气体喷射器的设计及数值模拟研究
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摘要
随着经济的高速发展,节能和环保已成为全球范围内的重大课题,利用可再生能源也随之而引起人们的广泛兴趣。太阳能喷射式制冷系统就是利用低品位可再生能源的一种装置,其用喷射器取代了传统蒸汽压缩式制冷系统中的压缩机,喷射器有结构简单、无运动部件,运行维护费用低等特点。但由于喷射器的喷射系数较低,实际应用还很少,喷射器的设计选型也没有统一的标准。因此如何提高喷射器的喷射系数,合理设计喷射器就成为推动喷射式制冷系统发展的关键。
本文研究喷射器的结构和运行工况对喷射器性能的影响,旨在提高喷射器的喷射系数,从而提高其应用于喷射制冷系统的效率,为太阳能喷射式制冷系统的研发提供理论依据。
本文以Sokolov喷射器设计理论为基础,假设定压混合,辅之以经验公式,得到了喷射器结构设计的一系列模型,利用VB语言编制了喷射器结构的设计程序,并针对某别墅太阳能喷射制冷系统,设计了喷射器结构。
由于喷射器内流动复杂,简单的一维计算无法了解其内部流场细节。本文还以FLUENT软件为平台,对制冷剂R134a为工质的喷射器内流动进行了数值模拟,得到了喷射器内压力、速度和温度的分布规律。同时利用数值模拟的灵活性、可重复性、低成本的特点,通过改变工作流体压力、引射流体压力、混合流体压力等工作参数,以及喷嘴面积比、喷嘴距等喷射器几何参数,计算出不同情况下喷射器的喷射系数,通过对结果进行分析,得到了各参数对喷射器性能的影响规律。
With the rapid development of economic, Energy-saving and environmental protection has become a major issue all over the world. A wide range of people are interested in using of renewable energy sources. Solar ejector refrigeration system is a device which use low-grade renewable energy. The biggest difference between this system and the traditional vapor compression refrigeration system is to use ejector instead of compressor. Ejector has a simple structure, no moving parts, and operation and low maintenance costs. But the ejector entrainment ratio is very low, and the practical applications are very few. So far there is no uniform standard for ejector design. How to improve the ejector entrainment ratio is very important for promoting the use of solar ejector refrigeration system.
In this paper, studied how ejector structure and operating conditions affect on ejector, in order to improve the ejector coefficient, and to improve their application of the refrigeration system, and provide a theoretical basis for it's widely used.
This paper is based on Sokolov's 1-D analysis, assume that mixing is constant pressure, accord to empirical formula, and get the structural design of ejector model. Make programmer by Visual Basic 6.0, and use it to calculate the ejector of a solar house ejector refrigeration system.
As the ejector flow is complex, 1-D analysis can not maintain its internal flow field. Take FLUENT software as a platform, simulate ejector which use R134a as the refrigerant, acquired the distribution of pressure, velocity and temperature. At the same time, by the use of numerical simulation of flexibility, repeatability, low-cost characteristics, change working parameters such as the operating fluid pressure, second fluid pressure, mixed fluid pressure, and geometric parameters such as ejector nozzle area ratio, nozzle distance, to calculate ejector coefficient under different situations. Analysis the results, and get the parameters how to affect on the ejector performance.
本文研究喷射器的结构和运行工况对喷射器性能的影响,旨在提高喷射器的喷射系数,从而提高其应用于喷射制冷系统的效率,为太阳能喷射式制冷系统的研发提供理论依据。
本文以Sokolov喷射器设计理论为基础,假设定压混合,辅之以经验公式,得到了喷射器结构设计的一系列模型,利用VB语言编制了喷射器结构的设计程序,并针对某别墅太阳能喷射制冷系统,设计了喷射器结构。
由于喷射器内流动复杂,简单的一维计算无法了解其内部流场细节。本文还以FLUENT软件为平台,对制冷剂R134a为工质的喷射器内流动进行了数值模拟,得到了喷射器内压力、速度和温度的分布规律。同时利用数值模拟的灵活性、可重复性、低成本的特点,通过改变工作流体压力、引射流体压力、混合流体压力等工作参数,以及喷嘴面积比、喷嘴距等喷射器几何参数,计算出不同情况下喷射器的喷射系数,通过对结果进行分析,得到了各参数对喷射器性能的影响规律。
With the rapid development of economic, Energy-saving and environmental protection has become a major issue all over the world. A wide range of people are interested in using of renewable energy sources. Solar ejector refrigeration system is a device which use low-grade renewable energy. The biggest difference between this system and the traditional vapor compression refrigeration system is to use ejector instead of compressor. Ejector has a simple structure, no moving parts, and operation and low maintenance costs. But the ejector entrainment ratio is very low, and the practical applications are very few. So far there is no uniform standard for ejector design. How to improve the ejector entrainment ratio is very important for promoting the use of solar ejector refrigeration system.
In this paper, studied how ejector structure and operating conditions affect on ejector, in order to improve the ejector coefficient, and to improve their application of the refrigeration system, and provide a theoretical basis for it's widely used.
This paper is based on Sokolov's 1-D analysis, assume that mixing is constant pressure, accord to empirical formula, and get the structural design of ejector model. Make programmer by Visual Basic 6.0, and use it to calculate the ejector of a solar house ejector refrigeration system.
As the ejector flow is complex, 1-D analysis can not maintain its internal flow field. Take FLUENT software as a platform, simulate ejector which use R134a as the refrigerant, acquired the distribution of pressure, velocity and temperature. At the same time, by the use of numerical simulation of flexibility, repeatability, low-cost characteristics, change working parameters such as the operating fluid pressure, second fluid pressure, mixed fluid pressure, and geometric parameters such as ejector nozzle area ratio, nozzle distance, to calculate ejector coefficient under different situations. Analysis the results, and get the parameters how to affect on the ejector performance.
引文
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[3]顾兆林,郁永章.吸收.喷射复合制冷循环特性分析[C].第七届全国余热制冷与热泵技术学术会议论文集,1994
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[5]蒋立本,顾兆林等.吸收-喷射与吸收式制冷系统的热经济学比较[J].西安交通大学学报,2000,6(34):76-79
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[7]苏跃红,葛新石.双温冰箱压缩/喷射式混合制冷循环系统的设计和实验研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,1998,28(2):115-120
[8]郭健翔,谭连城.新型压缩/喷射冰箱混合制冷循环及实验研究[J].制冷学报,1993,6(1):10-14
[9]苏跃红,葛新石.双温冰箱两种压缩/喷射式混合制冷循环系统的性能比较[J].中国科学技术大学学报,1996,26(1):110-113
[10]苏跃红,葛新石.双温冰箱-一种节能循环的分析[J].流体机械,1996,10(2):56-58
[11]毛小兵,胡甫才.喷射器在船舶冷库节能中的应用与实验研究[J].节能技术,2002,1(20):29-32
[12]Kanjanapon Chunnanond,Satha Aphornratana.Ejectors:applications in refrigeration[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2004,8:129-155
[13]Hisham EL-Dessouky,Hisham Ettouney.Evaluation of Steam Jet Ejectors[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing,2002,41:551-561
[14]刘志强,沈胜强,李素芬.喷射器一维设计理论的研究进展[J].热能动力工程,2001,93(16):229-233
[15]I.W.Eames,S.Aphornratana and H.Haider.Theoretical and experimental study of a small-scale steam jet refrigerator[J].Int.J.Refrig,1995,18(6):387-390
[16]Narmine H.Aly,Aly Karameldin,M.M.Shamloul.Modeling and simulation of steam jet ejectors[J].Desalination,1999,123:1-8
[17]Huang B J,Chang J M.Empirical Correlation for Ejector Design[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,1999,22:379-388
[18]Huang B J,Chang J M,Petrenko V A.A 1-D analysis of ejector performance[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,1999,22:354-364
[19]Rogdakis E D,Alexis G.Investigation of ejector design at optimum operating condition[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2000,41:1841-1849
[20]Eames I W.A new prescription for the design of supersonic jet-pumps[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2002,(22):121-131
[21]Chunnanond,Aphornratana.Ejectors:applications in refrigeration technology[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2004,8:129-155
[22]索科洛夫(黄秋云译).喷射器[M].北京:科学出版社,1977
[23]谢玉健,洪厚胜.蒸汽喷射器射流场流动模型研究综述[J].石油化工设备,2008,2(37):43-47
[24]张博,沈胜强等.二维流动模型的喷射器性能分析研究[J].热科学与技术,2003,2(2):149-153
[25]郭金基.亚音速气体喷射器的性能分析及其计算方法[J].中山大学学报,1981,1:20-31
[26]陆宏沂.喷射技术理论及应用[M].武汉大学出版社,2004
[27]王权,向雄彪.蒸汽喷射压缩器喷射系数计算方法研究[J].太阳能学报,1997,.7:314-321
[28]刘爱萍.喷射器的变工况分析[J].水动力学研究与进展,1999,14(3):359-364
[29]张于峰.一种新的制冷喷射器计算方法[J].工程热物理学报,1996,17:27-30
[30]刘志强,沈胜强等.蒸汽喷射式热泵性能实验研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2001,41(3):310-313
[31]张博,沈胜强等.太阳能喷射式制冷系统性能分析[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):451-455
[32]张少维.新型喷嘴结构下蒸汽喷射式热泵的数值研究[J].热能动力工程,2004,19(5):506-509
[33]姚征,陈康民.CFD通用软件综述[J].上海理工大学学报,2002,24(2):137-144
[34]刘霞.FLUENT软件及其在我国的应用[J].能源研究与利用,2003,(2):36-38
[35]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2008
[36]K.Matsuo,K.Sasaguchi.Investigation of supersonic air ejectors Part 1:performance in the case of zero-secondary flow[J].Bulletin of JSME,1981,24(198):2090-2097
[37]K.Matsuo,K.Sasaguchi.Investigation of supersonic air ejectors[J].Part 2:effects of throat-area-ratio on ejector performance.Bulletin of JSME,1982,25(210):1898-1905
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