主动吸波式造波机造波原理研究
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摘要
由于对海洋资源的需求越来越来迫切,国内外对海洋工程的研究越来越多。装备传统造波机的水池已经不能满足海洋工程研究的需要。国内外科研机构开始研究具有主动吸波功能的造波机,但是在物理水池中成功地应用还非常少,因此对吸收式造波技术的研究具有十分重要的工程意义。哈尔滨工程大学新建-长×宽×高=50×30×10米的海洋工程实验水池。针对该工程,探讨了主动吸波式造波技术的可行性。
本文首先在势流理论和线性微幅波基础上,推导传统造波机造波原理,进一步详细地推导吸收式造波机造波原理。采用面元法,建立了二维线性数值波浪水池,并采用求解边界积分方程校核数值计算精度。通过数值模拟的结果与解析解的比较以及计算边界积分方程表明：计算精度满足要求；数值解和解析解吻合的很好。可以认为该数值波浪水池是适用的。
首次采用全相位频谱分析理论作为水动力反馈的理论基础。通过计算机构造信号源,用全相位频谱分析理论分析信号,并且与传统的频谱分析方法比较。试验结果说明：全相位频谱分析能够得到准确的频率、波高、相位。
在以上的基础上,把全相位频谱分析和数值波浪水池结合,以全相位频谱分析作为水动力反馈,分别在推板式和摇板式造波机中进行主动吸收式造波数值仿真试验。通过仿真试验表明：采用全相位频谱分析作为水动力反馈,能够有效的减弱波浪的二次反射。
为了进一步研究吸收式造波技术,以ITTC单参数谱为目标谱,采用不同的离散方法对二维随机海浪进行了仿真,并对离散的单参数谱所模拟的波高时历进行谱估计,与目标谱比较,吻合得比较好。
Thanks to the urgency for the need of ocean resources, the research on ocean engineering become more and more by the scholars domestic and international. The tank equipped with traditional wavemaker can't satisfy the demand of the research on ocean engineering. Domestic and international research organizations begin the research on the wavemaker which has absorption wave-making functions. Harbin Engineering University newly builds an ocean engineering test tank with the length by breadth by height is 50×30×10 meter. Aim at the project, the paper discusses the possibility of active absorption wave-making technology.
Firstly, base on the potential flow theory and linear micro-amplitude wave theory, the paper deduces the wave-making principle firstly for traditional wavemaker and further for absorption wavemaker in details. The panel method is adopted to build a 2D linear numerical wave tank, and the method of calculate boundary integral equation is adopted to correct numerical calculation accuracy. According to the comparation of numerical simulation results and analytical solution, and calculate boundary integral equation indicate:The calculation accuracy satisfies a request; numerical solution and analytical solution fit together very well. So the numerical wave tank is considered applicable.
All phase spectrum analysis theory is adopted as the foundation of hydrodynamic feedback for the first time. The paper constructs signal sources through the computer, analyze signals by all phase spectrum analysis theory, and compared with traditional spectrum analysis methods. Experiment results indicate: All phase spectrum analysis can get accurate frequency、amplitude and phase.
Base on the above, the paper combines all phase spectrum analysis with numerical wave tank, take all phase spectrum analysis as hydrodynamic feedback, carried on numerical simulation test of active absorption wave-making in piston-type and flap-type wavemaker respectively. The simulation test makes clear:taking all phase spectrum analysis as hydrodynamic feedback can weaken the second reflected wave effectively.
Finally, for the further research on absorption wave-making technology, this paper takes the ITTC single parameter spectrum as the target spectrum, adopts a different dispersed method to simulating 2D random ocean wave, estimates the ocean wave amplitude related to time which is simulated by the dispersed single parameter spectrum. It fit the target spectrum better when compares.
本文首先在势流理论和线性微幅波基础上,推导传统造波机造波原理,进一步详细地推导吸收式造波机造波原理。采用面元法,建立了二维线性数值波浪水池,并采用求解边界积分方程校核数值计算精度。通过数值模拟的结果与解析解的比较以及计算边界积分方程表明：计算精度满足要求；数值解和解析解吻合的很好。可以认为该数值波浪水池是适用的。
首次采用全相位频谱分析理论作为水动力反馈的理论基础。通过计算机构造信号源,用全相位频谱分析理论分析信号,并且与传统的频谱分析方法比较。试验结果说明：全相位频谱分析能够得到准确的频率、波高、相位。
在以上的基础上,把全相位频谱分析和数值波浪水池结合,以全相位频谱分析作为水动力反馈,分别在推板式和摇板式造波机中进行主动吸收式造波数值仿真试验。通过仿真试验表明：采用全相位频谱分析作为水动力反馈,能够有效的减弱波浪的二次反射。
为了进一步研究吸收式造波技术,以ITTC单参数谱为目标谱,采用不同的离散方法对二维随机海浪进行了仿真,并对离散的单参数谱所模拟的波高时历进行谱估计,与目标谱比较,吻合得比较好。
Thanks to the urgency for the need of ocean resources, the research on ocean engineering become more and more by the scholars domestic and international. The tank equipped with traditional wavemaker can't satisfy the demand of the research on ocean engineering. Domestic and international research organizations begin the research on the wavemaker which has absorption wave-making functions. Harbin Engineering University newly builds an ocean engineering test tank with the length by breadth by height is 50×30×10 meter. Aim at the project, the paper discusses the possibility of active absorption wave-making technology.
Firstly, base on the potential flow theory and linear micro-amplitude wave theory, the paper deduces the wave-making principle firstly for traditional wavemaker and further for absorption wavemaker in details. The panel method is adopted to build a 2D linear numerical wave tank, and the method of calculate boundary integral equation is adopted to correct numerical calculation accuracy. According to the comparation of numerical simulation results and analytical solution, and calculate boundary integral equation indicate:The calculation accuracy satisfies a request; numerical solution and analytical solution fit together very well. So the numerical wave tank is considered applicable.
All phase spectrum analysis theory is adopted as the foundation of hydrodynamic feedback for the first time. The paper constructs signal sources through the computer, analyze signals by all phase spectrum analysis theory, and compared with traditional spectrum analysis methods. Experiment results indicate: All phase spectrum analysis can get accurate frequency、amplitude and phase.
Base on the above, the paper combines all phase spectrum analysis with numerical wave tank, take all phase spectrum analysis as hydrodynamic feedback, carried on numerical simulation test of active absorption wave-making in piston-type and flap-type wavemaker respectively. The simulation test makes clear:taking all phase spectrum analysis as hydrodynamic feedback can weaken the second reflected wave effectively.
Finally, for the further research on absorption wave-making technology, this paper takes the ITTC single parameter spectrum as the target spectrum, adopts a different dispersed method to simulating 2D random ocean wave, estimates the ocean wave amplitude related to time which is simulated by the dispersed single parameter spectrum. It fit the target spectrum better when compares.
引文
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[2]Sorensen,R.M.Basic Wvae Mechanics:For Coastal and Ocean Engineers, JohnWiley and Sons,1993,16(3):87-98P
[3]俞聿修.随机波浪及其工程应用.大连理工大学出版社,2000：221-266页
[4]A.N.Willimas, W.W.Curll. Simulation of directional waves in a nmuerieal basin by a desingularized integral equation approaeh. Ocean Engineering.2000,27:603-624P
[5]孙强.模糊控制技术在造波中的应用研究.船舶力学.2002,6(4)：103-108页
[6]B.Alashary, H.Alhokail. Cuerrni-mode triangular lwave generator using CCⅡs. Microelectronics Jounral,2000,31 (4):239-243P
[7]柳淑学,吴斌,李木国等.无反射不规则波造波机系统的研究.水动力学研究与进展.2003,18(5)：532-539页
[8]杨志国.摇板式造波机性能试验研究.应用技术.2004,31(8)：11-13页
[9]杨森华.国外耐波性水池简介.海洋工程试验设备论文集.1996：128-131页
[10]Schafer, H.A, Klopman,G. Review of multidirectional active wave absorption methods. Journal of Waterway.Port. Coast and Ocean Engineering.2000,126(2):88-97P
[11]Goda Y, SuzukiY. Estimatn of ineident and refleeted waves in random Wave experiments. Proe. of ICCE'76,1976
[12]Hiromaru Hirakuchi.et al. A pplication of a piston-type absorbing wave-maker to irregular wave experiments, Coastal Engineeringin Japan.1990, Vol.33:No.1
[13]Kwon,S.H.Moon, W.M., Lee,H.S. Experimental and numerical studies on the development of a new wave absorber. Ocean Engineering.2003,30:185-203P
[14]Salter,S.H.吸收式造波机和宽式波浪槽.高恒庆译.海岸工程.1996,15(4)：67-75页
[15]王伟,徐国华,李维嘉.电液伺服冲箱式造波机控制系统研究.机械与电子.2002,No.1
[16]孟昭林,王收军,解宁等.造波机电液伺服系统.液压与气动.1994,No.4
[17]文圣常,余宙文.海浪理论与原理.科学出版社.1993：10-50页
[18]杨森华.海洋工程试验设备论文集.1996：1-17页
[19]Chia Chuen Kao and Shih Sheng Shu. Development of Absorbing Wave-maker System,International Symposium:Waves Physical and Numerical Modeling. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.1994
[20]Peter Frigaard and Miehael Brorsen. A time-domain method for separating incident and refleet irregular vaves, Coastal Engineering. 1995.24:205-215P
[21]贺五洲,戴遗山.线元上分布奇点的诱导速度势和诱导速度.哈尔滨船舶工程学院学报.1991
[22]戴遗山,段文洋.舰船在波浪中运动的势流理论.国防工业出版社.2008：11-35,207-210页
[23]孙善春.二维自由面条件的数值模拟及其应用.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2002
[24]段文洋.船舶大幅运动非线性水动力研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文.1995
[25]彭国伦Fortran95程序设计.中国电力出版社.2002
[26]蔡新功.减摇组合附体水动力性能研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文.2004：12-19页
[27]胡广书.现代信号处理教程.清华大学出版社.2004：3-51页
[28]赛缪尔著.高顺泉等译.数字信号分析.人民邮电出版社.1975
[29]孙仲康编著.快速傅立叶变换及其应用.人民邮电出版社.1982
[30]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB7辅助信号处理技术与应用.电子工业出版社.2005
[31]王兆华,候正信,苏飞.全相位FFT频谱分析.通信学报.2003,24(11A)：6-19页
[32]候正信.全相位列率滤波器的设计和实现.信号处理.2001增刊,Vol(17)：132-135页
[33]王兆华,候正信,苏飞.全相位数字滤波器.信号处理增刊.2003,Vol(19)：1-4页
[34]苏飞.带窗全相位数字滤波器设计和应用.天津大学博士论文.2003：10-26页
[35]黄晓红.全相位数字间断信号处理.天津大学博士论文.2006：1-35页
[36]王兆华.二维抽取和内插.信号处理.1987,3(4)：215-221页
[37]Wang Zhaohua. Two-dimentional Decimation and Interpolation. ntzArchiv. Bd.1988, H8:201-204P
[38]丁康,罗江凯,谢明.离散频谱时移相位差校正法.应用数学与力学.2002,23(7)：729-734页
[39]Chen Pan. Gibbs phenomenon removal and digital filtering directly through the fast foutier transform.IEEE Trans on signal processing, 2001,49(2):444-448P
[40]C.Pan. Design of a near-ideal digital filter using the FFT algorithm. IEEE Trans on signal processing,1992, Vol(40):1280P
[41]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现.清华大学出版社.1997
[2]Sorensen,R.M.Basic Wvae Mechanics:For Coastal and Ocean Engineers, JohnWiley and Sons,1993,16(3):87-98P
[3]俞聿修.随机波浪及其工程应用.大连理工大学出版社,2000：221-266页
[4]A.N.Willimas, W.W.Curll. Simulation of directional waves in a nmuerieal basin by a desingularized integral equation approaeh. Ocean Engineering.2000,27:603-624P
[5]孙强.模糊控制技术在造波中的应用研究.船舶力学.2002,6(4)：103-108页
[6]B.Alashary, H.Alhokail. Cuerrni-mode triangular lwave generator using CCⅡs. Microelectronics Jounral,2000,31 (4):239-243P
[7]柳淑学,吴斌,李木国等.无反射不规则波造波机系统的研究.水动力学研究与进展.2003,18(5)：532-539页
[8]杨志国.摇板式造波机性能试验研究.应用技术.2004,31(8)：11-13页
[9]杨森华.国外耐波性水池简介.海洋工程试验设备论文集.1996：128-131页
[10]Schafer, H.A, Klopman,G. Review of multidirectional active wave absorption methods. Journal of Waterway.Port. Coast and Ocean Engineering.2000,126(2):88-97P
[11]Goda Y, SuzukiY. Estimatn of ineident and refleeted waves in random Wave experiments. Proe. of ICCE'76,1976
[12]Hiromaru Hirakuchi.et al. A pplication of a piston-type absorbing wave-maker to irregular wave experiments, Coastal Engineeringin Japan.1990, Vol.33:No.1
[13]Kwon,S.H.Moon, W.M., Lee,H.S. Experimental and numerical studies on the development of a new wave absorber. Ocean Engineering.2003,30:185-203P
[14]Salter,S.H.吸收式造波机和宽式波浪槽.高恒庆译.海岸工程.1996,15(4)：67-75页
[15]王伟,徐国华,李维嘉.电液伺服冲箱式造波机控制系统研究.机械与电子.2002,No.1
[16]孟昭林,王收军,解宁等.造波机电液伺服系统.液压与气动.1994,No.4
[17]文圣常,余宙文.海浪理论与原理.科学出版社.1993：10-50页
[18]杨森华.海洋工程试验设备论文集.1996：1-17页
[19]Chia Chuen Kao and Shih Sheng Shu. Development of Absorbing Wave-maker System,International Symposium:Waves Physical and Numerical Modeling. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.1994
[20]Peter Frigaard and Miehael Brorsen. A time-domain method for separating incident and refleet irregular vaves, Coastal Engineering. 1995.24:205-215P
[21]贺五洲,戴遗山.线元上分布奇点的诱导速度势和诱导速度.哈尔滨船舶工程学院学报.1991
[22]戴遗山,段文洋.舰船在波浪中运动的势流理论.国防工业出版社.2008：11-35,207-210页
[23]孙善春.二维自由面条件的数值模拟及其应用.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2002
[24]段文洋.船舶大幅运动非线性水动力研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文.1995
[25]彭国伦Fortran95程序设计.中国电力出版社.2002
[26]蔡新功.减摇组合附体水动力性能研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文.2004：12-19页
[27]胡广书.现代信号处理教程.清华大学出版社.2004：3-51页
[28]赛缪尔著.高顺泉等译.数字信号分析.人民邮电出版社.1975
[29]孙仲康编著.快速傅立叶变换及其应用.人民邮电出版社.1982
[30]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB7辅助信号处理技术与应用.电子工业出版社.2005
[31]王兆华,候正信,苏飞.全相位FFT频谱分析.通信学报.2003,24(11A)：6-19页
[32]候正信.全相位列率滤波器的设计和实现.信号处理.2001增刊,Vol(17)：132-135页
[33]王兆华,候正信,苏飞.全相位数字滤波器.信号处理增刊.2003,Vol(19)：1-4页
[34]苏飞.带窗全相位数字滤波器设计和应用.天津大学博士论文.2003：10-26页
[35]黄晓红.全相位数字间断信号处理.天津大学博士论文.2006：1-35页
[36]王兆华.二维抽取和内插.信号处理.1987,3(4)：215-221页
[37]Wang Zhaohua. Two-dimentional Decimation and Interpolation. ntzArchiv. Bd.1988, H8:201-204P
[38]丁康,罗江凯,谢明.离散频谱时移相位差校正法.应用数学与力学.2002,23(7)：729-734页
[39]Chen Pan. Gibbs phenomenon removal and digital filtering directly through the fast foutier transform.IEEE Trans on signal processing, 2001,49(2):444-448P
[40]C.Pan. Design of a near-ideal digital filter using the FFT algorithm. IEEE Trans on signal processing,1992, Vol(40):1280P
[41]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现.清华大学出版社.1997