UASB反应器内污泥颗粒化过程加速的研究
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摘要
厌氧废水处理是一种把废水的处理和能源的回收利用相结合的低成本的废水处理技术。作为一种适合我国国情的废水处理技术，厌氧生物处理技术在水污染控制领域有着广阔的发展前景。
UASB反应器是目前应用最为广泛的厌氧处理工艺，已成功地应用于处理多种不同成分、浓度的污水。接种污泥的颗粒化是UASB反应器启动的目标和启动成功的标志，本课题通过在UASB反应器的启动过程中投加凹凸棒石粘土和未投加凹凸棒石粘土的对比启动实验发现，投加凹凸棒石粘土能够缩短UASB反应器内接种污泥的颗粒化进程，从而加速了反应器的启动过程，此外反应器的运行状况也得到了一定程度的改善和提高。
本文结合污泥颗粒化的新理论对投加凹凸棒石粘土后反应器内污泥颗粒化加速的机理提出了相应的解释。
Anaerobic wastewater treatment is a sort of low cost technology which integrates the disposal of wastewater with energy recycle. The technology fits the present situation of our country well. Anaerobic wastewater treatment technology will be with great prospects in the water pollution control area.
One of the anaerobic treatment processes used in the world is the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. The reactor has succeeded in treating wastewater with various ingredient and strength. Granulation of inoculation sludge is the goal of UASB reactor's startup process and symbol of successful startup. In this study, two experiments are done. In one experiment some attapulgite clay is added into the UASB reactor during the startup process. While the other experiment is the control experiment without the addition of attapulgite clay. By the contrast, it was found that the addition of attapulgite clay in the UASB reactor could shorten the granulation process of the inoculation sludge. Thus, the startup process is accelerated. The improvement of UASB reactor's performance has also been observed.
A new theory for the mechanism of sludge granulation, namely proton translocation-dehydration theory, was introduced in this paper. By some experiments, the mechanism of granulation acceleration in the UASB reactor with additional attapulgite clay is explained.
UASB反应器是目前应用最为广泛的厌氧处理工艺，已成功地应用于处理多种不同成分、浓度的污水。接种污泥的颗粒化是UASB反应器启动的目标和启动成功的标志，本课题通过在UASB反应器的启动过程中投加凹凸棒石粘土和未投加凹凸棒石粘土的对比启动实验发现，投加凹凸棒石粘土能够缩短UASB反应器内接种污泥的颗粒化进程，从而加速了反应器的启动过程，此外反应器的运行状况也得到了一定程度的改善和提高。
本文结合污泥颗粒化的新理论对投加凹凸棒石粘土后反应器内污泥颗粒化加速的机理提出了相应的解释。
Anaerobic wastewater treatment is a sort of low cost technology which integrates the disposal of wastewater with energy recycle. The technology fits the present situation of our country well. Anaerobic wastewater treatment technology will be with great prospects in the water pollution control area.
One of the anaerobic treatment processes used in the world is the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. The reactor has succeeded in treating wastewater with various ingredient and strength. Granulation of inoculation sludge is the goal of UASB reactor's startup process and symbol of successful startup. In this study, two experiments are done. In one experiment some attapulgite clay is added into the UASB reactor during the startup process. While the other experiment is the control experiment without the addition of attapulgite clay. By the contrast, it was found that the addition of attapulgite clay in the UASB reactor could shorten the granulation process of the inoculation sludge. Thus, the startup process is accelerated. The improvement of UASB reactor's performance has also been observed.
A new theory for the mechanism of sludge granulation, namely proton translocation-dehydration theory, was introduced in this paper. By some experiments, the mechanism of granulation acceleration in the UASB reactor with additional attapulgite clay is explained.
引文
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[39] R.El-Mamouni,R.Leduc and S.R.Guiot. Influence of synthetic and natural polymers on the anaerobic granulation process.Wat. Sci. Tech, 1998,38(8-9): 341-347.
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[2] 北京市环境保护科学研究院等主编。三废处理工程技术手册：废水卷。北京，化学工业出版社，2000。
[3] 贺延龄。废水的厌氧生物处理。北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998，1。
[4] Guan Wei-sheng,Lei Zi-xue,Zhu Jun-huang.Petro-chemical wastewater treatment by biological process.Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) English Ed, 2000,12(2):220-224.
[5] Cronin-C,Lo-K-V. Anaerobic treatment of brewery wastewater using USAB reactors seeded with activated sludge. Bioresource-Technology, 1998,64 (1):33-38.
[6] Austermann-Haun-Ute,Seyfried-Carl-Franz,Rosenwinkel-Karl-Heinz. UASB-react or in the fruit juice industry. Wat. Sci.Tech, 1997,36 (6-7):407-414.
[7] Cheng-Sheng-Shung,Ho-Chiou-Yuan,Wu-Jer-Horng. Pilot study of UASB process treating PTA manufacturing wastewater. Wat. Sci.Tech, 1997,36 (6-7):73-82.
[8] Behling-E,Diaz-A,Colina-G, et al.Domestic wastewater treatment using A UASB reactor. Bioresource-Technology, 1997,61 (3):239-245.
[9] Austermann-Haun-Ute,Rozenwinkel-Karl-Heinz. Two examples of anaerobic pre-treatment of wastewater in the beverage industry. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1997,36(2-3):311-319.
[10] Rintala-J-A,Lepisto-S-S.Pilot-scale thermophilic anaerobic treatment of wastewaters from seasonal vegetable processing industry. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1997,36 (2-3):279-285.
[11] Rajesh-G, Bandyopadhyay-M,Das-D.Some studies on UASB bioreactors for the stabilization of low strength industrial effluents.Bioprocess-Engineering, 1999,21 (2):113-116.
[12] Araya-P, Aroca-G, Chamy-R.Anaerobic treatment of effluents from an industrial polymers synthesis plant. Waste-Management, 1999,19 (2): 141-146.
[13] Punal-A,Lema-J-M.Anaerobic treatment of wastewater from a fish-canning factory in a full-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor. Wat. Sci.Tech, 1999,40 (8):57-62.
[14] El-Gohary-F-A,Nasr-F-A,Aly-H-I.Cost-effective pre-treatment of food processing industrial wastewater. Wat. Sci.Tech, 1999,40(7): 17-24.
[15] Rintala Jukka A,Lepisto Satu S.Thermophilic anaerobic treatment of sulphur rich forest industry wastewater. Biodegradation, 1998,9(3-4):225-232.
[16] Kortekaas Sjon,Wijngaarde Robert R, et al.Anaerobic treatment of hemp thermomechanical pulping wastewater. Water Research, 1998,32 (11):3362-3370.
[17] Kalyuzhnyi S.V.,Perez Martinez E.,Rodriguez Martinez J.Anaerobic treatment of high-strength cheese-whey wastewaters in laboratory and pilot UASB-reactors. Bioresource Technology, 1997,60(1): 59-65.
[18] Dinsdale Richard M.,Hawkes Freda R.,Hawkes Dennis L.Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors treating instant coffee production wastewater. Water Research, 1997,31 (1): 163-169.
[19] 裘湛，张之源。高速厌氧反应器处理城市污水的现状与发展。合肥工业大学学报，2002，25(1)：117-122。
[20] 王凯军，贾立敏。升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器的设备化研究。给水排水，2001，27(4)：85-90。
[21] 张宇，赵剑英。凹凸棒土处理含镍废水的研究。江苏化工，1997，25(1)：48-49。
[22] 周平，王寻，姚礼。利用天然矿物处理造纸黑液。地学前缘，2000，7(2)：541-545。
[23] 裘祖楠，翁行尚，李勇等。活化凹凸棒石对阳离子染料的脱色作用及其应用研究。中国环境科学，1997，17(4)：373-376。
[24] 张国生。凹凸棒石净化矿化饮用水的研究。水处理技术，1997，23(1)：55-59。
[25] 彭书传，魏凤玉，周元祥等。有机凹凸棒粘土吸附水中苯酚的试验。城市环境与城市生态，1999，12(2)：14-16。
[26] 彭书传。凹凸棒土复合净水剂处理印染废水。环境导报，1997年第4期，19-21。
[27] 王连军，黄中华，孙秀云等。改性凹凸棒土处理染化废水研究。南京理工大学学报，1998，22(3)：240-243。
[28] 陈天虎，凹凸棒石粘土吸附废水中污染物机理探讨。高校地质学报，2000，6(2)：265-270。
[29] 裘祖楠，翁行尚，陆洁。凹凸棒石在水处理中的应用与研究。化工时刊，1993，第10期，15-19(转26)。
[30] 朱继存。凹凸棒石粘土处理城市废水的实验。江苏地质，2000，24(3)，157-160。
[31] 张国生。凹凸棒石催化活性污泥法处理印染废水的研究。非金属矿，1995，1：42-46。
[32] 许丹东，肖红。发泡多孔性藻朊酸钙胶体在UASB反应器生物造粒中的应用研究。环境科学，16(1)：39-41。
[33] 周律，张孟青。UASB反应器快速启动的试验研究。环境科学，1996，17(2)：54-56。
[34] 刘洪山，尹万祥。UASB厌氧废水处理技术的开发。国外环境科学技术，1993，3：51-54。
[35] Tsuyoshi Imai et al.Advanced start up of UASB reactors by adding of water absorbing polymer. Wat. Sci.Tech, 1997,36(6-7):399-406.
[36] Jae Eun Park et al.UASB performance in presence of algae and synthetic media. Wat. Sci.Tech, 1997,36(12): 125-133.
[37] Yu-H-Q,Tay-J-H,Fang-Herbert-HP.Effects of added powdered and granular activated carbons on start-up performance of UASB reactors.Environmental Technology, 1999,20 (10): 1095-1101.
[38] T. Ohtsuki,M.Watanabe and Y. Miyaji. Start up of thermophilic UASB(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors using micro-carrier and mesophilic granular sludge.Wat. Sci.Tech, 1992, 26(3-4):877-886.
[39] R.El-Mamouni,R.Leduc and S.R.Guiot. Influence of synthetic and natural polymers on the anaerobic granulation process.Wat. Sci. Tech, 1998,38(8-9): 341-347.
[40] 赵一章，张辉，唐一等。高活性厌氧颗粒污泥微生物特性和形成机理的研究。微生物学报，1994，34(1)：45-54。
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