论陆九渊对佛教哲学的融摄
摘要
本文作者从陆九渊的家世及其与佛教的渊源出发，对其心学体系进行了系统的梳理与研究，找出其心学基本思想与佛教哲学之间的相似和相异之处。作者认为陆九渊对佛教哲学既有吸收又有自己的改造与发展，这种吸收与改造主要表现在三个层面：心性论、修行观、境界论。陆九渊吸收禅宗的心性本体论思想，提出自己的心即理的学说，把在孟子那里主观内在、仅仅作为道德判断主体的心，变成宇宙和人伦道德的本体。但是他所说的心与禅宗的心在内涵上有着本质区别，他所说的心不是指超越的佛性而是现实的伦理；进而其具体操作，价值取向也与佛教不同。他的心学用佛学思想发展了孟子学说，是为了给儒家伦理道德找一个本体依据，是传统儒家所关注的天人合一问题在新的历史背景下的发展。
作为一代宗师，陆九渊所走的融摄佛学的路子，不仅在中国哲学发展史上有着重大的意义，也对我们处理不同文化之间的关系有所启发。因此，我们今天在全球文化交汇融合的时代背景下重新审视陆九渊与佛学的关系就显得尤为重要。
The author study from the family background of Lujiuyuan and his contact with Buddhism, make a comprehensive research at his theory of heart, finding out the likeness and the dissimilarity of his basic thought with Buddhism philosophy. The author thinks that Lujiuyuan absorb and develop the philosophy of Buddhism, this kind of absorption and innovation represent primarily in three aspects: the theory about heart, the way of practicing moral and the view of value. Lujiuyuan absorb the basis of the Zen thoughts, putting forward his theory that mental namely reasons, change the subjective internal heart at Menzi, only act as that morals judge master, into the essence of cosmos and ethical moral. But the heart for saying have the intrinsic differentiation from the heart of the Zen on the content, his heart for saying point isn't means a extramundane Buddhism, but is a realistic ethics; Then its basic operation and the view of value is different from Zen too. He innovate Menzi's theory with the Buddhish thought, the aim is to seek a intrinsic basis for the Confucianism ethics. It is a development to the theory of nature unify with person that traditional Confucianism advocated under the new history background.
As a respectable master, the way contact Confucianism with Buddhism that Lujiuyuan walked, not only have got the important significance in Chinese philosophy developing history, but also have a great inspire to how we handle the relation of different culture. Therefore, we restudy the relation of Lujiuyuan with Buddhism seem to be particular importance at the background of world culture syncretism today.
作为一代宗师，陆九渊所走的融摄佛学的路子，不仅在中国哲学发展史上有着重大的意义，也对我们处理不同文化之间的关系有所启发。因此，我们今天在全球文化交汇融合的时代背景下重新审视陆九渊与佛学的关系就显得尤为重要。
The author study from the family background of Lujiuyuan and his contact with Buddhism, make a comprehensive research at his theory of heart, finding out the likeness and the dissimilarity of his basic thought with Buddhism philosophy. The author thinks that Lujiuyuan absorb and develop the philosophy of Buddhism, this kind of absorption and innovation represent primarily in three aspects: the theory about heart, the way of practicing moral and the view of value. Lujiuyuan absorb the basis of the Zen thoughts, putting forward his theory that mental namely reasons, change the subjective internal heart at Menzi, only act as that morals judge master, into the essence of cosmos and ethical moral. But the heart for saying have the intrinsic differentiation from the heart of the Zen on the content, his heart for saying point isn't means a extramundane Buddhism, but is a realistic ethics; Then its basic operation and the view of value is different from Zen too. He innovate Menzi's theory with the Buddhish thought, the aim is to seek a intrinsic basis for the Confucianism ethics. It is a development to the theory of nature unify with person that traditional Confucianism advocated under the new history background.
As a respectable master, the way contact Confucianism with Buddhism that Lujiuyuan walked, not only have got the important significance in Chinese philosophy developing history, but also have a great inspire to how we handle the relation of different culture. Therefore, we restudy the relation of Lujiuyuan with Buddhism seem to be particular importance at the background of world culture syncretism today.
引文
1．刘宗贤：《陆王心学研究》，山东人民出版社，1997年版
2．崔大华：《南宋陆学》，中国社会科学出版社，1984年版
3．赖永海：《佛学与儒学》，南京大学出版社，1997年版
4．徐梵澄：《陆王学述》，上海远东出版社，1994年版
5．张立文：《宋明理学研究》，人民出版社，2002年版
6．陆九渊：《陆九渊集》，中华书局，1980年版
7．杨国荣：《象山语录·阳明传习录》，上海古籍出版社，2000年版
8．侯外庐：《宋明理学史》，人民出版社，1984年(上卷)1987年(下卷)
9．张锡勤、霍方雷：《陆王心学初探》，黑龙江人民出版社，1982年版
10．牟宗三：《从陆象山到刘蕺山》，台北学生书局，1979年版
11．张岱年：《中国哲学大纲》，中国社会科学出版社，1982年版
12．胡哲敷：《陆王哲学辩微》，中华书局，1930年版
13．陈德仁：《象山心学之比较研究》，台北学生书局，1975年版
14．成中英：《合内外之道—儒家哲学论》，中国社会科学出版社，2001年版
15．杨国荣：《理性与价值》，上海三联书店，1998年版
16．成中英：《合内外之道—儒家哲学论》，中国社会科学出版社，2001年版
17．任继愈：《天人之际》，上海文艺出版社，1998年版
2．崔大华：《南宋陆学》，中国社会科学出版社，1984年版
3．赖永海：《佛学与儒学》，南京大学出版社，1997年版
4．徐梵澄：《陆王学述》，上海远东出版社，1994年版
5．张立文：《宋明理学研究》，人民出版社，2002年版
6．陆九渊：《陆九渊集》，中华书局，1980年版
7．杨国荣：《象山语录·阳明传习录》，上海古籍出版社，2000年版
8．侯外庐：《宋明理学史》，人民出版社，1984年(上卷)1987年(下卷)
9．张锡勤、霍方雷：《陆王心学初探》，黑龙江人民出版社，1982年版
10．牟宗三：《从陆象山到刘蕺山》，台北学生书局，1979年版
11．张岱年：《中国哲学大纲》，中国社会科学出版社，1982年版
12．胡哲敷：《陆王哲学辩微》，中华书局，1930年版
13．陈德仁：《象山心学之比较研究》，台北学生书局，1975年版
14．成中英：《合内外之道—儒家哲学论》，中国社会科学出版社，2001年版
15．杨国荣：《理性与价值》，上海三联书店，1998年版
16．成中英：《合内外之道—儒家哲学论》，中国社会科学出版社，2001年版
17．任继愈：《天人之际》，上海文艺出版社，1998年版