汽车发动机构造虚拟仿真实训系统开发研究
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摘要
随着计算机软硬件的发展，各种虚拟仿真实验室软件大量出现，随着网络带宽的快速提升，网络学习也正在逐渐改变教与学的方式。作者在综合分析了国内外虚拟实验室建设情况和虚拟现实技术发展现状后，发现多数虚拟实验室技术只重视对3Ｄ图形引擎的研究，而没有对物理引擎进行研究;在教学形式上，仅实现了验证性实验，而不能进行探究式学习。因此，本研究围绕汽车发动机构造虚拟实训教学这一主题，展开探索。因此，本研究在全面阐述虚拟现实技术及物理引擎相关理论的基础上，设计开发了虚拟实训平台，提出了适合虚拟仿真实训教学的新模式。具体内容如下：
1.对几种被广泛应用于虚拟实训的虚拟现实技术进行分析。
（1）通过实际实验对比，发现中视典VRP在仿真效果、易用性等方面优于其他软件,因此选择中视典VRP作为虚拟实训设计软件。
（2）对几种现有虚拟实验程序进行对比，得出只有采用物理引擎才能使虚拟仿真实训具备真实的交互功能这一结论，并对几种主流物理引擎技术进行研究。
2.对虚拟实训教学模式进行研究。
分析了传统实训教学与虚拟实训教学的差异，根据虚拟实训的特点，依据教育理论设计了新的教学模式。最后对采用新教学模式进行的教学实验效果进行分析和总结。
3.发动机构造虚拟实训系统的设计与实现。
分析了虚拟实训要达到的效果，探讨了设计虚拟实训系统所用的方法和手段。
With the rapid development of computer technology, it has not only changed the waypeople live and work, but also for the way people learn something. Now, using the computerand multimedia technology to assist teaching is very popular. With the rapid increase ofnetwork bandwidth, is gradually from nature to change the way of teaching and learning.With the development of virtual reality technology, practice teaching is also graduallymoving towards virtualization, virtual simulation laboratory software appeared in largenumbers. After a comprehensive analysis of the domestic and foreign construction of virtuallaboratory and virtual reality technology development status, the author found the majorityof virtual laboratory technology attached only to the3D graphics engine research. Althoughgraphic of the virtual experiment environment display vivid effect, the virtual environmentdoes not have true physical attributes and laboratory. As a result, students can’t experiencethe real experiment and the learning effect. In addition, it can’t meet the need of students'Inquiry Learning. The author in the virtual simulation methods for teaching the process alsofound that network virtual simulation teaching mode and traditional teaching mode also havevery big difference. The traditional teaching mode cannot play virtual simulation teachingvery well, so only by establishing a new teaching pattern can make the virtual simulationteaching to achieve the best effect. Based on the analysis of the physics engine technology invirtual training teaching application, the author elaborated the virtual reality technology andphysics engine theory, and put forward a new teaching model in virtual simulation training.And the author has a practical application in Teaching, to my surprise, which got the betterteaching effect. The specific content of this paper are summarized as follows：
1.Several widely used in virtual training virtual reality technology for analysis：
(1)Through the actual experiments, the author found VRP in simulation results, ease ofuse and other aspects is superior to other software. So choose VRP as the Virtual trainingsoftware.
(2)After the several existing virtual experimental procedures are compared, only thephysics engine to make virtual simulation with the real interactive function can be concluded.And some mainstream physics engine technology is being researched.
2.On virtual practice teaching mode research.
Analyzed the traditional teaching and virtual training teaching method. According tosome characteristics of virtual training in Teaching, and according to the education theory tothe design of the new teaching mode. The new teaching mode of experiment teaching effectis analyzed and summarized in the end.
3.Engine structure virtual training system design and Implementation.
Analyzed the virtual training to achieve results, and probed into the design of virtualtraining system by using the method and means.
1.对几种被广泛应用于虚拟实训的虚拟现实技术进行分析。
（1）通过实际实验对比，发现中视典VRP在仿真效果、易用性等方面优于其他软件,因此选择中视典VRP作为虚拟实训设计软件。
（2）对几种现有虚拟实验程序进行对比，得出只有采用物理引擎才能使虚拟仿真实训具备真实的交互功能这一结论，并对几种主流物理引擎技术进行研究。
2.对虚拟实训教学模式进行研究。
分析了传统实训教学与虚拟实训教学的差异，根据虚拟实训的特点，依据教育理论设计了新的教学模式。最后对采用新教学模式进行的教学实验效果进行分析和总结。
3.发动机构造虚拟实训系统的设计与实现。
分析了虚拟实训要达到的效果，探讨了设计虚拟实训系统所用的方法和手段。
With the rapid development of computer technology, it has not only changed the waypeople live and work, but also for the way people learn something. Now, using the computerand multimedia technology to assist teaching is very popular. With the rapid increase ofnetwork bandwidth, is gradually from nature to change the way of teaching and learning.With the development of virtual reality technology, practice teaching is also graduallymoving towards virtualization, virtual simulation laboratory software appeared in largenumbers. After a comprehensive analysis of the domestic and foreign construction of virtuallaboratory and virtual reality technology development status, the author found the majorityof virtual laboratory technology attached only to the3D graphics engine research. Althoughgraphic of the virtual experiment environment display vivid effect, the virtual environmentdoes not have true physical attributes and laboratory. As a result, students can’t experiencethe real experiment and the learning effect. In addition, it can’t meet the need of students'Inquiry Learning. The author in the virtual simulation methods for teaching the process alsofound that network virtual simulation teaching mode and traditional teaching mode also havevery big difference. The traditional teaching mode cannot play virtual simulation teachingvery well, so only by establishing a new teaching pattern can make the virtual simulationteaching to achieve the best effect. Based on the analysis of the physics engine technology invirtual training teaching application, the author elaborated the virtual reality technology andphysics engine theory, and put forward a new teaching model in virtual simulation training.And the author has a practical application in Teaching, to my surprise, which got the betterteaching effect. The specific content of this paper are summarized as follows：
1.Several widely used in virtual training virtual reality technology for analysis：
(1)Through the actual experiments, the author found VRP in simulation results, ease ofuse and other aspects is superior to other software. So choose VRP as the Virtual trainingsoftware.
(2)After the several existing virtual experimental procedures are compared, only thephysics engine to make virtual simulation with the real interactive function can be concluded.And some mainstream physics engine technology is being researched.
2.On virtual practice teaching mode research.
Analyzed the traditional teaching and virtual training teaching method. According tosome characteristics of virtual training in Teaching, and according to the education theory tothe design of the new teaching mode. The new teaching mode of experiment teaching effectis analyzed and summarized in the end.
3.Engine structure virtual training system design and Implementation.
Analyzed the virtual training to achieve results, and probed into the design of virtualtraining system by using the method and means.
引文
[1]万力勇.适应性E-Learning系统：现状与趋势[J].现代教育技术，2011(9)：94-97.
[2]《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》（2010-2020年）.
[3]赵蔚，段红.虚拟现实软件研究[J].计算机技术与发展，2012(02)：235-239.
[4]戴士弘.职业教育课程教学改革.北京：清华大学出版社，2007.
[5]张晋.高等职业教育实践教学体系构建研究[D].上海：华东师范大学，2008.
[6]闫娜.生产实训全场景仿真技术研究[D].大连理工大学，2008.
[7]霍雪莲.高职职业活动导向课程模式构建的探讨[J].青年与社会中外教育研究，2011(07)：100-101.
[8]王永锋，何克抗.建构主义学习环境的国际前沿研究述评[J].中国电化教育，2010(03)：14-21.
[9] D. A. Bowman, D. Koller, L. F. Hodges. A methodology for the evaluation oftravel techniques for immersive virtual environments[J]. Virtual Reality,1998:120-131.
[10]A Pérez Acal, A SanzLobera. Virtual reality simulation applied to a numericalcontrol milling machine[j]. International Journal on Interactive Design andManufacturing,2007:143-154.
[11]Kaiser E, AlexO, DavidM, HrvojeB, AndreaC, XiaoguangL, PhilC, StevenF.Mutual Disambiguation of3D Multimodal Interaction in Augmented and VirtualReality. COMPUTER SCIENCE,2006:11-20.
[12]Arjan J. F. Kok and Robert van Liere. A multimodal virtual reality interface for3D interaction with VTK[J]. Knowledge And Information Systems,2007:197-219.
[13]Laurent A. Nguyen, Maria Bualat. Virtual Reality Interfaces for Visualization andControl of Remote Vehicles. Autonomous Robots,2001:59-68.
[14]付达杰.虚拟现实与教育研究的文献计量学分析[J].北京联合大学学报（自然科学版），2011(4)：47-51.
[15]朱万侠.《摄影技术》网络虚拟实验平台的设计与开发[D].武汉：华中师范大学，2011.
[16]石中军.虚拟实验教学应用研究[D].大连：辽宁师范大学，2008.
[17]The PhET Project AtThe University Of Colorado[EB/OL].2012-4-20.http://phet.colorado.edu.
[18]Gerald Eichler. e-Learning and Communities, Supporting the Circulation ofKnowledge Pieces[J]. Innovative Internet Community Systems,2003:179-195.
[19]2Ekaterina Vasilyeva, MykolaPechenizkiy. Adaptation of Elaborated Feedbackin e-Learning[J]. Computer Science,2008:235-244.
[20]3Anthony Savidis, DimitrisGrammenos and Constantine Stephanidis.Developing inclusive e-learning systems[J]. Universal Access In The InformationSociety,2006:51-72.
[21]4Daniele Giansanti, L. Castrichella and M.R. Giovagnoli.E-learning for Laureain Biomedical laboratory Technicians: a feasibility study[J]. IFMBE Proceedings,2007:749-751.
[22]李兴福.面向职业学院的E-Learning学生在线自测系统[D].济南：山东大学，2008.
[23]周雪松，丰美丽等.虚拟实验技术的研究现状及发展趋势[J].自动化仪表，2008(04)：4-7.
[24]陈敏，刘晓秋等.基于VRML技术虚拟机械设计实验室的研究[J].机械设计，2007(02)：71-73.
[25]白娟.虚拟实验教学及其设计研究[D].西安：陕西师范大学，2005.
[26]丘威.基于Java3D的三维模型交互设计系统的开发与应用[J].微电子学与计算机，2008(11):201-204.
[27]陈琛.几何量检测实验的Java3D虚拟环境实现[D].长春：吉林大学，2006.
[28]葛岩，杨雪. Virtools技术在网络虚拟实验中的应用[J].实验室研究与探索，2010（10）：214-218.
[29]李方正.基于VR-Platform的虚拟现实技术在教学中应用[J].科技信息，2012(09):192-193.
[30]段化鹏.虚拟现实中物理引擎关键技术的研究与应用[D].山东：山东科技大学，2010.
[31]DavidM. Bourg游戏开发物理学[M].电子工业出版社，2004.
[32]Irish company Havok[EB/OL].2012-4-20. http://www.havok.com/.
[33]NVIDIA.英伟达公司geforce产品介绍[EB/OL].2012-4-20.http://www.geforce.com.
[34]冀巧玲.基于VR-Platform的中学物理虚拟实验的设计与开发[D].山东师范大学，2011.
[35]Crazy Machines3-New from the lab[EB/OL].2012-4-20.http://www.crazymachinesgame.com.
[36]瑞典Algoryx Simulation AB公司[EB/OL].2012-4-20. http://www.algodoo.com.
[37]李红.基于Java3D的立体几何教学辅助系统的研究[D].大连交通大学，2005.
[38]杨斌.高职院校实验教学的探索[J].四川教育学院学报.2008(6):100-101.
[39]胡树煜.王琢.传统与虚拟实验教学的应用比较[J].电脑编程技巧与维护，2009(12):118-120.
[40]李雪.终身学习平台的学习工具集服务设计与开发[D].上海：华东师范大学，2010.
[41]于素芬.基于Moodle平台的研究性学习的实践研究[D].济南：山东师范大学，2008.
[42]张申生.引进创新走向一流_上海交大密西根学院的工程教育改革探索[J].高等工程教育研究，2011(02):22-32.
[2]《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》（2010-2020年）.
[3]赵蔚，段红.虚拟现实软件研究[J].计算机技术与发展，2012(02)：235-239.
[4]戴士弘.职业教育课程教学改革.北京：清华大学出版社，2007.
[5]张晋.高等职业教育实践教学体系构建研究[D].上海：华东师范大学，2008.
[6]闫娜.生产实训全场景仿真技术研究[D].大连理工大学，2008.
[7]霍雪莲.高职职业活动导向课程模式构建的探讨[J].青年与社会中外教育研究，2011(07)：100-101.
[8]王永锋，何克抗.建构主义学习环境的国际前沿研究述评[J].中国电化教育，2010(03)：14-21.
[9] D. A. Bowman, D. Koller, L. F. Hodges. A methodology for the evaluation oftravel techniques for immersive virtual environments[J]. Virtual Reality,1998:120-131.
[10]A Pérez Acal, A SanzLobera. Virtual reality simulation applied to a numericalcontrol milling machine[j]. International Journal on Interactive Design andManufacturing,2007:143-154.
[11]Kaiser E, AlexO, DavidM, HrvojeB, AndreaC, XiaoguangL, PhilC, StevenF.Mutual Disambiguation of3D Multimodal Interaction in Augmented and VirtualReality. COMPUTER SCIENCE,2006:11-20.
[12]Arjan J. F. Kok and Robert van Liere. A multimodal virtual reality interface for3D interaction with VTK[J]. Knowledge And Information Systems,2007:197-219.
[13]Laurent A. Nguyen, Maria Bualat. Virtual Reality Interfaces for Visualization andControl of Remote Vehicles. Autonomous Robots,2001:59-68.
[14]付达杰.虚拟现实与教育研究的文献计量学分析[J].北京联合大学学报（自然科学版），2011(4)：47-51.
[15]朱万侠.《摄影技术》网络虚拟实验平台的设计与开发[D].武汉：华中师范大学，2011.
[16]石中军.虚拟实验教学应用研究[D].大连：辽宁师范大学，2008.
[17]The PhET Project AtThe University Of Colorado[EB/OL].2012-4-20.http://phet.colorado.edu.
[18]Gerald Eichler. e-Learning and Communities, Supporting the Circulation ofKnowledge Pieces[J]. Innovative Internet Community Systems,2003:179-195.
[19]2Ekaterina Vasilyeva, MykolaPechenizkiy. Adaptation of Elaborated Feedbackin e-Learning[J]. Computer Science,2008:235-244.
[20]3Anthony Savidis, DimitrisGrammenos and Constantine Stephanidis.Developing inclusive e-learning systems[J]. Universal Access In The InformationSociety,2006:51-72.
[21]4Daniele Giansanti, L. Castrichella and M.R. Giovagnoli.E-learning for Laureain Biomedical laboratory Technicians: a feasibility study[J]. IFMBE Proceedings,2007:749-751.
[22]李兴福.面向职业学院的E-Learning学生在线自测系统[D].济南：山东大学，2008.
[23]周雪松，丰美丽等.虚拟实验技术的研究现状及发展趋势[J].自动化仪表，2008(04)：4-7.
[24]陈敏，刘晓秋等.基于VRML技术虚拟机械设计实验室的研究[J].机械设计，2007(02)：71-73.
[25]白娟.虚拟实验教学及其设计研究[D].西安：陕西师范大学，2005.
[26]丘威.基于Java3D的三维模型交互设计系统的开发与应用[J].微电子学与计算机，2008(11):201-204.
[27]陈琛.几何量检测实验的Java3D虚拟环境实现[D].长春：吉林大学，2006.
[28]葛岩，杨雪. Virtools技术在网络虚拟实验中的应用[J].实验室研究与探索，2010（10）：214-218.
[29]李方正.基于VR-Platform的虚拟现实技术在教学中应用[J].科技信息，2012(09):192-193.
[30]段化鹏.虚拟现实中物理引擎关键技术的研究与应用[D].山东：山东科技大学，2010.
[31]DavidM. Bourg游戏开发物理学[M].电子工业出版社，2004.
[32]Irish company Havok[EB/OL].2012-4-20. http://www.havok.com/.
[33]NVIDIA.英伟达公司geforce产品介绍[EB/OL].2012-4-20.http://www.geforce.com.
[34]冀巧玲.基于VR-Platform的中学物理虚拟实验的设计与开发[D].山东师范大学，2011.
[35]Crazy Machines3-New from the lab[EB/OL].2012-4-20.http://www.crazymachinesgame.com.
[36]瑞典Algoryx Simulation AB公司[EB/OL].2012-4-20. http://www.algodoo.com.
[37]李红.基于Java3D的立体几何教学辅助系统的研究[D].大连交通大学，2005.
[38]杨斌.高职院校实验教学的探索[J].四川教育学院学报.2008(6):100-101.
[39]胡树煜.王琢.传统与虚拟实验教学的应用比较[J].电脑编程技巧与维护，2009(12):118-120.
[40]李雪.终身学习平台的学习工具集服务设计与开发[D].上海：华东师范大学，2010.
[41]于素芬.基于Moodle平台的研究性学习的实践研究[D].济南：山东师范大学，2008.
[42]张申生.引进创新走向一流_上海交大密西根学院的工程教育改革探索[J].高等工程教育研究，2011(02):22-32.