冷却器传热的数值模拟及影响因素分析
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摘要
蒸发冷却系统中通常使用开式冷却塔为冷却水等各种工艺介质降温,由于冷却水与通入的空气直接进行接触,不但导致冷却水很容易受到污染,而且严重浪费水资源。但是,将管式蒸发冷却器作为核心部件制成闭式冷却塔,由于被冷却的工质通过蛇形盘管与管外的冷空气进行热交换,不但可以使被冷却的工质免受污染,还可以将被冷却工质循环使用,因此,管式蒸发冷却器以其节能,环保及较低运行费用的优势被广泛应用于冶金,化工,纺织等行业,但目前对其换热性能及影响因素的研究还很少。
本课题在热质交换的基础上,进行合理假设,建立数学模型,得出了各种影响因素对换热性的作用规律,分析结果对冷却器优化设计提供了理论依据。为生产厂家和用户在设备选型和参数的选择中,提供有价值的参考。
Nowadays , the issue of energy is widely concerned by more and more people .To meet the need of energy-conservation and environmental protection ,technology of evaporative cooling is deeply investigated and broadly applied. The cooling tower used in evaporative cooling area are mostly opened,because the cooling water and air are direct contact ,the water is polluted.Closed cooling tower its main part is tube evaporative cooler ,the heat exchange of cooling water and air was happen in the tube,that made the water clean,so the water can be used recycled . Moreover , tube evaporative cooler has the merits of environmental protection,energy conservation,low operating cost and so on. It Call also be widely applied in the field of textile ,chemical ,metallurgy etc.Tube evaporative cooler is the new product in air-conditioning area.But the reports about its cooling performance and optimize design are rarely appeared.
In this article,based on the heat and mass exchange theoretical foundation,the mathematical model is established,and cooling effect by each kind of influence factors is analyzed.That can offer valuable reference for engineer and users.
本课题在热质交换的基础上,进行合理假设,建立数学模型,得出了各种影响因素对换热性的作用规律,分析结果对冷却器优化设计提供了理论依据。为生产厂家和用户在设备选型和参数的选择中,提供有价值的参考。
Nowadays , the issue of energy is widely concerned by more and more people .To meet the need of energy-conservation and environmental protection ,technology of evaporative cooling is deeply investigated and broadly applied. The cooling tower used in evaporative cooling area are mostly opened,because the cooling water and air are direct contact ,the water is polluted.Closed cooling tower its main part is tube evaporative cooler ,the heat exchange of cooling water and air was happen in the tube,that made the water clean,so the water can be used recycled . Moreover , tube evaporative cooler has the merits of environmental protection,energy conservation,low operating cost and so on. It Call also be widely applied in the field of textile ,chemical ,metallurgy etc.Tube evaporative cooler is the new product in air-conditioning area.But the reports about its cooling performance and optimize design are rarely appeared.
In this article,based on the heat and mass exchange theoretical foundation,the mathematical model is established,and cooling effect by each kind of influence factors is analyzed.That can offer valuable reference for engineer and users.
引文
[1].李传峰.浅议蒸发冷却器在冶金行业的应用.冶金动力.2009. 317-318
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[3].董辅祥,董欣东。节约用水原理及方法指南[M]中国建筑工业出版社,1995,121
[4].水利部南京水文水资料研究所,21世纪中国的供水[M].中国水利水电出版社,1998,81.
[5].段满清.直接蒸发冷却的数值模拟及应用研究. [湖南科技大学硕士学位论文].湘潭.湖南科技大学。2008
[6]. Banker.D.R and Shryock,H.A., A comprehensive approach to the analysis of cooling tower performance[J]. Journal of heat Transfer 1961,83(2):9339-350.
[7]. D.Pescond . An advance in plate Heat Exchanger Geometry Giving Increased Heat Transfer [J]. HTD. 1980, 10(10):73-37.
[8]. Banker.D.R and Shryock,H.A., A comprehensive approach to the analysis of cooling tower performance[J]. Journal of heat Transfer 1961,83(2):9339-350.
[9]. D.Pescond . An advance in plate Heat Exchanger Geometry Giving Increased Heat Transfer [J]. HTD. 1980, 10(10):73-37.
[10]. Pescod,D., A heat exchanger for energy saving in an air-conditioning plant[J]. ASHRAE Tranactions,1979:85(2):238-251.
[11]. Pescod,D., Unit air cooler using plastic plate heat exchanger with cooled plates[J]. Australian Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating, 1968, 22(3): 22-26
[12]. Wang, T. A., Reid, R. L., Surface wettability effect on an indirect evaporative cooling system [J]. ASHRAE Transactions. 1996, 102(1): 427-433.
[13]. Chan Wei and Vliet G C. Effect of inert Gas on Heat Transfer in aVertical channel with Failing Film[J]. ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 1997,1199(4):24-30.
[14]. Watt. J. R., "Indirect evaporative cooling”Evaporative air conditioning Handbook[M]. The industrial press, New York. 1963:204-224.
[15]. Maclaine-cross.I.L. and Banks.P. J. A general theory of wet surface heat exchanger and its application to regenerative evaporative cooling [J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1981, 103(8):578-585.
[16]. Stoitchhov, N. J., Dimitrov, G. l. Effectiveness of cross-flow plate heat exchanger for indirect evaporative cooling [J]. International journal of refrigeration, .1998.21(6): 463-471.
[17]. WEI-MON YAN. Effect of film vaporization on turbulent mixed convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical channel [J]. Int.J.Heat anMass Transfer,1995,38(4):713-722.
[18]. Kuan-Tong LEE Hon-Ling TSAI and Wei-Mon YAN. Mixed convection heat and mass transfer in vertical rectangular ducts [J]. Int.J.Heat and Mass Transfer,1997,40(7) :1621-1631.
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[27]. Ala Hasan,Kai Siren,Helsinki University of Thchoplogy Lab of HVAC,Theoretical and computational analysis of closed wet cooling towers and its applications in cooling of buildings Source:Energy and Bulidings 34(2002)477-486
[28]. Jorge Facao,Armando COliveira,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management,Faculty of Engineering,University of Porto,Poaugal,Thermal behavior of closed wet cooling towers for u∞with chilled ceilings,Source".Applied Thermal Engineering 20(2000)1225-1236
[29]. G.Gan,S.B.Riffat,L.Shao,P.Doherty,Institute of Building Technology,School of Built Environment,University of Nottinghanl,UK,Application of CFD to closed-wet cooling towers,soures :Applied Thermal Engineering 21(2001)79-82
[30]. J. L Peterson,B.D.Hunn. Experimental performance of an indirect evaporative cooler. ASHRAE Transactions, 1993, 36(1):17-26
[31].陈沛霖.论间接蒸发冷却在我国的应用前景[J].暖通空调, 1989,18(2):24-29.
[32].陈沛霖,间接蒸发冷却在我国适用性的分析[J].暖通空调,1994,24(5):3-5.
[33].陈焕新,张登春.蒸发冷却技术在我国中南地区应用的可行性研究[J].制冷,2001, 20(4): 40-43.
[34].张登春,陈焕新.蒸发冷却技术在我国干燥地区的应用研究[J].建筑热能.通风空调,2001,14(3):13-15.
[35].丁良士,王建军,姜明健.间接蒸发冷却式板式换热器的热工特性实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,1997,18(1):85-89.
[36]. Ding L S, Wang J J, Yan J, eta1. The research on evaporative cooling. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning[J],Beijing,1991:315-321.
[37].郭新川,赵茂贵.蒸发冷却换热器性能的影响因素.天津大学学报.1996,29(4):569-572
[38].任承钦,彭美君.间接蒸发冷却技术的应用研究与现状.2004,18(2)
[39].张旭,陈君红,陈沛霖.管式蒸发冷却器的解析解和验证[J].同济大学报.1998,26(4):461-465
[40].张旭.式间接蒸发冷却器传递过程火商分析及新优化模式. [J].同济人学学报,VOL28(4):457-461
[41].李永安,尚丰伟.空调用封闭式冷却塔热工行能的动态仿真及实验研究[J].制冷学报.1998(4):66-70
[42].鱼剑琳,金立文.管式蒸发冷却器水平单管外对流传质的实验研究.西安交通大学学报.1999.3(33) : 69-71
[43].杨建昆,张旭等.板式间接蒸发冷却器的优化设计.制冷空调与电力机械,2004, 5(43):43-46
[44].土晓杰,黄翔.一种新型热管间接蒸发冷却器的分析.流体机械.2004, 12(32):72-74
[45].冷却塔研究会成立暨技术交流大会论文集[C].扬州:[出版者不详].2004
[46].章立新,蒋桂忠.国内冷却塔研究与开发中的主要问题探讨[J].能源研究与信息.2001(1):7-12
[47].黄翔,刘鸣,于向阳.我国新疆地区蒸发冷却技术应用现状分析.制冷与空调,2001,6:33-38
[48].黄翔,刘鸣.蒸发冷却技术在新疆地区纺织行业应用现状分析.棉纺织技术,2004, 4(30):206-210
[49].王恒月.水蒸发冷却技术在家用空调器中的应用.制冷空调器具,2001, 11 : 13
[50].赵亮,聂劲松.用于空调的蒸发冷却装置.石油化工设备,2002, 1(31):51 -53
[51].李鹏,王丽.蒸发冷却技术在电气设备中的应用分析.河北工业大学学报,2002, 4(31):46-49
[52].宋福元,任能.两级蒸发冷却、吸收除湿空调系统在船舶中的应用.应用科技,2003,10(29):46-48
[53].陈沛霖.间接蒸发冷却在我国适用性的分析.暖通空调,1994, 5:3-5
[54].陈沛霖.蒸发冷却在空调中的应用.西安制冷,1999, 1 : 1-8
[55].陈沛霖.蒸发冷却技术在非干燥地区的应用.暖通空调,1995,25(2):24-29
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[2].范伟明.有冷凝的板式间接蒸发冷却器三维数值模拟及性能分析. [湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙.湖南大学.2006
[3].董辅祥,董欣东。节约用水原理及方法指南[M]中国建筑工业出版社,1995,121
[4].水利部南京水文水资料研究所,21世纪中国的供水[M].中国水利水电出版社,1998,81.
[5].段满清.直接蒸发冷却的数值模拟及应用研究. [湖南科技大学硕士学位论文].湘潭.湖南科技大学。2008
[6]. Banker.D.R and Shryock,H.A., A comprehensive approach to the analysis of cooling tower performance[J]. Journal of heat Transfer 1961,83(2):9339-350.
[7]. D.Pescond . An advance in plate Heat Exchanger Geometry Giving Increased Heat Transfer [J]. HTD. 1980, 10(10):73-37.
[8]. Banker.D.R and Shryock,H.A., A comprehensive approach to the analysis of cooling tower performance[J]. Journal of heat Transfer 1961,83(2):9339-350.
[9]. D.Pescond . An advance in plate Heat Exchanger Geometry Giving Increased Heat Transfer [J]. HTD. 1980, 10(10):73-37.
[10]. Pescod,D., A heat exchanger for energy saving in an air-conditioning plant[J]. ASHRAE Tranactions,1979:85(2):238-251.
[11]. Pescod,D., Unit air cooler using plastic plate heat exchanger with cooled plates[J]. Australian Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating, 1968, 22(3): 22-26
[12]. Wang, T. A., Reid, R. L., Surface wettability effect on an indirect evaporative cooling system [J]. ASHRAE Transactions. 1996, 102(1): 427-433.
[13]. Chan Wei and Vliet G C. Effect of inert Gas on Heat Transfer in aVertical channel with Failing Film[J]. ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 1997,1199(4):24-30.
[14]. Watt. J. R., "Indirect evaporative cooling”Evaporative air conditioning Handbook[M]. The industrial press, New York. 1963:204-224.
[15]. Maclaine-cross.I.L. and Banks.P. J. A general theory of wet surface heat exchanger and its application to regenerative evaporative cooling [J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1981, 103(8):578-585.
[16]. Stoitchhov, N. J., Dimitrov, G. l. Effectiveness of cross-flow plate heat exchanger for indirect evaporative cooling [J]. International journal of refrigeration, .1998.21(6): 463-471.
[17]. WEI-MON YAN. Effect of film vaporization on turbulent mixed convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical channel [J]. Int.J.Heat anMass Transfer,1995,38(4):713-722.
[18]. Kuan-Tong LEE Hon-Ling TSAI and Wei-Mon YAN. Mixed convection heat and mass transfer in vertical rectangular ducts [J]. Int.J.Heat and Mass Transfer,1997,40(7) :1621-1631.
[19].英克鲁佩勒(美)著.葛新石译.传热的基本原理[M].合肥.安徽教育出社.1985
[20].尾花英朗(日)徐中权译.热交换器手册(下册)[M].北京.机械工业出版社.1987:419-455
[21].施林德尔编,马庆芳,马重芳主译.换热器设计手册换热器原理[M].北京.机械工业出版社.1987
[22].别尔曼(前苏联),胡伦桢译.循环水的蒸发冷却[M].北京中国工业出版社.1965
[23]. P.O.Parker,R.E.Trebal.The heat mass transfer charateristics of evaporative coolers.AIChE Chem.Eng.Progr.Symp.Ser.1961, 57(32) ,38-149
[24]. L.Vilser,Warme-und Stoffzaustausch an wasserberieselten Rippenrohren,Diddertation,Universitat Stuttgar,1982
[25]. D.K.Kreid,B.M.Johnson and D.M.Faletti.Approximate analysis of heat transfei from the surface of a wet finned heat exchanger,ASMEpaper.1982,78-HT-26.
[26]. Stabat,Pascal(Ecoledes Mines de Paris,Centre d'energetique);Marchio,Dominique,Simplified model for indirect-contact evaporative cooling—tower behaviour Source:Applied Energy,V 78,n 4,August,2004,P 433-4
[27]. Ala Hasan,Kai Siren,Helsinki University of Thchoplogy Lab of HVAC,Theoretical and computational analysis of closed wet cooling towers and its applications in cooling of buildings Source:Energy and Bulidings 34(2002)477-486
[28]. Jorge Facao,Armando COliveira,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management,Faculty of Engineering,University of Porto,Poaugal,Thermal behavior of closed wet cooling towers for u∞with chilled ceilings,Source".Applied Thermal Engineering 20(2000)1225-1236
[29]. G.Gan,S.B.Riffat,L.Shao,P.Doherty,Institute of Building Technology,School of Built Environment,University of Nottinghanl,UK,Application of CFD to closed-wet cooling towers,soures :Applied Thermal Engineering 21(2001)79-82
[30]. J. L Peterson,B.D.Hunn. Experimental performance of an indirect evaporative cooler. ASHRAE Transactions, 1993, 36(1):17-26
[31].陈沛霖.论间接蒸发冷却在我国的应用前景[J].暖通空调, 1989,18(2):24-29.
[32].陈沛霖,间接蒸发冷却在我国适用性的分析[J].暖通空调,1994,24(5):3-5.
[33].陈焕新,张登春.蒸发冷却技术在我国中南地区应用的可行性研究[J].制冷,2001, 20(4): 40-43.
[34].张登春,陈焕新.蒸发冷却技术在我国干燥地区的应用研究[J].建筑热能.通风空调,2001,14(3):13-15.
[35].丁良士,王建军,姜明健.间接蒸发冷却式板式换热器的热工特性实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,1997,18(1):85-89.
[36]. Ding L S, Wang J J, Yan J, eta1. The research on evaporative cooling. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning[J],Beijing,1991:315-321.
[37].郭新川,赵茂贵.蒸发冷却换热器性能的影响因素.天津大学学报.1996,29(4):569-572
[38].任承钦,彭美君.间接蒸发冷却技术的应用研究与现状.2004,18(2)
[39].张旭,陈君红,陈沛霖.管式蒸发冷却器的解析解和验证[J].同济大学报.1998,26(4):461-465
[40].张旭.式间接蒸发冷却器传递过程火商分析及新优化模式. [J].同济人学学报,VOL28(4):457-461
[41].李永安,尚丰伟.空调用封闭式冷却塔热工行能的动态仿真及实验研究[J].制冷学报.1998(4):66-70
[42].鱼剑琳,金立文.管式蒸发冷却器水平单管外对流传质的实验研究.西安交通大学学报.1999.3(33) : 69-71
[43].杨建昆,张旭等.板式间接蒸发冷却器的优化设计.制冷空调与电力机械,2004, 5(43):43-46
[44].土晓杰,黄翔.一种新型热管间接蒸发冷却器的分析.流体机械.2004, 12(32):72-74
[45].冷却塔研究会成立暨技术交流大会论文集[C].扬州:[出版者不详].2004
[46].章立新,蒋桂忠.国内冷却塔研究与开发中的主要问题探讨[J].能源研究与信息.2001(1):7-12
[47].黄翔,刘鸣,于向阳.我国新疆地区蒸发冷却技术应用现状分析.制冷与空调,2001,6:33-38
[48].黄翔,刘鸣.蒸发冷却技术在新疆地区纺织行业应用现状分析.棉纺织技术,2004, 4(30):206-210
[49].王恒月.水蒸发冷却技术在家用空调器中的应用.制冷空调器具,2001, 11 : 13
[50].赵亮,聂劲松.用于空调的蒸发冷却装置.石油化工设备,2002, 1(31):51 -53
[51].李鹏,王丽.蒸发冷却技术在电气设备中的应用分析.河北工业大学学报,2002, 4(31):46-49
[52].宋福元,任能.两级蒸发冷却、吸收除湿空调系统在船舶中的应用.应用科技,2003,10(29):46-48
[53].陈沛霖.间接蒸发冷却在我国适用性的分析.暖通空调,1994, 5:3-5
[54].陈沛霖.蒸发冷却在空调中的应用.西安制冷,1999, 1 : 1-8
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