针对煤田复杂近地表虚共炮点射线追踪动态校正方法
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摘要
为了消除复杂近地表地表高程和风化层对反射波旅行时的影响,本文分析地表一致性静校正假设射线垂直穿过近地表路径误差,以及运用基准面静校正后反射旅行时偏离双曲线关系,引起动校正误差和速度误差。根据惠更斯原理,费马原理和1互换原理,提出虚共炮点道集(GCSP)概念。基于GCSP道集,提出GCSP射线追踪动态校正方法。详细分析GCSP道集虚震源位于CMP面元中心引起的旅行时误差,并论证GCSP射线追踪动态校正方法的可行性。着重分析激发井深,约束速度和射线方位角,对初至旅行时层析反演近地表速度模型精度的影响,讨论井地联合反演和中间激发方式增大射线方位角方式,给出井口时间和辅助激发对最小速度的约束方法。应用实际煤田地震数据对GCSP射线追踪动态校正方法进行检验,结果表明该方法有效地消除了近地表影响,明显改善了叠加剖面煤层反射波连续性。
Topography and weathered layer have a great negative influence on reflection traveltime in the complex near-surface areas. In order to eliminate the effects, we analyze raypath error which is caused by the assumption of ray vertical incidence in near surface under surface-consistent static correction. We also analyze normal moveout correction error and velocity error, because of reflection traveltime deviation from the hyperbolic relationship after datum static correction applied. According to Huygens'principle, Fermat's principle and Reciprocity principle, we present the concept of ghost common shot point gather (GCSP). And then based on the GCSP gather, we present GCSP ray tracing dynamic correction method. It is an assumption that the ghost source is located in the center of the CMP bin, and traveltime error, caused by the assumption, is analyzed in detail. Finally the feasibility of this method is demonstrated.
Considering the actual situation, we focus on three factors to analyze the accuracy of near-surface velocity model inverted by first break traveltime tomography. The factors are source well depth, constraint velocity and ray azimuth. Discussing the way to increase the ray azimuth, such as well-surface simultaneous inversion and split shooting. Two methods are presented to determine the minimum constraint velocity, such as uphole time and auxiliary source. Finally GCSP ray tracing dynamic correction method is tested by real coalfield seismic data, the results shows that the effect of near surface is eliminate effectively and the continuity of coal seam reflection events are enhanced extraordinarily in the stack profile.
Topography and weathered layer have a great negative influence on reflection traveltime in the complex near-surface areas. In order to eliminate the effects, we analyze raypath error which is caused by the assumption of ray vertical incidence in near surface under surface-consistent static correction. We also analyze normal moveout correction error and velocity error, because of reflection traveltime deviation from the hyperbolic relationship after datum static correction applied. According to Huygens'principle, Fermat's principle and Reciprocity principle, we present the concept of ghost common shot point gather (GCSP). And then based on the GCSP gather, we present GCSP ray tracing dynamic correction method. It is an assumption that the ghost source is located in the center of the CMP bin, and traveltime error, caused by the assumption, is analyzed in detail. Finally the feasibility of this method is demonstrated.
Considering the actual situation, we focus on three factors to analyze the accuracy of near-surface velocity model inverted by first break traveltime tomography. The factors are source well depth, constraint velocity and ray azimuth. Discussing the way to increase the ray azimuth, such as well-surface simultaneous inversion and split shooting. Two methods are presented to determine the minimum constraint velocity, such as uphole time and auxiliary source. Finally GCSP ray tracing dynamic correction method is tested by real coalfield seismic data, the results shows that the effect of near surface is eliminate effectively and the continuity of coal seam reflection events are enhanced extraordinarily in the stack profile.
引文
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[12]David C. Raypath interferometry: Static in difficult places[J]. The Leading Edge,2009,28(2): 202-205
[13]Benxi K and Bo Zhao. A comparison of the WED using a single shot gather and the static corrections [J]. SEG Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:2197-2200
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[15]Chris R and Ken L. Datuming and layer replacement: When are static corrections sufficient?[J]. SEG Expanded Abstracts,2000,19:2040-2043
[16]Turhan M T and Lee L. Static Corrections:Time amplitude, and Phase [J]. SEG Expanded Abstracts, 1991,10:1399-1401
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[23]Lindsay M M, Richard D M, Julian I K et al. Angle-Dependent Tomostatics[J]. SAGEEP,2009,22: 596-602
[24]曹金声.山区地震勘探中“静校不静”问题的讨论[J].石油物探,1980,19(3)：66-73
[25]邓福求,李远宏,欧泽芬.延拓校正法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1984,19(3)：224-238
[26]王进海.关于动、静校正的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(增刊)：18-32
[27]周彬忠,包吉山.山区静校正问题分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1985,20(6)：58 1-596
[28]傅旦丹,何樵登.一种改善长波长剩余静校正的算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1990,25(5)：600-608
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[30]寻浩,李志明.非线性反演方法在剩余静校正中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(4)：464-473
[31]傅旦丹.用Radon变换方法作三维剩余静校正[J].石油物探,1993,32(3)：73-78
[32]唐建侯,张金山.高效模拟退火剩余静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3)：382-387
[33]姚姚.用非线性遗传反演方法进行自动静校正[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,1996,21(1)：89-92
[34]程金星,董敏煜,秦顺亭等.三种算法联合迭代反演求取最佳剩余静校正量[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3)：416-423
[35]张昌君,韩其玉,冯弘.用基因算法估计剩余静校正量[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(增刊1)：88-92
[36]李章明,刘贤功,王顺国等.正交迭代静校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(1)：124-129
[37]刘连生.约束初至拾取与初至波剩余静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(5)：604-610
[38]傅旦丹,何樵登.地形大起伏地区静校正[J].石油物探,1997,36(3)：112-117
[39]程玖兵,王华忠,马在田.频率-空间域有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3)：389-39
[40]杨锴,王华忠,程玖兵等.非水平观测面有限差分法叠前波动方程基准面校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2)：154-162
[41]吕小林,刘洪.波动方程深度偏移波场延拓算子的快速重建[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1)：24-28
[42]王守东.复杂地表波动方程反演延拓静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1)：32-34
[43]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4)：1232-1240
[44]刘素芹,何潮观,仝兆岐.在频率-波数域实现波动方程基准面校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(1)：49-52
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