快速光谱分析系统
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摘要
随着科技的飞速发展,推动光谱分析技术在物理化学理论研究、工农业生产、国防、交通、照明等领域学科得到了极广泛的应用。而传统光谱分析系统由于体积大、扫描速度慢等缺陷,应用于大批量产品检测等方面不现实,极大地限制了其应用。高精度快速光谱分析系统的研究成为该系统发展的重要趋势之一。
本课题设计了一款基于USB2.0接口技术,采用平面衍射光栅作为分光元件,可控恒温线阵SSPD作为探测器,可以实现高精度快速测量的光谱分析系统。本系统设计定位在主要测试较强光,因此对灵敏度要求相应较低。
文中首先分析了光谱仪发展的动态,并给出了本课题研究的实际意义。然后紧密结合CIE相关文件介绍了采用分光法实现光谱分析的原理,并对SSPD探测器进行了分析,介绍了分光系统,给出了采用滤色片轮转配合软件滤波滤除杂散光和噪声影响的设计方法。
接着详细介绍了系统的硬件和软件组成及其实现,并根据系统快速和高精度测量的要求给出了自适应照度积分方法。实际光谱测量中可以选择快速测量和高精度测量,满足不同的需要。
最后,介绍了波长校正和光谱定标的方法;并且采用数值分析法等,对分光法测量LED颜色不确定度作了仿真和实际结果对比分析,验证本系统的各项指标。结果表明,该系统具有良好的线性和可重复测量性,颜色测量不确定度在0.001左右,满足高精度测量要求。
With the development of techniques, the technique of Spectrum analysis has been widely used in many fields, such as research of physical chemistry basics, industrial and agriculture production, national defense, traffic and illumination. Traditional spectrometer's cubic content is large and the scanning speed is slow, so it cannot satisfy the need of current development such as measuring typical products in mass production. The High Accuracy Array Spectrometer is a trend of the spectrometer.
This paper designs a High Accuracy Array Spectrometer which is based on USB2.0 interface. This spectrometer which achieves the measuring fast with high accuracy uses plane grating as spectro-grating and linear array SSPD whose operating temperature can be controlled as detection element.
Firstly, this paper analyzes retrospect of the development of spectrometer and the research meanings. It introduces the Spectroradiometric method which is based on the related paper of CIE and dispersion system, analyzes the SSPD, and designs a method to remove stray light and noise by controlling the optical filter and software algorithm.
Then, the hardware and software are introduced detailedly. This dissertation proposes a new method to get the integration time automatically and fast with high accuracy. To enough the different needs, in measuring, there are two methods, fast measuring and high accuracy measuring, to select.
At last, the calibration of spectrum and respone is introduced, and the measurement uncertainties in the color measurement of LEDs by spectroradiometric method are emulated. The results measured by this system are with high accuracy by contrasting with the emulation. This system, which is 0.001 in color uncertainty, is very good in linearity and repeatability.
本课题设计了一款基于USB2.0接口技术,采用平面衍射光栅作为分光元件,可控恒温线阵SSPD作为探测器,可以实现高精度快速测量的光谱分析系统。本系统设计定位在主要测试较强光,因此对灵敏度要求相应较低。
文中首先分析了光谱仪发展的动态,并给出了本课题研究的实际意义。然后紧密结合CIE相关文件介绍了采用分光法实现光谱分析的原理,并对SSPD探测器进行了分析,介绍了分光系统,给出了采用滤色片轮转配合软件滤波滤除杂散光和噪声影响的设计方法。
接着详细介绍了系统的硬件和软件组成及其实现,并根据系统快速和高精度测量的要求给出了自适应照度积分方法。实际光谱测量中可以选择快速测量和高精度测量,满足不同的需要。
最后,介绍了波长校正和光谱定标的方法;并且采用数值分析法等,对分光法测量LED颜色不确定度作了仿真和实际结果对比分析,验证本系统的各项指标。结果表明,该系统具有良好的线性和可重复测量性,颜色测量不确定度在0.001左右,满足高精度测量要求。
With the development of techniques, the technique of Spectrum analysis has been widely used in many fields, such as research of physical chemistry basics, industrial and agriculture production, national defense, traffic and illumination. Traditional spectrometer's cubic content is large and the scanning speed is slow, so it cannot satisfy the need of current development such as measuring typical products in mass production. The High Accuracy Array Spectrometer is a trend of the spectrometer.
This paper designs a High Accuracy Array Spectrometer which is based on USB2.0 interface. This spectrometer which achieves the measuring fast with high accuracy uses plane grating as spectro-grating and linear array SSPD whose operating temperature can be controlled as detection element.
Firstly, this paper analyzes retrospect of the development of spectrometer and the research meanings. It introduces the Spectroradiometric method which is based on the related paper of CIE and dispersion system, analyzes the SSPD, and designs a method to remove stray light and noise by controlling the optical filter and software algorithm.
Then, the hardware and software are introduced detailedly. This dissertation proposes a new method to get the integration time automatically and fast with high accuracy. To enough the different needs, in measuring, there are two methods, fast measuring and high accuracy measuring, to select.
At last, the calibration of spectrum and respone is introduced, and the measurement uncertainties in the color measurement of LEDs by spectroradiometric method are emulated. The results measured by this system are with high accuracy by contrasting with the emulation. This system, which is 0.001 in color uncertainty, is very good in linearity and repeatability.
引文
[1]于常青,刘杰,李家泽.光学多通道分析仪的分辨率分析[J].光学技术.2001.27(2):97-99.
[2]范世福.光谱技术和仪器的新发展[J].光学仪器,2002,22(4):35-40.
[3]李全臣,蒋月娟.光谱仪器原理[M].北京理工大学出版社.1999.
[4]周太明,周详,蔡伟新.光源原理与设计[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.2006.
[5]王晶,王进,陈静波等.白光LED色度特性研究[J].光电子.激光.2006.17(7):899-901.
[6]雷勇,范广涵,廖常俊等.功率型白光LED的热特性研究[J].光电子.激光.2006.17(8):899-901.
[7]CIE 127-1997.Measurement of LED[S].
[8]蔡伟智.LED峰值波长测试校验的探讨[J].理论与研究.2005.6:4-7.
[9]CIE 63-1984.The Spectroradiometric Measurement of Light Sources[S].
[10]CIE 15.2-1986.Colorimetry.second edition[S].
[11]吴继宗,叶关荣.光辐射测量[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1992.
[12]郁道银,谈恒英.工程光学.[M]北京:机械工业出版社.1999.
[13]David Baker.Colorimetry with a diode array spectrometer[J].SPIE VOL.1681 Optically Based Methods for Process Analysis.1992:108-115.
[14]W.Blouke and J.Janesick,Charge coupled semiconductor devices[J].RCA Rev.,1970 49:587-593.
[15]王庆有.CCD应用技术[M].天津大学出版社.2000.
[16]Gleen E.Healey,Raghava Kondepudy.Radiometric CCD Camera Calibration.and Noise Estimation[J].IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,1994.1(16):267-276.
[17]张智辉,田地.线阵CCD阵列检测系统设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2003.10:33-35.
[18]缪家鼎,徐文娟,牟同升.光电技术[M].浙江大学出版社.1996.
[19]孟爱萍,林勇,周晓燕.SSPD器件及其应用[J].山东电子.1999.1:34-35.
[20]王学军,孔祥兵,王雅丽等.CCD标定BBO-OPO波长输出闭环控制系统设计[J].量子电子学报.2003.20(4):439.
[21]周建康,沈为民唐敏学.CCD测量动态范围的扩展技术[J].光电工程.2006.10:96-100.
[22]薛利军,李自田,李长乐等.光谱成傢仪CCD焦平面组件非均匀性校正技术研究[J].光子学报.2006.5:693-696.
[23]Christopher Allen Gersham.Near-Infraed Spectroscopy Utilizing Array Detector Technology[D].the Doctor Paper of the University of Arizona,1998.
[24]陈乐君.基于快速光谱仪分析测试系统的研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文.2006:27.
[25]陈之宜.单色仪杂散光的一种测试方法[J].湖北工学院学报,2000.9:66-68.
[26]黄强.空间光学系统的杂散光分析[J].红外,2006.1:26-33.
[27]边海龙,贾少华.USB2.0设备的设计与开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2004.1.
[28]Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0[Z].
[29]扈啸,张王己,张连超.USB2.0控制器CY7C68013特点与应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2002.10:48-54.
[30]Cypress Semiconductor.CY7C68013 EZ-USB FX2 USB Microcontroller High-Speed USB Peripheral Controller[Z].Cypress Semiconductor,2001.
[31]Texas Instruments,ADS8401,16-BIT,1.25MSPS,UNIPOLAR INPUT,MICRO POWER SAMPLING ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER WITH PARALLEL INTERFACE AND REFERENCE[Z].2003.
[32]Analog Device.ADG408/ADG409 LC~2MOS 4-/8-Channel High Performance Analog Multiplexers[Z].1998.
[33]赛普拉斯半导体公司Greg Nalder.用于Windows操作系统的通用USB[Z].
[34]Cypress Semiconductor.Cypress CyAPI Programmer's Reference,2003.
[35]洪煜深,王秋泉,严华等.高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用中的连续数字信号采集和处理[J].光谱学和光谱分析,2003.23(2):354-357.
[36]曾延安,梁荫中.CCD在光谱分析系统中的应用研究[J].敏通科技,1998.11:34-35.
[37]张铁强,郑咏梅.CCD光谱谱线标定方法研究[J].光学技术.2002.5:257-258.
[38]李有法.数值计算方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996.
[39]沈杭城,潘建根,冯华君等.多通道快速光谱仪的波长定标[J].光学仪器.2006.4:51-55.
[40]陈文芗.多道光谱检测中CCD响应曲线的校正[J].分析仪器.2004,4:34-36.
[41]王传珂,刘慎业,王哲斌等.科学级光学CCD谱响应与面均匀性标定方法[J].核电子学与探测技术.2000.7:474-477.
[42]刘丽,刘秉琦,武东生等.一种校正CCD摄像系统非线性的新方法[J].传感器与仪器仪表,2006.22(7-1):160-161.
[43]刘明华,余模智,何平安等.线阵CCD采集系统的非线性度测量[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报.1996.12.399-402.
[44]Yanghai Tsin,Visvanathan Ramesh,Takeo Kanade.Statistical Calibration of CCD Imaging Process[J].IEEE,2001:480-487.
[45]李金海.误差理论与测量不确定度评定[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2003.11:108.
[46]马瑞萍,杨海波.评定测量系统不确定度的方法[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2002.7:462-464.
[47]李刚.误差与测量不确定度分析[J].广西电力,2006.4:68-72.
[48]ISO.Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement[S],second edition.1995.
[49]J.L.Gardner,Uncertainty Estimation in Colour Measurement[J].COLOR research and application,2000.25(5):349-355.
[50]Ohno,Y.Color Rendering and Luminous Efficacy of White LED Spectra[J].Proc.Of SPIE 5530,2004:88-98.
[51]Pan Jiangen,Shen Haiping,Feng Huajun,etal.Accurate assessment of fl' value of fine photometer heads[J].Metrologia,2005.42(4):239-245.
[2]范世福.光谱技术和仪器的新发展[J].光学仪器,2002,22(4):35-40.
[3]李全臣,蒋月娟.光谱仪器原理[M].北京理工大学出版社.1999.
[4]周太明,周详,蔡伟新.光源原理与设计[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.2006.
[5]王晶,王进,陈静波等.白光LED色度特性研究[J].光电子.激光.2006.17(7):899-901.
[6]雷勇,范广涵,廖常俊等.功率型白光LED的热特性研究[J].光电子.激光.2006.17(8):899-901.
[7]CIE 127-1997.Measurement of LED[S].
[8]蔡伟智.LED峰值波长测试校验的探讨[J].理论与研究.2005.6:4-7.
[9]CIE 63-1984.The Spectroradiometric Measurement of Light Sources[S].
[10]CIE 15.2-1986.Colorimetry.second edition[S].
[11]吴继宗,叶关荣.光辐射测量[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1992.
[12]郁道银,谈恒英.工程光学.[M]北京:机械工业出版社.1999.
[13]David Baker.Colorimetry with a diode array spectrometer[J].SPIE VOL.1681 Optically Based Methods for Process Analysis.1992:108-115.
[14]W.Blouke and J.Janesick,Charge coupled semiconductor devices[J].RCA Rev.,1970 49:587-593.
[15]王庆有.CCD应用技术[M].天津大学出版社.2000.
[16]Gleen E.Healey,Raghava Kondepudy.Radiometric CCD Camera Calibration.and Noise Estimation[J].IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,1994.1(16):267-276.
[17]张智辉,田地.线阵CCD阵列检测系统设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2003.10:33-35.
[18]缪家鼎,徐文娟,牟同升.光电技术[M].浙江大学出版社.1996.
[19]孟爱萍,林勇,周晓燕.SSPD器件及其应用[J].山东电子.1999.1:34-35.
[20]王学军,孔祥兵,王雅丽等.CCD标定BBO-OPO波长输出闭环控制系统设计[J].量子电子学报.2003.20(4):439.
[21]周建康,沈为民唐敏学.CCD测量动态范围的扩展技术[J].光电工程.2006.10:96-100.
[22]薛利军,李自田,李长乐等.光谱成傢仪CCD焦平面组件非均匀性校正技术研究[J].光子学报.2006.5:693-696.
[23]Christopher Allen Gersham.Near-Infraed Spectroscopy Utilizing Array Detector Technology[D].the Doctor Paper of the University of Arizona,1998.
[24]陈乐君.基于快速光谱仪分析测试系统的研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文.2006:27.
[25]陈之宜.单色仪杂散光的一种测试方法[J].湖北工学院学报,2000.9:66-68.
[26]黄强.空间光学系统的杂散光分析[J].红外,2006.1:26-33.
[27]边海龙,贾少华.USB2.0设备的设计与开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2004.1.
[28]Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0[Z].
[29]扈啸,张王己,张连超.USB2.0控制器CY7C68013特点与应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2002.10:48-54.
[30]Cypress Semiconductor.CY7C68013 EZ-USB FX2 USB Microcontroller High-Speed USB Peripheral Controller[Z].Cypress Semiconductor,2001.
[31]Texas Instruments,ADS8401,16-BIT,1.25MSPS,UNIPOLAR INPUT,MICRO POWER SAMPLING ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER WITH PARALLEL INTERFACE AND REFERENCE[Z].2003.
[32]Analog Device.ADG408/ADG409 LC~2MOS 4-/8-Channel High Performance Analog Multiplexers[Z].1998.
[33]赛普拉斯半导体公司Greg Nalder.用于Windows操作系统的通用USB[Z].
[34]Cypress Semiconductor.Cypress CyAPI Programmer's Reference,2003.
[35]洪煜深,王秋泉,严华等.高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用中的连续数字信号采集和处理[J].光谱学和光谱分析,2003.23(2):354-357.
[36]曾延安,梁荫中.CCD在光谱分析系统中的应用研究[J].敏通科技,1998.11:34-35.
[37]张铁强,郑咏梅.CCD光谱谱线标定方法研究[J].光学技术.2002.5:257-258.
[38]李有法.数值计算方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996.
[39]沈杭城,潘建根,冯华君等.多通道快速光谱仪的波长定标[J].光学仪器.2006.4:51-55.
[40]陈文芗.多道光谱检测中CCD响应曲线的校正[J].分析仪器.2004,4:34-36.
[41]王传珂,刘慎业,王哲斌等.科学级光学CCD谱响应与面均匀性标定方法[J].核电子学与探测技术.2000.7:474-477.
[42]刘丽,刘秉琦,武东生等.一种校正CCD摄像系统非线性的新方法[J].传感器与仪器仪表,2006.22(7-1):160-161.
[43]刘明华,余模智,何平安等.线阵CCD采集系统的非线性度测量[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报.1996.12.399-402.
[44]Yanghai Tsin,Visvanathan Ramesh,Takeo Kanade.Statistical Calibration of CCD Imaging Process[J].IEEE,2001:480-487.
[45]李金海.误差理论与测量不确定度评定[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2003.11:108.
[46]马瑞萍,杨海波.评定测量系统不确定度的方法[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2002.7:462-464.
[47]李刚.误差与测量不确定度分析[J].广西电力,2006.4:68-72.
[48]ISO.Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement[S],second edition.1995.
[49]J.L.Gardner,Uncertainty Estimation in Colour Measurement[J].COLOR research and application,2000.25(5):349-355.
[50]Ohno,Y.Color Rendering and Luminous Efficacy of White LED Spectra[J].Proc.Of SPIE 5530,2004:88-98.
[51]Pan Jiangen,Shen Haiping,Feng Huajun,etal.Accurate assessment of fl' value of fine photometer heads[J].Metrologia,2005.42(4):239-245.