不同吸附剂对锦鲤饲喂霉变饲料的脱毒效果研究
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摘要
本试验旨在研究脱霉素对黄曲霉毒素的吸附能力和霉菌毒素及不同吸附剂对锦鲤血清学生化指标及肝脏重量的影响。试验分三部分：1.用不同浓度的脱霉素与不同浓度的黄曲霉毒素作用,观察其吸附效果,以探求脱霉素在含黄曲霉毒素饲料中的适宜用量；2.将黄曲霉毒素及不同吸附剂以不同组合方式作用于锦鲤,观察其对锦鲤血清学生化指标及肝脏重量的影响；3.将呕吐霉素及不同吸附剂以不同组合方式作用于锦鲤,观察其对锦鲤血清学生化指标及肝脏重量的影响。试验结果表明：1脱霉素对黄曲霉毒素的吸附作用
(1)添加0.03%浓度的脱霉素对10ppb污染水平的饲料的吸附能力可以达到80%以上,而对较高浓度AFB1的吸附能力稍低,仅60%多；(2)添加0.06%脱霉素对AFB1的吸附能力均可高于80%以上；(3)对于较高浓度的AFB1(50ppb),添加0.09%脱霉素对AFB1的吸附能力也均高于90%,最高可达95%；(4)对于中等质量的饲料原料脱霉素预防使用推荐用量为0.06%是合适的,对于质量较好的原料使用脱霉素0.03%也可有效地保证将80%以上的黄曲霉毒素脱除。
2 AFB1及不同吸附剂对锦鲤血清学生化指标和肝脏重量的影响
(1)AFB1、脱霉素和葡配甘露寡糖(EGM)对锦鲤的血清AST、ALT活性及肝脏重量没有显著影响(P>0.05)；(2)AFB1能显著提高锦鲤血清AST、ALT的活性(P<0.05)；(3)脱霉素和EGM均可抑制AFB1添加条件下AST、ALT活性的增加,其中脱霉素对ALT的抑制达到显著水平(P<0.05),EGM对两者的抑制均达到显著水平(P<0.05)；(4)两者的作用效果相比,EGM要优于脱霉素。
3 DON及不同吸附剂对锦鲤血清学生化指标和肝脏重量的影响
(1)DON、脱霉素和EGM对锦鲤的血清AST、ALT活性没有影响,但脱霉素显著的抑制了肝脏增重(P<0.05)；(2)低剂量的DON对血清AST、ALT活性的影响不显著(P>0.05),而高剂量的DON可以显著提高AST活性(P<0.05)；(3)脱霉素无法抑制高剂量DON存在时血清AST和ALT活性的提高,但EGM能起到一定作用,其中对ALT的抑制达到显著水平(P<0.05)；(4)从血清生化指标来看,EGM的效果较好,而脱霉素在抑制肝脏增重方面效果较好。
综上所述,脱霉素能够有效的去除霉变饲料中的黄曲霉毒素；脱霉素和EGM在抑制锦鲤血清AST、ALT活性升高,抑制肝脏增重方面有很好的效果,但是不能完全解除霉菌毒素对锦鲤带来的影响。
This study was designed to research the adsorptive capacity of detoxifier on aflatoxin and study on detoxification effects of different adsorbents on Fancy Carp fed with mould feedstuff. The experiment was divided into three parts:1.to research the adsorptive capacity of detoxifier in different levels on aflatoxin in different levels and probe the suitable dose of detoxifier in feedstuff contaminated by aflatoxin; 2.Combine the aflatoxin and different adsorbents in different proportions to study the effects on serum biochemical indices and liver weight of Fancy Carp; 3.Combine the vomitoxin and different adsorbents in different proportions to study the effects on serum biochemical indices and liver weight of Fancy Carp. The results showed that:
1.The adsorptive capacity of detoxifier on aflatoxin
(1)The adsorptive capacity of detoxifier added in 0.03% level on aflatoxin in 1 Oppb level was more than 80%, but about 60% merely on aflatoxin in higher lever;(2) The adsorptive capacity of detoxifier added in 0.06% level on aflatoxin in all levels were more than 80%;(3) The adsorptive capacity of detoxifier added in 0.09% level on aflatoxin in 50ppb level was more than 90%, and could up to 95%;(4) Detoxifier added in 0.06% level was suitable for feedstuff in medium quality and added in 0.06% level could guarantee the adsorptive capacity more than 80% on feedstuff in better quality.
2.Effects of aflatoxin and different adsorbents on serum biochemical indices and liver weight of Fancy Carp
(1)The effects of aflatoxin, detoxifier and EGM on activity of serum AST and ALT and liver weight were not significant(P>0.05); (2)The activity of serum AST and ALT could be lift by aflatoxin significantly(P<0.05);(3)Both detoxifier and EGM could inhibit the activity of serum AST and ALT in condition of aflatoxin, the inhibit effects of detoxifier on ALT and EGM on both of them were significant(P<0.05); (4)The effects of EGM were better than detoxifier.
3. Effects of vomitoxin and different adsorbents on serum biochemical indices
(1) The effects of DON, detoxifier and EGM on activity of serum AST and ALT were not significant(P>0.05), but detoxifier inhibited liver weight significantly (P< 0.05);(2) Activity of serum AST and ALT was not lift by DON in low level, but AST was inhibited by DON in high level significantly (P<0.05);(3)The activity of serum AST and ALT could not be inhibit by detoxifier in condition of DON in high level, but EGM could inhibit the ALT significantly(P<0.05);(4)The effects of EGM were good at serum biochemical indices and detoxifier were good at inhibit the liver weight.
In summary, detoxifier could clean the aflatoxin in feedstuff effectively; The effects of detoxifier and EGM on inhibit the activity of AST and ALT and liver weight were significant, but could not solve the problem totally.
(1)添加0.03%浓度的脱霉素对10ppb污染水平的饲料的吸附能力可以达到80%以上,而对较高浓度AFB1的吸附能力稍低,仅60%多；(2)添加0.06%脱霉素对AFB1的吸附能力均可高于80%以上；(3)对于较高浓度的AFB1(50ppb),添加0.09%脱霉素对AFB1的吸附能力也均高于90%,最高可达95%；(4)对于中等质量的饲料原料脱霉素预防使用推荐用量为0.06%是合适的,对于质量较好的原料使用脱霉素0.03%也可有效地保证将80%以上的黄曲霉毒素脱除。
2 AFB1及不同吸附剂对锦鲤血清学生化指标和肝脏重量的影响
(1)AFB1、脱霉素和葡配甘露寡糖(EGM)对锦鲤的血清AST、ALT活性及肝脏重量没有显著影响(P>0.05)；(2)AFB1能显著提高锦鲤血清AST、ALT的活性(P<0.05)；(3)脱霉素和EGM均可抑制AFB1添加条件下AST、ALT活性的增加,其中脱霉素对ALT的抑制达到显著水平(P<0.05),EGM对两者的抑制均达到显著水平(P<0.05)；(4)两者的作用效果相比,EGM要优于脱霉素。
3 DON及不同吸附剂对锦鲤血清学生化指标和肝脏重量的影响
(1)DON、脱霉素和EGM对锦鲤的血清AST、ALT活性没有影响,但脱霉素显著的抑制了肝脏增重(P<0.05)；(2)低剂量的DON对血清AST、ALT活性的影响不显著(P>0.05),而高剂量的DON可以显著提高AST活性(P<0.05)；(3)脱霉素无法抑制高剂量DON存在时血清AST和ALT活性的提高,但EGM能起到一定作用,其中对ALT的抑制达到显著水平(P<0.05)；(4)从血清生化指标来看,EGM的效果较好,而脱霉素在抑制肝脏增重方面效果较好。
综上所述,脱霉素能够有效的去除霉变饲料中的黄曲霉毒素；脱霉素和EGM在抑制锦鲤血清AST、ALT活性升高,抑制肝脏增重方面有很好的效果,但是不能完全解除霉菌毒素对锦鲤带来的影响。
This study was designed to research the adsorptive capacity of detoxifier on aflatoxin and study on detoxification effects of different adsorbents on Fancy Carp fed with mould feedstuff. The experiment was divided into three parts:1.to research the adsorptive capacity of detoxifier in different levels on aflatoxin in different levels and probe the suitable dose of detoxifier in feedstuff contaminated by aflatoxin; 2.Combine the aflatoxin and different adsorbents in different proportions to study the effects on serum biochemical indices and liver weight of Fancy Carp; 3.Combine the vomitoxin and different adsorbents in different proportions to study the effects on serum biochemical indices and liver weight of Fancy Carp. The results showed that:
1.The adsorptive capacity of detoxifier on aflatoxin
(1)The adsorptive capacity of detoxifier added in 0.03% level on aflatoxin in 1 Oppb level was more than 80%, but about 60% merely on aflatoxin in higher lever;(2) The adsorptive capacity of detoxifier added in 0.06% level on aflatoxin in all levels were more than 80%;(3) The adsorptive capacity of detoxifier added in 0.09% level on aflatoxin in 50ppb level was more than 90%, and could up to 95%;(4) Detoxifier added in 0.06% level was suitable for feedstuff in medium quality and added in 0.06% level could guarantee the adsorptive capacity more than 80% on feedstuff in better quality.
2.Effects of aflatoxin and different adsorbents on serum biochemical indices and liver weight of Fancy Carp
(1)The effects of aflatoxin, detoxifier and EGM on activity of serum AST and ALT and liver weight were not significant(P>0.05); (2)The activity of serum AST and ALT could be lift by aflatoxin significantly(P<0.05);(3)Both detoxifier and EGM could inhibit the activity of serum AST and ALT in condition of aflatoxin, the inhibit effects of detoxifier on ALT and EGM on both of them were significant(P<0.05); (4)The effects of EGM were better than detoxifier.
3. Effects of vomitoxin and different adsorbents on serum biochemical indices
(1) The effects of DON, detoxifier and EGM on activity of serum AST and ALT were not significant(P>0.05), but detoxifier inhibited liver weight significantly (P< 0.05);(2) Activity of serum AST and ALT was not lift by DON in low level, but AST was inhibited by DON in high level significantly (P<0.05);(3)The activity of serum AST and ALT could not be inhibit by detoxifier in condition of DON in high level, but EGM could inhibit the ALT significantly(P<0.05);(4)The effects of EGM were good at serum biochemical indices and detoxifier were good at inhibit the liver weight.
In summary, detoxifier could clean the aflatoxin in feedstuff effectively; The effects of detoxifier and EGM on inhibit the activity of AST and ALT and liver weight were significant, but could not solve the problem totally.
引文
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