水准网测量平差软件设计与开发
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摘要
最近几年,随着社会需求和技术的发展,国家大力度地发展基础性设施建设,就有了工程项目的日益增多,而测绘工程作为一门辅助行业在其中发挥着基础性的并不可取代的作用,它是工程项目的基础。并且,现代对各种测量工程要求的精度也是越来越高,由此,测绘工程中数据的处理就显现得尤为重要,在测量工程中就一定要对数据进行严密平差,保证精度。另外针对一些工程的特殊要求各种新型的现代平差基准、模型也被应用到实际工作中。本课题的研究目的是解决测绘外业测量所得水准网数据的处理问题。为了适应现在工程需求,主要研究了工程水准网在不同平差基准下,间接平差或附一有限制条件的间接平差模型的特点并应用到测量平差软件的设计与开发中。首先对经典水准网、符合水准网和秩亏网的数据结构、误差方程系数计算、法方程的组成与解算、平差值计算、不同基准的差异及其精度评定等进行了分析,对其能够应用到软件中进行了可行性分析。利用Visual Basic6.0编程语言编写软件实现数据的录入、数据的处理、数据的输出、数据的存储与数据的管理等,用户还可以根据实际地需要对平差方案进行设置,选出最适合于实际问题的平差计算。最后运用实例对软件进行了测试,达到了预期的目的。
In recent years, with the social needs and technology development, and national efforts to develop basic facilities construction, there is a growing number of projects, surveying and mapping which works as an auxiliary industry plays a fundamental and irreplaceable role, it is the basis of the project. Modern engineering requirements on a variety of measurement accuracy is also getting higher and higher, as a result, data processing and mapping engineering appears particularly important, rigorous adjustment must be in surveying engineering data to ensure accuracy. In addition, aiming at special requirements for some projects, a variety of new adjustment benchmark or model also be applied to practical work. The purpose of this subject is to solve the data processing problem of mapping outside the industry to measure the income level of network. In order to adapt to project needs, this research mainly studies the characteristic of engineering leveling network adjustment benchmark under different adjustment datum, indirect adjustment, or the indirect adjustment model which is accompanied by the limiting condition, applied to software design and development of surveying adjustment. First analysis to data structure of classic level network, meet level network and rank defect network, the error equation coefficient calculation, the composition and solution of the normal equation, the adjusted value calculation, the difference and precision evaluation of different reference, its feasibility analysis can be applied to software. Use Visual Basic6.0programming language to write software for data entry, data processing, data output, data storage and data management and so on, according to the actual needs, users can set adjustment scheme to elect the most suitable one for practical problem of adjustment calculation. Finally apply instance to test software and achieve the intended purpose.
In recent years, with the social needs and technology development, and national efforts to develop basic facilities construction, there is a growing number of projects, surveying and mapping which works as an auxiliary industry plays a fundamental and irreplaceable role, it is the basis of the project. Modern engineering requirements on a variety of measurement accuracy is also getting higher and higher, as a result, data processing and mapping engineering appears particularly important, rigorous adjustment must be in surveying engineering data to ensure accuracy. In addition, aiming at special requirements for some projects, a variety of new adjustment benchmark or model also be applied to practical work. The purpose of this subject is to solve the data processing problem of mapping outside the industry to measure the income level of network. In order to adapt to project needs, this research mainly studies the characteristic of engineering leveling network adjustment benchmark under different adjustment datum, indirect adjustment, or the indirect adjustment model which is accompanied by the limiting condition, applied to software design and development of surveying adjustment. First analysis to data structure of classic level network, meet level network and rank defect network, the error equation coefficient calculation, the composition and solution of the normal equation, the adjusted value calculation, the difference and precision evaluation of different reference, its feasibility analysis can be applied to software. Use Visual Basic6.0programming language to write software for data entry, data processing, data output, data storage and data management and so on, according to the actual needs, users can set adjustment scheme to elect the most suitable one for practical problem of adjustment calculation. Finally apply instance to test software and achieve the intended purpose.
引文
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[2]金书林,马金铃,王菊真.误差原理与测量平差理论[M].煤炭工业出版社,1989.
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[4]刘钢,杨崇礼,王永生,何学仪.Visual Basic 6.0程序设计[M].中国民航出版社,2000.
[5]崔希璋,陶本藻.矩阵在测量中的应用[M].测绘出版社,1980.
[6]王新洲.测量平差[M].水利电力出版社,1991.
[7]孔祥元,梅是义主编.控制测量学[M].北京：测绘出版社,1991.
[8]郭艳梅,殷晓波,张黎,刘春霞主编.Visual Basic程序设计[M].国防科技大学出版社,2008.
[9]奠卫东.Visual Basic 6.0高级编程技巧[M].西安交通大学出版社,2000.
[10]王正明,测量数据建模与参数估计[M].国防科技大学出版社,1996.
[11]周世虎,边红文.水准网平差系统介绍[J].北京测绘,2007(4)：59～61.
[12]张忠民.间接平差法程序设计的思路及体会[J].安徽：三晋测绘,1999(3)：38～42.
[13]李建章.基于MATLAB的水准网平差程序设计[J].兰州交通大学学报,2009(3)：29～31.
[14]张东明.水准网平差程序的设计与实现[J].昆明冶金高等专科学校学报,2000(4)：8～9.
[15]王娟,王东.浅议自由网平差与程序设计[J].城市勘测,2011,6(3)：122～125.
[16]陶本藻.自由网平差与变形分析[M].北京：测绘出版社,1982.
[17]岳建平,田林亚.变形监测技术与应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2007.
[18]黄声享,尹晖,蒋征.变形监测数据处理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[19]黄腾.地铁隧道沉降监测基准网的稳定性分析[J].铁道勘察,2006(5)：1～3.
[20]徐文.导线网平差系统的设计与实现[D].西安：西安科技大学,2011.
[21]朱永松,程曦.导线网平差算法设计与实现[J].湖北工业大学学报,2005,(04)：71～75.
[22]倪宏宇.变形观测处理系统的研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2006.
[23]黄晴.基于VB的网络管理系统的设计与实现[D].上海：华东师范大学,2007.
[24]宋霜霜.卧龙湖煤矿主副井井架基础沉降监测研究[D].淮南：安徽理工大学,2009.
[25]武继军,胡圣武.测量平差的基准方程与相对形变及其精度分析[J].煤炭学报,2007(8)：808～812.
[26]郭小龙,周世建,鞠玉祥,吴光明.测量平差电算程序中矩阵求逆实现与优化[J].化工矿产地质,2004(2)：101～106.
[27]张勇,严丽.沉降观测数据处理中基准的确定与精度的研究[J].铁道勘察,2009(3)：61～82.
[28]王海城,何义斌,王雯涛.沉降监测数据处理软件系统的设计与开发[J].测绘科学,2008(10)： 205～206.
[29]邱飞廷,董坤烽,李朝光,张建堂.带基准权的秩亏自由网平差及其应用[J].江西科学,2010(5)：666～668.
[30]黄鸿闻,王文利.国家高精度水准网动态平差的基准[J].测绘标准化,2001(1)：8～19.
[31]赵亚红,周文国.基于Matlab的水准网间接平差程序设计[J].华北科技学院学报,2011(3)：58～60.
[32]许刚,马路,赵丽.基于VB6.0的矿区水准网综合平差程序的开发[J].矿山测量,2011(5)：69～72.
[33]王磊,谭志祥等.基于MATLAB的水准网经典平差系统的开发和应用[J].测绘科学：2010(5).
[34]张美微,余学祥,邓蓉蓉,汪佳.基于VB的水准网平差软件的设计与实现[J].北京测绘,2011(1)：78～80.
[35]梅连辉,郭际明,周命端,张虹.基于VB平台的水准网平差软件开发研究[J].测绘信息与工程,2011(6)：32～34.
[36]刘敏.基于数据库编程在测量平差中的应用[J].山西建筑,2007(17)：367～368.
[37]艾松涛,黎展荣,张沛.加密导线网平差程序的设计与实现[J].测绘信息与工程,2002(6)：8～10.
[38]李井春,夏立福,张正禄.监测网参考基准的选取与统一[J].测绘通报,2008(8)：17～20.
[39]李晓红,张淑强.经典网和自由网平差的基准及其在变形分析中的应用[J].红水河,2010(2)：84～86.
[40]黄汝麟.控制网观测数据预处理与平差处理软件系统[J].人民长江,2002(6)：48～50.
[41]谢智颖,李清泉,彭军还.面向对象的测量平差软件设计与网络化应用[J].武汉大学学报,2003(5)：604～607.
[42]万斐,陈艳艳.拟稳平差在测量数据处理中的应用[J].地理空间信息,2008(6)：79～81.
[43]龚涛,赵国亮.适于多种函数模型的测量平差软件[J].四川测绘,2001(1)：32～34.
[44]陶本藻.现代平差模型及其应用[J].南京信息工程大学学报,2009(1)：27～31.
[45]陶本藻.自由网平差[J].工程勘察,1999(3)：42～45.
[46]杨元喜,张丽萍.坐标基准维持与动态监测网数据处理[J].武汉大学学报,2007(11)：967～971.
[47]武汉测绘科技大学测量平差教研室.测量平差基础(第三版)[M].测绘出版社,1996.
[48]Yang Yuan, d, He Haibo, Xu Guochang. A New Adaptively Robust Filteringf or Kinematic Geodetic Positioning[J]. Journal of Geodesy,2001,75(2):109-116.
[49]Yang Yuanxi, Gao Weiguang. An Optimal Adaptive Kalman Filter[J]. Journal of Geodesy,2006, 80; 177-183.
[50]Koch K R. Parameterschiitzung and hypothesentests in linearenmodellen[M]. Bonn:D imm ler, 1980.
[51]Schaffrin B.Ober die verwendung stochastscher vorinformation in freine netzen [M].Symposium der FIG Kommissionen 5/6 Graaz.Osterreich,1984.
[52]Baarda, W A Testing Procedure for Use in Geodetic Networks. Netherlands Geodetic commission. Publication on Geodesy, No.5, Delft,1968.
[53]P. Meissl. Least Squares Adjustment a Modern Approch.Technischen Universitat Craz,1982.
[54]K. R. Koch. Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing Linear Models. Springer-Verlag,1980.
[2]金书林,马金铃,王菊真.误差原理与测量平差理论[M].煤炭工业出版社,1989.
[3]张凤举,张华海,赵长胜,孟鲁闽,卢秀山.大地测量学(上)[M].煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[4]刘钢,杨崇礼,王永生,何学仪.Visual Basic 6.0程序设计[M].中国民航出版社,2000.
[5]崔希璋,陶本藻.矩阵在测量中的应用[M].测绘出版社,1980.
[6]王新洲.测量平差[M].水利电力出版社,1991.
[7]孔祥元,梅是义主编.控制测量学[M].北京：测绘出版社,1991.
[8]郭艳梅,殷晓波,张黎,刘春霞主编.Visual Basic程序设计[M].国防科技大学出版社,2008.
[9]奠卫东.Visual Basic 6.0高级编程技巧[M].西安交通大学出版社,2000.
[10]王正明,测量数据建模与参数估计[M].国防科技大学出版社,1996.
[11]周世虎,边红文.水准网平差系统介绍[J].北京测绘,2007(4)：59～61.
[12]张忠民.间接平差法程序设计的思路及体会[J].安徽：三晋测绘,1999(3)：38～42.
[13]李建章.基于MATLAB的水准网平差程序设计[J].兰州交通大学学报,2009(3)：29～31.
[14]张东明.水准网平差程序的设计与实现[J].昆明冶金高等专科学校学报,2000(4)：8～9.
[15]王娟,王东.浅议自由网平差与程序设计[J].城市勘测,2011,6(3)：122～125.
[16]陶本藻.自由网平差与变形分析[M].北京：测绘出版社,1982.
[17]岳建平,田林亚.变形监测技术与应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2007.
[18]黄声享,尹晖,蒋征.变形监测数据处理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[19]黄腾.地铁隧道沉降监测基准网的稳定性分析[J].铁道勘察,2006(5)：1～3.
[20]徐文.导线网平差系统的设计与实现[D].西安：西安科技大学,2011.
[21]朱永松,程曦.导线网平差算法设计与实现[J].湖北工业大学学报,2005,(04)：71～75.
[22]倪宏宇.变形观测处理系统的研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2006.
[23]黄晴.基于VB的网络管理系统的设计与实现[D].上海：华东师范大学,2007.
[24]宋霜霜.卧龙湖煤矿主副井井架基础沉降监测研究[D].淮南：安徽理工大学,2009.
[25]武继军,胡圣武.测量平差的基准方程与相对形变及其精度分析[J].煤炭学报,2007(8)：808～812.
[26]郭小龙,周世建,鞠玉祥,吴光明.测量平差电算程序中矩阵求逆实现与优化[J].化工矿产地质,2004(2)：101～106.
[27]张勇,严丽.沉降观测数据处理中基准的确定与精度的研究[J].铁道勘察,2009(3)：61～82.
[28]王海城,何义斌,王雯涛.沉降监测数据处理软件系统的设计与开发[J].测绘科学,2008(10)： 205～206.
[29]邱飞廷,董坤烽,李朝光,张建堂.带基准权的秩亏自由网平差及其应用[J].江西科学,2010(5)：666～668.
[30]黄鸿闻,王文利.国家高精度水准网动态平差的基准[J].测绘标准化,2001(1)：8～19.
[31]赵亚红,周文国.基于Matlab的水准网间接平差程序设计[J].华北科技学院学报,2011(3)：58～60.
[32]许刚,马路,赵丽.基于VB6.0的矿区水准网综合平差程序的开发[J].矿山测量,2011(5)：69～72.
[33]王磊,谭志祥等.基于MATLAB的水准网经典平差系统的开发和应用[J].测绘科学：2010(5).
[34]张美微,余学祥,邓蓉蓉,汪佳.基于VB的水准网平差软件的设计与实现[J].北京测绘,2011(1)：78～80.
[35]梅连辉,郭际明,周命端,张虹.基于VB平台的水准网平差软件开发研究[J].测绘信息与工程,2011(6)：32～34.
[36]刘敏.基于数据库编程在测量平差中的应用[J].山西建筑,2007(17)：367～368.
[37]艾松涛,黎展荣,张沛.加密导线网平差程序的设计与实现[J].测绘信息与工程,2002(6)：8～10.
[38]李井春,夏立福,张正禄.监测网参考基准的选取与统一[J].测绘通报,2008(8)：17～20.
[39]李晓红,张淑强.经典网和自由网平差的基准及其在变形分析中的应用[J].红水河,2010(2)：84～86.
[40]黄汝麟.控制网观测数据预处理与平差处理软件系统[J].人民长江,2002(6)：48～50.
[41]谢智颖,李清泉,彭军还.面向对象的测量平差软件设计与网络化应用[J].武汉大学学报,2003(5)：604～607.
[42]万斐,陈艳艳.拟稳平差在测量数据处理中的应用[J].地理空间信息,2008(6)：79～81.
[43]龚涛,赵国亮.适于多种函数模型的测量平差软件[J].四川测绘,2001(1)：32～34.
[44]陶本藻.现代平差模型及其应用[J].南京信息工程大学学报,2009(1)：27～31.
[45]陶本藻.自由网平差[J].工程勘察,1999(3)：42～45.
[46]杨元喜,张丽萍.坐标基准维持与动态监测网数据处理[J].武汉大学学报,2007(11)：967～971.
[47]武汉测绘科技大学测量平差教研室.测量平差基础(第三版)[M].测绘出版社,1996.
[48]Yang Yuan, d, He Haibo, Xu Guochang. A New Adaptively Robust Filteringf or Kinematic Geodetic Positioning[J]. Journal of Geodesy,2001,75(2):109-116.
[49]Yang Yuanxi, Gao Weiguang. An Optimal Adaptive Kalman Filter[J]. Journal of Geodesy,2006, 80; 177-183.
[50]Koch K R. Parameterschiitzung and hypothesentests in linearenmodellen[M]. Bonn:D imm ler, 1980.
[51]Schaffrin B.Ober die verwendung stochastscher vorinformation in freine netzen [M].Symposium der FIG Kommissionen 5/6 Graaz.Osterreich,1984.
[52]Baarda, W A Testing Procedure for Use in Geodetic Networks. Netherlands Geodetic commission. Publication on Geodesy, No.5, Delft,1968.
[53]P. Meissl. Least Squares Adjustment a Modern Approch.Technischen Universitat Craz,1982.
[54]K. R. Koch. Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing Linear Models. Springer-Verlag,1980.