太湖源水中污染物的去除工艺研究
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摘要
本文根据2007年太湖水危机事件产生的主要三大因素:蓝藻腐败产物、湖底淤泥泛起及水体自身污染,采用膜法分子量分级的方法,以此来表征污染物的分子量分布。分别采用混凝、超滤、臭氧氧化及活性炭吸附工艺及其组合工艺对原水进行了处理效果的研究。同时,为了评价不同处理工艺对不同水质处理的效果,分别对蓝藻腐败产物水源、湖底底泥性水源进行了单因素研究,并且对高藻期太湖源水进行了研究,结果表明:
1.蓝藻腐败产物中以小于3kD的有机物为主,且最终产物为小分子物质,致嗅性物质主要集中在大于3kD分子量区间内。臭氧氧化可以有效去除嗅味性物质,随着接触时间的延长、投加量的增大,臭氧对蓝藻腐败产物的去除效果增加;活性炭对小分子量有机物有较好的吸附特性,活性炭的处理效果只与吸附时间有关;臭氧氧化与活性炭吸附工艺组合可以有效去除蓝藻腐败产物,出水无异味,可以高效地发挥各自的特性,具有其优越性和协同性。
2、太湖底淤泥水样分析结果显示,底泥中所含的污染物以分子量大于10kD的有机物为主。聚合氯化铝混凝处理可以有效去除分子量>10kD的有机物。随着混凝剂投加量的增加,各分子质量区间的三项指标基本呈递减趋势。在相同混凝剂投加量时,在线混凝+超滤与混凝+超滤工艺的去除率相近,且两种预处理方式都可以改善膜通量,减缓膜污染以及提高有机物的去除效果。
3、高藻期太湖水质浊度较高、有机物含量非常高,同时嗅味严重,水质波动较大,但组合工艺显现出较好的去除效果和对污染物的抗负荷特性,可以保障出水水质,经检测出水中藻类物质近于完全去除的程度,适用于突发性水危机事件的应急处理。
Putrefactive product of algae, lakebed mud and its own pollution are the main factors of Taihu’s water crisis in 2007. UF membrane method can be used to determine Molecular weight(MW) distribution of the pollutants. The experiment investigated the treatment of source water when used the technologies, such as coagulation、ultrafiltration、ozonation、activated carbon adsorption and combined process. Meanwhile, in order to investigate the removal efficiencies of different processes, the water which contain putrefactive product of algae、Lakebed mud and source water was treated respectively. The experimental results showed that:
1.The majority of organic substances in putrefactive product of algae have MWs lower than 3kD. The organics with low MW will be the final product. The odorous compounds have MWs higher than 3kD. The ozonation process can effective remove odorous compounds.It is effective in removal the pollutants with increase of O3 dose and contact time. The activated carbon adsorption is effective in removal of organic substances with lower MWs. There is good complementary relationship between ozonation and avtivated carbon adsorption in removal of organic with different MW, They can effectively play their respective characteristics.
2. The results showed that majority of organic substances in lakebed mud have MWs higher than 10kD. The coagulation process can effectively remove organic substances with higher than 10kD and have a certain extent effect in removal of odorous compounds ,The pollutants can be removed effectively with the increase of PAC dose. Coagulation/Ultrafiltration and PAC on-line coagulation/Ultrafiltration have the same removal effect at the same dose. Results showed that the pollution on the membrane surface counld be effectively reduced by adding coagulant, pollutant on membrane surface could be effectively cleaned up by regular water cleaning.
3. Taihu Lake have lots of organic substances、high turbidity and serious odor which varied with the quality. But the combined process showed effective in removal of pollutants and can protect water quality. The algae detected in the water near complete be removed , which indicates that the integrate process can surly be applied into the emergency water treatment.
1.蓝藻腐败产物中以小于3kD的有机物为主,且最终产物为小分子物质,致嗅性物质主要集中在大于3kD分子量区间内。臭氧氧化可以有效去除嗅味性物质,随着接触时间的延长、投加量的增大,臭氧对蓝藻腐败产物的去除效果增加;活性炭对小分子量有机物有较好的吸附特性,活性炭的处理效果只与吸附时间有关;臭氧氧化与活性炭吸附工艺组合可以有效去除蓝藻腐败产物,出水无异味,可以高效地发挥各自的特性,具有其优越性和协同性。
2、太湖底淤泥水样分析结果显示,底泥中所含的污染物以分子量大于10kD的有机物为主。聚合氯化铝混凝处理可以有效去除分子量>10kD的有机物。随着混凝剂投加量的增加,各分子质量区间的三项指标基本呈递减趋势。在相同混凝剂投加量时,在线混凝+超滤与混凝+超滤工艺的去除率相近,且两种预处理方式都可以改善膜通量,减缓膜污染以及提高有机物的去除效果。
3、高藻期太湖水质浊度较高、有机物含量非常高,同时嗅味严重,水质波动较大,但组合工艺显现出较好的去除效果和对污染物的抗负荷特性,可以保障出水水质,经检测出水中藻类物质近于完全去除的程度,适用于突发性水危机事件的应急处理。
Putrefactive product of algae, lakebed mud and its own pollution are the main factors of Taihu’s water crisis in 2007. UF membrane method can be used to determine Molecular weight(MW) distribution of the pollutants. The experiment investigated the treatment of source water when used the technologies, such as coagulation、ultrafiltration、ozonation、activated carbon adsorption and combined process. Meanwhile, in order to investigate the removal efficiencies of different processes, the water which contain putrefactive product of algae、Lakebed mud and source water was treated respectively. The experimental results showed that:
1.The majority of organic substances in putrefactive product of algae have MWs lower than 3kD. The organics with low MW will be the final product. The odorous compounds have MWs higher than 3kD. The ozonation process can effective remove odorous compounds.It is effective in removal the pollutants with increase of O3 dose and contact time. The activated carbon adsorption is effective in removal of organic substances with lower MWs. There is good complementary relationship between ozonation and avtivated carbon adsorption in removal of organic with different MW, They can effectively play their respective characteristics.
2. The results showed that majority of organic substances in lakebed mud have MWs higher than 10kD. The coagulation process can effectively remove organic substances with higher than 10kD and have a certain extent effect in removal of odorous compounds ,The pollutants can be removed effectively with the increase of PAC dose. Coagulation/Ultrafiltration and PAC on-line coagulation/Ultrafiltration have the same removal effect at the same dose. Results showed that the pollution on the membrane surface counld be effectively reduced by adding coagulant, pollutant on membrane surface could be effectively cleaned up by regular water cleaning.
3. Taihu Lake have lots of organic substances、high turbidity and serious odor which varied with the quality. But the combined process showed effective in removal of pollutants and can protect water quality. The algae detected in the water near complete be removed , which indicates that the integrate process can surly be applied into the emergency water treatment.
引文
1.吴泰来.21世纪初太湖流域的水问题及其对策初探[J].水利发展研究,2001.01
2.王华,陈荷生,秦忠.太湖流域省界水体水污染状况及对策建议水资源保护[J].水资源保护,2002.2
3.陈荷生.太湖的富营养化及NP污染的治理[J].水文水资源,2001,22(3):17-20
4.王占生,刘文君.微污染水源饮用水处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999,3-7
5. K.Konieczny,G.Klomfas.Surface water treatment in processes : microfiltration and integrated system adsorption on active carbon-microfiltration.Inzynieria Ochrona Sradowiska,1999,2(2): 205-220
6.吴舜泽.饮用水深度净化工艺学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.146-147
7. Tasushi takeuchi,Kazuhiro Mochiaxuki,Noiryuki Matsunobu,et al.Removal of organic substances from water by ozone treatment followed by biological activated carbon treatment[J].Wat Sci Tech 1997,35(7):171-178
8. Woo Hang Kim,Wataru Nishijima,Eiji Shoto,et al.Competitive removal of dissolved organic carbon by adsorption and bidegragation on biological activated carbon[J].Wat Sci Tech,1997,35(7):147-153
9.王占生,刘文君.我国给水深度处理应用状况与发展趋势[J].中国给水排水, 2005, 21(9):35~37
10.严煦世,范瑾初.给水工程(第四版)[J].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1999
11. Yasumoto Magara.Advanced membrane technology for application to water treatment.Journal of Water Science and Technology,1998,37(10):91-99
12.欧美环境工程有限公司.超滤技术在饮用水深度处理上的应用.中国建设信息水工业网,2005-10-25
13.张颖,顾平,齐庚申.膜技术应用于饮用水处理的进展[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(5):29-32
14.董秉直.超滤膜与混凝、粉末活性炭联用处理微污染原水.同济大学工学博士学位论文,2002
15. Laine J M.Membrane technology and its application to drinking water production. International Workshop on membrane Application for Watef&Wastewater Treatment,1999
16. Laine J M,Vail D,Moulart P.Status after 10 years of operation-overview of UF technology today.Conference on Membranes in Drinking and Industrial Water Production[C].L'Aquila: Desalination Publication 2000, 1:17-25
17.邵刚.膜法水处理技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
18. Bruno Langlais Ozone in Water Treatment-Application and Engineering[M].Michigan:Lewis Publishiers, 1992
19.吴舜泽,王宝贞.水中有机物和水处理工艺相关性分析[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(6):53-58
20.蒋绍源,刘宗源.UV254作为水处理中有机物控制指标的意义[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,24(2):62-65
21.王学云,高乃云.水中藻类的嗅味及去除方法[J].净水技术,1999,67(6):36-39
22.张晓健,张悦.无锡自来水事件的城市供水应急除臭处理技术[J].给水排水,2007,33(9):7-12
23.马培忠,董典同.饮用水深度处理技术探讨[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2003,24(2):33-38
24.滑丽萍,郝红,李宝贵等.河湖底泥的生物修复研究进展[J].中国水利水电科学研究学报,2005,3(2):124-129
25.朱广伟,陈英旭.沉积物中有机质的环境行为研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(3):272-279.
26.张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,罗潋葱等.太湖水体中悬浮物研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(3):266-271
27. Line J M,Vial D,Moulart P.Status after 10 years of operation-overview of UF technology today.[J].Desalination,2000,131:17-25
28.董秉直,曹达文,范谨初.膜技术应用于净水处理的研究和现状[J].给水排水,1999,25(2):28-31
29.秉直,曹达文,龚海宁等.混凝和超滤膜联用处理淮河水的中试试验[J].水处理技术,2004,30(6):356-358
30.胡海修,孔繁钮,吴爱兵等.中空纤维超滤膜净化长江水的试验研究,2003年中日水处理技术国际交流会[C].长春:2003.31-33
31.时钧,袁权,高从凯.膜技术手册[J].北京:化学工艺出版社,2001.18-19
32.董秉直,曹达文,范瑾初.膜技术应用于净水处理的研究和现状[J].给水排水,1999,25(1): 28-31
33.王晓昌,王锦.混凝-超滤去除腐殖酸的试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(3):18-22
34.陈美.淡水藻毒素的种类、生物学习性及其检测方法[J].安徽农业科学.2002,30(5):821-822 Chen Mei.The determination of algae toxin in freshwater[J].Journal Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2002,30(5):821-822(in Chinese)
35.周宏.杭州西湖水体中叶绿素a含量与水质的关系[J].浙江大学学报:理学版.2001,28(4):
439-442 Zhou Hong.Quantity of chlorophylla and water quanlity in the West Lake,Hangzhou[J].Jounalof Zhejiang University:Science Edition,2001,28(4):439-442(in Chinese)
36. Ston J,Kosakowska A.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Baltic phytoplankton pigments[J].Oceanologia,2000,42(4):449-471
37.金鹏康,王晓昌,王洪波.水中腐殖酸的臭氧化特性研究.西安建筑科技大学学报,2000,32 (4):334-337
38. Ferguson DW,Gramith JT,Mcguire MT.Applying ozone for organics control and disinfection a utility perapective,controlling disinfection by-products[J],AWWA,1993,85(1):64-71
39. Volatile.J F.Odorous excretion products of algae and there occurrence in the natural aquatic environment.Wat Sci Tech,1982,15:14-18
40.丁桓如,闻人勤.水处理活性炭的选择问题[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(7):19-22
41.上海市自来水市北有限公司,上海城市污染控制工程研究中心.适用于上海黄浦江原水处理的活性炭筛选试验研究项目技术报告2005,5.11
42.王占生,刘文君.微污染水源饮用水处理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
2.王华,陈荷生,秦忠.太湖流域省界水体水污染状况及对策建议水资源保护[J].水资源保护,2002.2
3.陈荷生.太湖的富营养化及NP污染的治理[J].水文水资源,2001,22(3):17-20
4.王占生,刘文君.微污染水源饮用水处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999,3-7
5. K.Konieczny,G.Klomfas.Surface water treatment in processes : microfiltration and integrated system adsorption on active carbon-microfiltration.Inzynieria Ochrona Sradowiska,1999,2(2): 205-220
6.吴舜泽.饮用水深度净化工艺学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988.146-147
7. Tasushi takeuchi,Kazuhiro Mochiaxuki,Noiryuki Matsunobu,et al.Removal of organic substances from water by ozone treatment followed by biological activated carbon treatment[J].Wat Sci Tech 1997,35(7):171-178
8. Woo Hang Kim,Wataru Nishijima,Eiji Shoto,et al.Competitive removal of dissolved organic carbon by adsorption and bidegragation on biological activated carbon[J].Wat Sci Tech,1997,35(7):147-153
9.王占生,刘文君.我国给水深度处理应用状况与发展趋势[J].中国给水排水, 2005, 21(9):35~37
10.严煦世,范瑾初.给水工程(第四版)[J].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1999
11. Yasumoto Magara.Advanced membrane technology for application to water treatment.Journal of Water Science and Technology,1998,37(10):91-99
12.欧美环境工程有限公司.超滤技术在饮用水深度处理上的应用.中国建设信息水工业网,2005-10-25
13.张颖,顾平,齐庚申.膜技术应用于饮用水处理的进展[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(5):29-32
14.董秉直.超滤膜与混凝、粉末活性炭联用处理微污染原水.同济大学工学博士学位论文,2002
15. Laine J M.Membrane technology and its application to drinking water production. International Workshop on membrane Application for Watef&Wastewater Treatment,1999
16. Laine J M,Vail D,Moulart P.Status after 10 years of operation-overview of UF technology today.Conference on Membranes in Drinking and Industrial Water Production[C].L'Aquila: Desalination Publication 2000, 1:17-25
17.邵刚.膜法水处理技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
18. Bruno Langlais Ozone in Water Treatment-Application and Engineering[M].Michigan:Lewis Publishiers, 1992
19.吴舜泽,王宝贞.水中有机物和水处理工艺相关性分析[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(6):53-58
20.蒋绍源,刘宗源.UV254作为水处理中有机物控制指标的意义[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,24(2):62-65
21.王学云,高乃云.水中藻类的嗅味及去除方法[J].净水技术,1999,67(6):36-39
22.张晓健,张悦.无锡自来水事件的城市供水应急除臭处理技术[J].给水排水,2007,33(9):7-12
23.马培忠,董典同.饮用水深度处理技术探讨[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2003,24(2):33-38
24.滑丽萍,郝红,李宝贵等.河湖底泥的生物修复研究进展[J].中国水利水电科学研究学报,2005,3(2):124-129
25.朱广伟,陈英旭.沉积物中有机质的环境行为研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(3):272-279.
26.张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,罗潋葱等.太湖水体中悬浮物研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(3):266-271
27. Line J M,Vial D,Moulart P.Status after 10 years of operation-overview of UF technology today.[J].Desalination,2000,131:17-25
28.董秉直,曹达文,范谨初.膜技术应用于净水处理的研究和现状[J].给水排水,1999,25(2):28-31
29.秉直,曹达文,龚海宁等.混凝和超滤膜联用处理淮河水的中试试验[J].水处理技术,2004,30(6):356-358
30.胡海修,孔繁钮,吴爱兵等.中空纤维超滤膜净化长江水的试验研究,2003年中日水处理技术国际交流会[C].长春:2003.31-33
31.时钧,袁权,高从凯.膜技术手册[J].北京:化学工艺出版社,2001.18-19
32.董秉直,曹达文,范瑾初.膜技术应用于净水处理的研究和现状[J].给水排水,1999,25(1): 28-31
33.王晓昌,王锦.混凝-超滤去除腐殖酸的试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(3):18-22
34.陈美.淡水藻毒素的种类、生物学习性及其检测方法[J].安徽农业科学.2002,30(5):821-822 Chen Mei.The determination of algae toxin in freshwater[J].Journal Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2002,30(5):821-822(in Chinese)
35.周宏.杭州西湖水体中叶绿素a含量与水质的关系[J].浙江大学学报:理学版.2001,28(4):
439-442 Zhou Hong.Quantity of chlorophylla and water quanlity in the West Lake,Hangzhou[J].Jounalof Zhejiang University:Science Edition,2001,28(4):439-442(in Chinese)
36. Ston J,Kosakowska A.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Baltic phytoplankton pigments[J].Oceanologia,2000,42(4):449-471
37.金鹏康,王晓昌,王洪波.水中腐殖酸的臭氧化特性研究.西安建筑科技大学学报,2000,32 (4):334-337
38. Ferguson DW,Gramith JT,Mcguire MT.Applying ozone for organics control and disinfection a utility perapective,controlling disinfection by-products[J],AWWA,1993,85(1):64-71
39. Volatile.J F.Odorous excretion products of algae and there occurrence in the natural aquatic environment.Wat Sci Tech,1982,15:14-18
40.丁桓如,闻人勤.水处理活性炭的选择问题[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(7):19-22
41.上海市自来水市北有限公司,上海城市污染控制工程研究中心.适用于上海黄浦江原水处理的活性炭筛选试验研究项目技术报告2005,5.11
42.王占生,刘文君.微污染水源饮用水处理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999