医药流通企业物流系统优化方法研究
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摘要
医药物流旨在保障医院、社区卫生中心、医药零售店和基层卫生机构的药品供应,关系亿万人民健康,是我国重大的民生问题。医药流通企业配给层次众多、网点结构和制约条件复杂多变,医药流通企业物流系统是一项复杂的系统工程。近年来,国家相关部门要求建立健全药品供应保障体系,建立国家基本药物制度,规范药品生产流通,大力发展药品现代物流。基于此,综合考虑医药流通企业物流系统管理客观需求,从医药市场需求分析与预测、医药配送中心选址布局、医药设备选择与药品存储订货管理、药品配送优化与药品供应链的均衡等四个方面系统研究医药流通企业物流系统优化问题,以降低医药流通成本、提高医药供应链效率与服务水平,实现物流管理科学化与效率化,具有重大的理论价值和社会经济效益,主要研究内容具体如下：
(1)分析医药流通现状、发展趋势及其特征,挖掘药品需求成因和模糊性特征,设计医药市场需求预测方法及其步骤,提出模糊截集法以确定患者药品模糊需求；构造药品需求Markov法预测模型、基于影响因子的移动平均数法预测模型,设计医药流通企业药品采购、库存和销售物流需求分析内涵与方法。
(2)构建基于物流量的P-中值选址模型和ELSON选址模型,提出医药流通企业配送中心选址方法；设计从至表法、综合评价法和比例法,定量分析医药配送中心作业单位对物流关系、非物流关系和综合关系,提出基于线性表法与流程判断法的医药流通企业配送中心作业单位无面积拼图与平面布局优化方法。
(3)设计药品出入库资源收集与取样、分析与整理步骤,提出药品出入库资料EIQ分析法,挖掘出入库药品数量与种类、单项药品出入库数量与次数等数值特性和规律,确定医药搬运设备和药品存储方式；构建允许缺货和不允许缺货的药品经济批量订购模型、离散型与连续型随机需求的药品订购批量模型,设计药品订货策略,提出医药设备选择优化与药品库存管理方法。
(4)建立多场地装车车辆泊松到达负指数服务时间的配送车辆排队模型、带时间窗的药品配送VRP模型和多车型开放式动态需求药品配送的二阶段VRP模型,设计蚁群算法,提出药品配送优化方法；构造药品制造商、配送中心、需求不确定型药店和带风险的药品供应链均衡多目标优化模型,提出制造商、配送中心和药店决策优化方法,明确医药供应链均衡条件,分析算法的收敛性。
本文的研究为医药流通企业物流系统优化与管理提供理论支撑与方法指导,能有效降低医药流通成本,提高医药流通效率,满足人们群众日益增长的医药卫生需求。
The task of logistics of pharmaceutical industry is to secure adequate drug supply of hospitals, community health centers, medicine retail stores and grassroots health institutions. The pharmaceutical logistics is a major livelihood issues for that it may have tremendous consequences for hundreds of millions of people's health. Pharmaceutical logistics planning is very difficult for the complex relationship of the medical rationing level, outlets, and constraints, rationing system structures. In recent years, the suggestion of relevant medical management departments is to establish and improve the drug supply security system, establish national essential drug system, rectify and standardize the order of production and circulation, and develop modern medical logistics. Without doubt, the main task of pharmaceutical circulation enterprise is to reduce the cost of medicine circulation, improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical supply chain, and improve logistics efficiency of the medicine circulation enterprise. It is significant to discuss the problem about management and optimization of the medicine circulation enterprise logistics system.
This dissertation mainly puts important on these aspects contents below of management and optimization of the pharmaceutical circulation enterprise logistics system, i.e. Regional drug demand forecasting and pharmaceutical circulation enterprise logistics demand analysis, site selection and layout of drug distribution center, medical equipment selection, drug storage and ordering management, drug distribution optimization and pharmaceutical logistics supplier selection. The main content of this dissertation is as follows:
(1) According to the analysis of the causes and characteristics of fuzzy drug demand, fuzzy mathematics method is used to discribe drug demand, and the fuzzy cut set method is used to determine drug fuzzy demand. The computational results show that the proposed fuzzy cut set method is effective and reasonable compared with the average expectation method and the classic representation method. This dissertation sets up the Markov forecast model and the moving average forecasting model based on influencing factors. Some cases are analyzed and calculated using WinQSB. The results show that the proposed model is effective and credible.
(2) This dissertation designs the methods and procedures for selection of pharmaceutical distribution center location, and sets up the P-median location model based on the material flow rate. The from-to diagramming method and the comprehensive evaluation method are used to analyze the logistics relationship, the non-logistics relationship, and the proportion method is used to analyse comprehensive relationship between operating unit. The linear table method and the process judging method are used to optimize the jigsaw puzzle without area and layout of the medicine distribution center operations unit.
(3) The data drug inbound and outbound operations is analyzed by EIQ method to get the data numerical characteristics and rules of drug quantity, drug types number, drug inbound and outbound times, drug inbound and outbound quantity. The statistical analysis result is used to reasonably choose medical handling equipment, and design the way of drug storage. This dissertation designs not allowing drug shortage Economic Order Quantity model, allowing drug shortage Economic Order Quantity model, the order model with discrete random drug demand, the order model with continuous random drug demand to determine inventory order strategies.
(4) For short-range drug delivery problem, this dissertation sets up multiple loading site-vehicle Poisson arrival distribution-negative exponential service hours-vehicle queuing model, drug delivery VRP model with time window, and two stages open dynamic demand for drug delivery VRP model, designs an ant colony algorithm to solve the VRP model, uses Matlab to code, and carries simulation experiment by simulated data. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and ant colony algorithm. A multi-objective model for drug pricing with risk is set, which includes pharmaceutical factories, distribution centers and drugstores with uncertain demands. The manufacturer decision-making and optimal conditions, distribution center decision-making and optimal conditions and drugstore decision-making and optimal conditions are analyzed.
This dissertation can provide scientific and reliable theoretical support and guidance method of logistics management and optimization for medicine circulation enterprise, these proposed approaches can effectively reduce drug logistics cost, improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical circulation, and meet the people's growing health needs.
(1)分析医药流通现状、发展趋势及其特征,挖掘药品需求成因和模糊性特征,设计医药市场需求预测方法及其步骤,提出模糊截集法以确定患者药品模糊需求；构造药品需求Markov法预测模型、基于影响因子的移动平均数法预测模型,设计医药流通企业药品采购、库存和销售物流需求分析内涵与方法。
(2)构建基于物流量的P-中值选址模型和ELSON选址模型,提出医药流通企业配送中心选址方法；设计从至表法、综合评价法和比例法,定量分析医药配送中心作业单位对物流关系、非物流关系和综合关系,提出基于线性表法与流程判断法的医药流通企业配送中心作业单位无面积拼图与平面布局优化方法。
(3)设计药品出入库资源收集与取样、分析与整理步骤,提出药品出入库资料EIQ分析法,挖掘出入库药品数量与种类、单项药品出入库数量与次数等数值特性和规律,确定医药搬运设备和药品存储方式；构建允许缺货和不允许缺货的药品经济批量订购模型、离散型与连续型随机需求的药品订购批量模型,设计药品订货策略,提出医药设备选择优化与药品库存管理方法。
(4)建立多场地装车车辆泊松到达负指数服务时间的配送车辆排队模型、带时间窗的药品配送VRP模型和多车型开放式动态需求药品配送的二阶段VRP模型,设计蚁群算法,提出药品配送优化方法；构造药品制造商、配送中心、需求不确定型药店和带风险的药品供应链均衡多目标优化模型,提出制造商、配送中心和药店决策优化方法,明确医药供应链均衡条件,分析算法的收敛性。
本文的研究为医药流通企业物流系统优化与管理提供理论支撑与方法指导,能有效降低医药流通成本,提高医药流通效率,满足人们群众日益增长的医药卫生需求。
The task of logistics of pharmaceutical industry is to secure adequate drug supply of hospitals, community health centers, medicine retail stores and grassroots health institutions. The pharmaceutical logistics is a major livelihood issues for that it may have tremendous consequences for hundreds of millions of people's health. Pharmaceutical logistics planning is very difficult for the complex relationship of the medical rationing level, outlets, and constraints, rationing system structures. In recent years, the suggestion of relevant medical management departments is to establish and improve the drug supply security system, establish national essential drug system, rectify and standardize the order of production and circulation, and develop modern medical logistics. Without doubt, the main task of pharmaceutical circulation enterprise is to reduce the cost of medicine circulation, improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical supply chain, and improve logistics efficiency of the medicine circulation enterprise. It is significant to discuss the problem about management and optimization of the medicine circulation enterprise logistics system.
This dissertation mainly puts important on these aspects contents below of management and optimization of the pharmaceutical circulation enterprise logistics system, i.e. Regional drug demand forecasting and pharmaceutical circulation enterprise logistics demand analysis, site selection and layout of drug distribution center, medical equipment selection, drug storage and ordering management, drug distribution optimization and pharmaceutical logistics supplier selection. The main content of this dissertation is as follows:
(1) According to the analysis of the causes and characteristics of fuzzy drug demand, fuzzy mathematics method is used to discribe drug demand, and the fuzzy cut set method is used to determine drug fuzzy demand. The computational results show that the proposed fuzzy cut set method is effective and reasonable compared with the average expectation method and the classic representation method. This dissertation sets up the Markov forecast model and the moving average forecasting model based on influencing factors. Some cases are analyzed and calculated using WinQSB. The results show that the proposed model is effective and credible.
(2) This dissertation designs the methods and procedures for selection of pharmaceutical distribution center location, and sets up the P-median location model based on the material flow rate. The from-to diagramming method and the comprehensive evaluation method are used to analyze the logistics relationship, the non-logistics relationship, and the proportion method is used to analyse comprehensive relationship between operating unit. The linear table method and the process judging method are used to optimize the jigsaw puzzle without area and layout of the medicine distribution center operations unit.
(3) The data drug inbound and outbound operations is analyzed by EIQ method to get the data numerical characteristics and rules of drug quantity, drug types number, drug inbound and outbound times, drug inbound and outbound quantity. The statistical analysis result is used to reasonably choose medical handling equipment, and design the way of drug storage. This dissertation designs not allowing drug shortage Economic Order Quantity model, allowing drug shortage Economic Order Quantity model, the order model with discrete random drug demand, the order model with continuous random drug demand to determine inventory order strategies.
(4) For short-range drug delivery problem, this dissertation sets up multiple loading site-vehicle Poisson arrival distribution-negative exponential service hours-vehicle queuing model, drug delivery VRP model with time window, and two stages open dynamic demand for drug delivery VRP model, designs an ant colony algorithm to solve the VRP model, uses Matlab to code, and carries simulation experiment by simulated data. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and ant colony algorithm. A multi-objective model for drug pricing with risk is set, which includes pharmaceutical factories, distribution centers and drugstores with uncertain demands. The manufacturer decision-making and optimal conditions, distribution center decision-making and optimal conditions and drugstore decision-making and optimal conditions are analyzed.
This dissertation can provide scientific and reliable theoretical support and guidance method of logistics management and optimization for medicine circulation enterprise, these proposed approaches can effectively reduce drug logistics cost, improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical circulation, and meet the people's growing health needs.
引文
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