复合SBR系统脱氮除磷的研究
摘要
本文采用城市生活污水，研究了序批式生物膜反应器对氮磷和有机污染物的去除效果，其中着重考察了碱度、温度、碳氮比、碳磷比、溶解氧以及泥龄对氮磷、有机物去除效果的影响。试验结果表明，有机污染物的去除率通常大于95％，总氮的去除率在90％以上，而总磷的去除率在98％左右。由于该工艺结合了序批式活性污泥法和生物膜反应器的共同优点，去除效果良好。本文同时也对生物膜增长模型和有机底物的代谢模型进行了验证，结果表明该工艺与表面反应模型之间有一定的误差，不能很好有机污染物、氮磷的去除过程和降解速率。最后本文就可能引起误差的因素进行了分析。
The paper describes the characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic substance removals in a combined reactor of biofilm-SBR process using domestic wastewater as feed. The facts to influence removal efficiencies of organic substance,nitrogen and phosphorus,such as alkalinity,temperature,the ratio of carbon to nitrogen,the ratio of carbon to phosphorus,dissolved oxygen and SRT,are emphatically studied. It is shown that through the cultivation,removal efficiencies of COD,total-N and total-P reach more than 95%,90% and 98%,respectively. This process obtains satisfactory removal efficiencies,because it combines the merits of Sequencing Batch Reactor and biological film reactor. As a result,this paper validates the kinetics of biofilm growth,substrate removal,nitrogen and phosphorus removal with biofilm-SBR,which doesn't accord with the experimental results. The biofilm model doesn't correctly describe the substrate removal and metabolic ration. Finally the facts to cause the error between experimental resu
lts and the biofilm model are analyzed.
The paper describes the characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic substance removals in a combined reactor of biofilm-SBR process using domestic wastewater as feed. The facts to influence removal efficiencies of organic substance,nitrogen and phosphorus,such as alkalinity,temperature,the ratio of carbon to nitrogen,the ratio of carbon to phosphorus,dissolved oxygen and SRT,are emphatically studied. It is shown that through the cultivation,removal efficiencies of COD,total-N and total-P reach more than 95%,90% and 98%,respectively. This process obtains satisfactory removal efficiencies,because it combines the merits of Sequencing Batch Reactor and biological film reactor. As a result,this paper validates the kinetics of biofilm growth,substrate removal,nitrogen and phosphorus removal with biofilm-SBR,which doesn't accord with the experimental results. The biofilm model doesn't correctly describe the substrate removal and metabolic ration. Finally the facts to cause the error between experimental resu
lts and the biofilm model are analyzed.
引文
[1] 郑兴灿，李亚新编著．污水除磷脱氮技术．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998，109～149
[2] 俞辉群等译．水和废水技术研究．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1992，457～485
[3] 钱易，米祥友．现代废水处理新技术．北京：中国科学技术出版社，1993，33～44
[4] Rim. Y.T. et al. A full-scale test of a biological nutrients removal system using the sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process.Wat. Sci. Tech., 1997.35(1),241～248
[5] 龚云华．污水生物脱氮除磷技术的现状与发展．环境保护．2000，7：23～25
[6] 徐亚同．废水的生物除磷．环境科学研究．1994，7(5)：1～6
[7] 彭永臻．SBR法五大优点．中国给水排水．1993，9(2)：29～31
[8] Irvine R.L. and Busch A.W. Sequencing batch reactor an overview. J.Wat. pollut. Control. Fed., 1979, 51(2):235～243
[9] Alleman J. E. and Irvine R.L. Storage-induced denitrification using sequencing batch reactors operation. Wat. Res., 1980, 14:1483～1488
[10] Palis J.C. and Irvine R.L. Nitrogen removal in a low-loaded single tank sequencing batch reactor. J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 1985, 7(1):82～86
[11] 刘永凇，陈纯．间歇活性污泥法处理啤酒污水试验研究．中国给水排水．1989，5(3)：18～20
[12] 虞寿枢，王宇尧．序批式活性污泥法．给水排水．1991，(6)，19～24
[13] 刘雨，赵庆良，郑兴灿编著．生物膜法污水处理技术．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2000，112～173
[14] Fang H. H.P.,Yeong C. L. Y., Book K. M. and Chiu C. M. Removel of COD and nitrigon in wastewater using sequencing batch reactor with fibrous packing. Wat. Sci.Technol., 1993, 28(7):125～131
[15] 冯生华，姚念民．生物脱氮除磷工艺的探讨，给水排水．1994，20(2)，18～21．
[16] 刘俊新，从丽等．生物膜与活性污泥结合工艺脱氮除磷研究．中国给水排水．2000，16(12)，1～5
[17] 高庭耀，夏四清，周增炎．城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺评述．环境科学．1999，1，110～112
[18] Huang J.C. and Liu Y. Nitrification of low-level ammonia in water.In: Proc. of 10th International Wat. Supply Asso. Conference, Hong Kong. 1996, 605～612
[19] Moreau M. Liu Y.,Capdeville B.,Audic J.M. and Calvez L.Kinetic behaviors of heterotrophic and autotrophic biofilms in wastewater treatment processes.Wat. Sci.Technol., 1994, 29:385～391
[20] 国家环保局水和废水监测分析方法编委会编．水和废水监测分析方法．第三版．中国环境科学出版社．1989，252～365
[21] Silverstein, J. and Schroeder, E.D. Performance of SBR activated sludge process with nitrification/denitrification. J. Water. Pollut. Control. Fed 1983, 55:377～384
[22] Okada, M., Sudo, R. and Terazono, K. Simultaneous removel of nitrogen and phosphorus by SBR activated sludge process. Chemical Engineering Symposium Series. 1984, 4:46～51
[23] Okada, M. and Sudo, R. Performance of sequencing batch reactor activated sludge processes for simultaneous removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and BOD as applited to small community sewage treatment.Wat. Sci.Tech., 1986, 18:363～370
[24] 许谦，赵庆祥等．炼厂催化裂化废水SBR脱氮工艺研究．上海环境科学．1997，16(4)：30～32
[25] Arivin,E. and G.H. Kristensen.Effect of denitrification on the PH in biofilms. Wat. Sci. and Technol., 1982, 14(8),833～848.
[26] Schweerinski, H. Arivin, E. and Harremoes, P. PH decrease in nitrifying biofilms. Wat. Res., 1985, 20, 971～976.
[27] 赵玲，张之源．复合SBR系统中同步硝化反硝化现象及其脱氮效果．安徽省人口资源环境与可持续发展．安徽大学出版社．2001，168～174
[28] Hyungseok Yoo and Kyu-Hong Ahn. Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite in an intermittently-aerated reactor. Wat. Res., 1999,33(1): 145～154
[29] Lesley A Robertson. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic chemostat cultures of thiosphaera pantotropha. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1988, 54(11): 2812～2818
[30] 张琳，马华年．影响SBR法除磷脱氮的主要因素．中国给水排水．1996，12(2)：27～28
[31] Hascoat M.C., Florentz M., and Granger P. Biological aspects of enhanced biological phosphorus removel from wastewater. Wat. Sci.Tech., 1985, 17(11/12):23～42
[32] 华光辉，张波．城市污水生物除磷脱氮工艺中的矛盾关系及对策．给水排水．2000，26(12)：1～5
[33] Rensink J.H, Donker H.J.G W. and Simons, S. J. Phosphorus Removal at low sludge loadings. Wat. Sci. Tech., 1985, 17(11-12):177～186
[34] 罗固源，许晓毅．NBIAS中污泥龄对脱氮除磷效果的影响．重庆环境科学．2000，22(2)：11～13
[35] Capdeville B. and Nguyen K.M. Kinetics and modeling of aerobic and anaerobic film growth. Wat. Sci.Technol., 22:149～170
[36] Capdeville B., Nguyen K.M. and Rols J.L. Biofilm modeling:Structual, reactional and diffusional aspects. In: Biofilms-Science and Technology, Ed. by Melo L.F., Bott T.R., Fletcher M. and Capdeville B., Kluwer Academic publishers, 1992, 251～276
[37] Belkhadir, R., Capdeville, B., and Roques, H. Fundamental descriptive study and modelization of biological film growth. Wat. Res. 1998,22,1:59～69
[38] Christensen F.R., Kristensen G.H.and Jansen J.L.C.Biofilm structure: an important and neglected parameter in wastewater treatment, Wat. Sci.Technol., 1998, 21:805～814
[39] 成官文．生物脱氮除磷技术及其在水处理中的应用．桂林工学院学报．1996，16(1)：58～65
[40] Kuba, T., Wachtmeister A., Van Loosdrecht M.C.M. and Heijnen J.J. Effect of nitrate on Phosphorus release in biological phosphorus removal systems. Wat. Sci.Technol., 1994, 30: 263～269.
[2] 俞辉群等译．水和废水技术研究．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1992，457～485
[3] 钱易，米祥友．现代废水处理新技术．北京：中国科学技术出版社，1993，33～44
[4] Rim. Y.T. et al. A full-scale test of a biological nutrients removal system using the sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process.Wat. Sci. Tech., 1997.35(1),241～248
[5] 龚云华．污水生物脱氮除磷技术的现状与发展．环境保护．2000，7：23～25
[6] 徐亚同．废水的生物除磷．环境科学研究．1994，7(5)：1～6
[7] 彭永臻．SBR法五大优点．中国给水排水．1993，9(2)：29～31
[8] Irvine R.L. and Busch A.W. Sequencing batch reactor an overview. J.Wat. pollut. Control. Fed., 1979, 51(2):235～243
[9] Alleman J. E. and Irvine R.L. Storage-induced denitrification using sequencing batch reactors operation. Wat. Res., 1980, 14:1483～1488
[10] Palis J.C. and Irvine R.L. Nitrogen removal in a low-loaded single tank sequencing batch reactor. J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 1985, 7(1):82～86
[11] 刘永凇，陈纯．间歇活性污泥法处理啤酒污水试验研究．中国给水排水．1989，5(3)：18～20
[12] 虞寿枢，王宇尧．序批式活性污泥法．给水排水．1991，(6)，19～24
[13] 刘雨，赵庆良，郑兴灿编著．生物膜法污水处理技术．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2000，112～173
[14] Fang H. H.P.,Yeong C. L. Y., Book K. M. and Chiu C. M. Removel of COD and nitrigon in wastewater using sequencing batch reactor with fibrous packing. Wat. Sci.Technol., 1993, 28(7):125～131
[15] 冯生华，姚念民．生物脱氮除磷工艺的探讨，给水排水．1994，20(2)，18～21．
[16] 刘俊新，从丽等．生物膜与活性污泥结合工艺脱氮除磷研究．中国给水排水．2000，16(12)，1～5
[17] 高庭耀，夏四清，周增炎．城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺评述．环境科学．1999，1，110～112
[18] Huang J.C. and Liu Y. Nitrification of low-level ammonia in water.In: Proc. of 10th International Wat. Supply Asso. Conference, Hong Kong. 1996, 605～612
[19] Moreau M. Liu Y.,Capdeville B.,Audic J.M. and Calvez L.Kinetic behaviors of heterotrophic and autotrophic biofilms in wastewater treatment processes.Wat. Sci.Technol., 1994, 29:385～391
[20] 国家环保局水和废水监测分析方法编委会编．水和废水监测分析方法．第三版．中国环境科学出版社．1989，252～365
[21] Silverstein, J. and Schroeder, E.D. Performance of SBR activated sludge process with nitrification/denitrification. J. Water. Pollut. Control. Fed 1983, 55:377～384
[22] Okada, M., Sudo, R. and Terazono, K. Simultaneous removel of nitrogen and phosphorus by SBR activated sludge process. Chemical Engineering Symposium Series. 1984, 4:46～51
[23] Okada, M. and Sudo, R. Performance of sequencing batch reactor activated sludge processes for simultaneous removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and BOD as applited to small community sewage treatment.Wat. Sci.Tech., 1986, 18:363～370
[24] 许谦，赵庆祥等．炼厂催化裂化废水SBR脱氮工艺研究．上海环境科学．1997，16(4)：30～32
[25] Arivin,E. and G.H. Kristensen.Effect of denitrification on the PH in biofilms. Wat. Sci. and Technol., 1982, 14(8),833～848.
[26] Schweerinski, H. Arivin, E. and Harremoes, P. PH decrease in nitrifying biofilms. Wat. Res., 1985, 20, 971～976.
[27] 赵玲，张之源．复合SBR系统中同步硝化反硝化现象及其脱氮效果．安徽省人口资源环境与可持续发展．安徽大学出版社．2001，168～174
[28] Hyungseok Yoo and Kyu-Hong Ahn. Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite in an intermittently-aerated reactor. Wat. Res., 1999,33(1): 145～154
[29] Lesley A Robertson. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic chemostat cultures of thiosphaera pantotropha. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1988, 54(11): 2812～2818
[30] 张琳，马华年．影响SBR法除磷脱氮的主要因素．中国给水排水．1996，12(2)：27～28
[31] Hascoat M.C., Florentz M., and Granger P. Biological aspects of enhanced biological phosphorus removel from wastewater. Wat. Sci.Tech., 1985, 17(11/12):23～42
[32] 华光辉，张波．城市污水生物除磷脱氮工艺中的矛盾关系及对策．给水排水．2000，26(12)：1～5
[33] Rensink J.H, Donker H.J.G W. and Simons, S. J. Phosphorus Removal at low sludge loadings. Wat. Sci. Tech., 1985, 17(11-12):177～186
[34] 罗固源，许晓毅．NBIAS中污泥龄对脱氮除磷效果的影响．重庆环境科学．2000，22(2)：11～13
[35] Capdeville B. and Nguyen K.M. Kinetics and modeling of aerobic and anaerobic film growth. Wat. Sci.Technol., 22:149～170
[36] Capdeville B., Nguyen K.M. and Rols J.L. Biofilm modeling:Structual, reactional and diffusional aspects. In: Biofilms-Science and Technology, Ed. by Melo L.F., Bott T.R., Fletcher M. and Capdeville B., Kluwer Academic publishers, 1992, 251～276
[37] Belkhadir, R., Capdeville, B., and Roques, H. Fundamental descriptive study and modelization of biological film growth. Wat. Res. 1998,22,1:59～69
[38] Christensen F.R., Kristensen G.H.and Jansen J.L.C.Biofilm structure: an important and neglected parameter in wastewater treatment, Wat. Sci.Technol., 1998, 21:805～814
[39] 成官文．生物脱氮除磷技术及其在水处理中的应用．桂林工学院学报．1996，16(1)：58～65
[40] Kuba, T., Wachtmeister A., Van Loosdrecht M.C.M. and Heijnen J.J. Effect of nitrate on Phosphorus release in biological phosphorus removal systems. Wat. Sci.Technol., 1994, 30: 263～269.