,2005,27(4):388-392.
[37]王永焱,林在贯.中国黄土的结构特征及物理力学性质[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[38]蒋彭年.土的本构关系[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.
[39]邢义川等.黄土的弹塑性模型试验研究[A],第三届全国岩土力学数值分析与解析方法讨论会论文集[C],珠海,1988;1:193-199.
[40]王景明等.黄土构造节理的理论及其应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,1996
[41]王正贵等.关于黄土垂直节理形成机制的探讨[J].中国科学(B辑),1993,23(7):35-40.
[42]张庆飞.黄土地区隧道洞口段边坡稳定性研究[硕士论文D].成都:西南交通大学,2003.
[43]李亚兰.黄土边坡坡面稳定性及防治措施研究[硕士论文D].西安:长安大学,2005.
[44]FLAC Online Manual Table of Contents.FLAC Version 5.0.
[45]铁路特殊土路基设计规则[S].北京:中华人民共和国铁道部 发布,1992.
[46]公路路基设计规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国交通部 发布,1996.
[47]铁路隧道施工规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国铁道部 发布,1996.
[48]张雪松.土钉墙支护结构的数值模拟[硕士论文D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[49]赵晓峰.黄土基坑土钉支护工作机理与有限元数值分析[硕士论文D].西安:西安理工大学.2007.
[50]王立峰,何俏江等.土钉墙支护结构综述[J].岩土工程学报.2006,28(11):1681-1685.