“我们”视野中的“他者”文学
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摘要
本文以冷战期间(1950-1991)美英对中国“十七年文学”的解读为研究对象,探讨两国在“冷战”这样一个特定的时段内怎样言说中国的“十七年文学”,及这种言说背后隐藏的话语机制。这里,“冷战”主要为一种广义的时代背景及影响研究者解读的重要因素,但研究中又时时警惕过于夸大其作用而导致遮蔽其它因素,因为研究者的言说还受特定民族文化传统、个体价值取向、审美趣味等方面制约。研究国家选择美英,既由于它们是冷战资本主义阵营一方的代表国,也因为其研究构成了海外汉学界研究中国“十七年文学”的主体。
本文将冷战期间美英对中国“十七年文学”的解读分为三个时段：1950-1960年代,1970年代,1980-1990年代初；具体研究则围绕“谁在看”、“看什么”、“怎么看”、“为什么这样看”的问题展开,既努力在共时层面上揭示出美英学界如何言说中国“十七年文学”的根本问题,同时还历时性地勾勒出其言说发展的清晰过程。
论文分为四个部分：
第一章分阶段探讨冷战期间美英两国解读中国“十七年文学”的论者的身份问题。两国言说者主要由西方本土研究者与华裔研究者两部分力量组成。他们的言说,由于所处社会历史文化语境的相同而呈现某些相似特征；同时也由于族裔身份、成长背景等方面的差异而有所不同,正是这种差异使美英对中国“十七年文学”的言说显出了多样性的特点。而不同历史阶段西方本土与华裔研究者所形成的不同身份认同模式,促使美英对中国“十七年文学”的解读呈现出了阶段性变化的特征。
第二章以冷战期间美英两国那些收录了中国“十七年文学”的重要选本为研究对象,研究不同阶段哪些“十七年文学”作品进入了美英研究者的视野、这些选本的特点、及支配选者编选的价值理念。以选本为研究对象,是考虑到选本也是一种特殊的批评方式,选家的“选”与“不选”本身即是对作品的读解与价值判断。1950-1960年代,美英学界收录中国“十七年文学”的选本及这些选本中的“十七年文学”作品数量均不多,但它们却体现了不同的倾向：部分编选者受“冷战思维”制约,所选作品多为与新中国文学规范不符的“异端”作品；一些西方本土研究者表现出了对中国传统文化的偏爱与好奇；但也有学者更关注作品的审美特性。1970年代,两国与“十七年文学”相关的选本数量有了较大增长,且其中所选作品多为“十七年文学”中更为“正统”的作品。选者对“十七年文学”的整体评价有所提高；也还有部分学者对“十七年文学”与中国传统文学、文化的关系更感兴趣,以此出发选择作品。1980-1990年代初,两国收录了“十七年文学”的选本数目虽不多,但“十七年文学”在其中所占比重较之前两时期却有所增长。尽管多数学者从“十七年文学”与政治的关系角度选择、言说作品,但其立场更为客观,促进了“十七年文学”在海外的传播。
第三章考察了冷战期间美英研究者对中国“十七年文学”的翻译问题,研究不同时期两国翻译活动的发展趋势、整体特征,及背后的社会历史文化原因。翻译也是一种阐释,是译者基于自身对原作的理解,将其从源语言转化为目的语的行为,一定程度上反映出了译者的价值取向、审美趣味乃至整体的时代特征。1950-1960年代的翻译有意渲染、夸大了原作的政治批判性,未能忠实地传达原文的内容、情感；1970年代的翻译整体水平有所提高,译者大多能忠实地再现原文的情感意蕴,部分西方本土译者表现出了对原文谚语、历史典故的喜好,注重传达原文的“异国情调”；1980-1990年代初的译者人数大幅增加,由于译者间翻译意图、审美倾向,特别是学识的差异,这一时期的翻译质量参差不齐,呈现出驳杂状态。
最后一章研究了冷战期间美英解读中国“十七年文学”的批评文章与论著。它们主要集中于“十七年”间的文学思潮与批判运动、毛泽东文艺、现代重要作家转型,以及作品的思想内容与艺术形式几层面。本章分别介绍不同阶段美英研究者对这些层面的言说,分析其各个阶段的基本立场、言说重点、研究方法,以及不同时期言说发生变化的原因,并总结其一般趋势,以期更完整、清晰地揭示美英的中国“十七年文学”观。
This dissertation focuses on the study of the interpretations of Chinese literature in 1949～66 during the "Cold War" in the American and British academia by discussing the questions "How the American and British scholars interpreted Chinese literature in 1949-66 during the'Cold War'" and " What the hidden discourse mechanism has been conducted ". In the terms of the "Cold War" in this paper, it is defined as the historical context in the broad sense and the special perspective in this research. As is not emphasized purposefully, the researcher's description and judgment cannot avoid being influenced by her cultural tradition, social thoughts and individual identity. The British and American researchers are chosen for the subjects because of two reasons. One is that they used to be the representative members of the " Capitalism Camp " during the "Cold War", and the other is that their interpretations is one of the important parts in sinological research on the Chinese Literature in 1949-66.
The interpretations of the Chinese Literature in 1949-66 during the "Cold War" in the American and British academia are divided into three periods chronologically in this paper:1950s-60s,1970s and from 1980s to early 1990s. The specific research aims to reveal how the British and American researchers interpreted Chinese literature in 1949～66 synchronically and outline the clear developing process of the interpretations diachronically by answering the questions:"who observed", "what was observed", "how to observe" and "why to observe ".
This dissertation includes four parts:
The fist chapter targets at discussing the identities of the researchers who were involved in the research on Chinese literature in 1949～66 in Great Britain and America during the "Cold War". Findings in this chapter illustrate that scholars in the two nations were composed of native westerners and Chinese immigrants. Their interpretations of Chinese literature in 1949～66 resembled due to the same living background they were in. But the interpretations also varied because of their own distinctive nationalities and personal taste. Such differences led to diversity. For the different identity of research mode between native westerners and Chinese emigrants scholars, the interpretations also present the periodical changes.
The second chapter concentrates on what sort of Chinese literary works in 1949～66 were selected by British and American researchers in their anthologies at different stages and why they were selected. The results are:during 1950s-60s, the numbers of the anthologies about the Chinese literature in 1949～66 and the works selceted in them are small. But the trends were quite different. Some researchers selected literary works that differed from the Chinese literary ideological standard by the influence of "Cold War Thoughts"; some of the native westerners showed curious and referent attitudes toward Chinese traditional culture; and some of researchers paid more attention to the appreciation of beauty in the literary works. In 1970s, the number of the selected works increased greatly, and most of the selections were the orthodox works. Even though selectors'comment on the works have been better, there were still some researchers who only showed more interest in the relationship between Chinese old literature and the new literature. During 1980s to early 1990s, numbers of the relevant selections decreased, but the number of the literary works increased on the contrary. Although many researchers selected and interpreted literary works in the dimension of politics, their stand-point tended to be more objective and useful for the spread of Chinese literary in 1949-66 overseas.
The third chapter mainly talks about British and American scholars'translation of Chinese literature in 1949～66, exploring the overall features, trends and the further hidden social, historical and cultural reasons of the translated issues at different periods. Findings are:during 1950s-60s, they were overstating the fact that Chinese literary critics'critical views on administration and social problems and failed to express the feelings and emotions of the original works in the translated work. In 1970s, as the translation has been improved greatly, most translators could faithfully express the meaning of the original works. However, some translators of native westerners tended to be more interested in idioms and literary quotations of the original works, and they preferred to keep the alien flavor. From 1980s to the early 1990s, more translators were involved in the translating. Due to the difference of the individual intention, appreciation taste, translation quality varied.
The last chapter is the study of the critical papers and academic works on the interpretations to Chinese literature in 1949-66 in British and American academia. Overall, these interpretations mainly focused on the literary thoughts and debates, Maoist literary and artistic thoughts, the transformation of some key modern Chinese writers after 1949, and the contents and artistic forms of the works of Chinese literature in 1949～66. Various descriptions, the basic standpoint of the researchers, the key points of view, research methods, changes of descriptions at different stages and the general trends to these issues by the British and American researchers are relatively introduced in order to restore the ideas of British and American researchers on Chinese literature in 1949-66.
本文将冷战期间美英对中国“十七年文学”的解读分为三个时段：1950-1960年代,1970年代,1980-1990年代初；具体研究则围绕“谁在看”、“看什么”、“怎么看”、“为什么这样看”的问题展开,既努力在共时层面上揭示出美英学界如何言说中国“十七年文学”的根本问题,同时还历时性地勾勒出其言说发展的清晰过程。
论文分为四个部分：
第一章分阶段探讨冷战期间美英两国解读中国“十七年文学”的论者的身份问题。两国言说者主要由西方本土研究者与华裔研究者两部分力量组成。他们的言说,由于所处社会历史文化语境的相同而呈现某些相似特征；同时也由于族裔身份、成长背景等方面的差异而有所不同,正是这种差异使美英对中国“十七年文学”的言说显出了多样性的特点。而不同历史阶段西方本土与华裔研究者所形成的不同身份认同模式,促使美英对中国“十七年文学”的解读呈现出了阶段性变化的特征。
第二章以冷战期间美英两国那些收录了中国“十七年文学”的重要选本为研究对象,研究不同阶段哪些“十七年文学”作品进入了美英研究者的视野、这些选本的特点、及支配选者编选的价值理念。以选本为研究对象,是考虑到选本也是一种特殊的批评方式,选家的“选”与“不选”本身即是对作品的读解与价值判断。1950-1960年代,美英学界收录中国“十七年文学”的选本及这些选本中的“十七年文学”作品数量均不多,但它们却体现了不同的倾向：部分编选者受“冷战思维”制约,所选作品多为与新中国文学规范不符的“异端”作品；一些西方本土研究者表现出了对中国传统文化的偏爱与好奇；但也有学者更关注作品的审美特性。1970年代,两国与“十七年文学”相关的选本数量有了较大增长,且其中所选作品多为“十七年文学”中更为“正统”的作品。选者对“十七年文学”的整体评价有所提高；也还有部分学者对“十七年文学”与中国传统文学、文化的关系更感兴趣,以此出发选择作品。1980-1990年代初,两国收录了“十七年文学”的选本数目虽不多,但“十七年文学”在其中所占比重较之前两时期却有所增长。尽管多数学者从“十七年文学”与政治的关系角度选择、言说作品,但其立场更为客观,促进了“十七年文学”在海外的传播。
第三章考察了冷战期间美英研究者对中国“十七年文学”的翻译问题,研究不同时期两国翻译活动的发展趋势、整体特征,及背后的社会历史文化原因。翻译也是一种阐释,是译者基于自身对原作的理解,将其从源语言转化为目的语的行为,一定程度上反映出了译者的价值取向、审美趣味乃至整体的时代特征。1950-1960年代的翻译有意渲染、夸大了原作的政治批判性,未能忠实地传达原文的内容、情感；1970年代的翻译整体水平有所提高,译者大多能忠实地再现原文的情感意蕴,部分西方本土译者表现出了对原文谚语、历史典故的喜好,注重传达原文的“异国情调”；1980-1990年代初的译者人数大幅增加,由于译者间翻译意图、审美倾向,特别是学识的差异,这一时期的翻译质量参差不齐,呈现出驳杂状态。
最后一章研究了冷战期间美英解读中国“十七年文学”的批评文章与论著。它们主要集中于“十七年”间的文学思潮与批判运动、毛泽东文艺、现代重要作家转型,以及作品的思想内容与艺术形式几层面。本章分别介绍不同阶段美英研究者对这些层面的言说,分析其各个阶段的基本立场、言说重点、研究方法,以及不同时期言说发生变化的原因,并总结其一般趋势,以期更完整、清晰地揭示美英的中国“十七年文学”观。
This dissertation focuses on the study of the interpretations of Chinese literature in 1949～66 during the "Cold War" in the American and British academia by discussing the questions "How the American and British scholars interpreted Chinese literature in 1949-66 during the'Cold War'" and " What the hidden discourse mechanism has been conducted ". In the terms of the "Cold War" in this paper, it is defined as the historical context in the broad sense and the special perspective in this research. As is not emphasized purposefully, the researcher's description and judgment cannot avoid being influenced by her cultural tradition, social thoughts and individual identity. The British and American researchers are chosen for the subjects because of two reasons. One is that they used to be the representative members of the " Capitalism Camp " during the "Cold War", and the other is that their interpretations is one of the important parts in sinological research on the Chinese Literature in 1949-66.
The interpretations of the Chinese Literature in 1949-66 during the "Cold War" in the American and British academia are divided into three periods chronologically in this paper:1950s-60s,1970s and from 1980s to early 1990s. The specific research aims to reveal how the British and American researchers interpreted Chinese literature in 1949～66 synchronically and outline the clear developing process of the interpretations diachronically by answering the questions:"who observed", "what was observed", "how to observe" and "why to observe ".
This dissertation includes four parts:
The fist chapter targets at discussing the identities of the researchers who were involved in the research on Chinese literature in 1949～66 in Great Britain and America during the "Cold War". Findings in this chapter illustrate that scholars in the two nations were composed of native westerners and Chinese immigrants. Their interpretations of Chinese literature in 1949～66 resembled due to the same living background they were in. But the interpretations also varied because of their own distinctive nationalities and personal taste. Such differences led to diversity. For the different identity of research mode between native westerners and Chinese emigrants scholars, the interpretations also present the periodical changes.
The second chapter concentrates on what sort of Chinese literary works in 1949～66 were selected by British and American researchers in their anthologies at different stages and why they were selected. The results are:during 1950s-60s, the numbers of the anthologies about the Chinese literature in 1949～66 and the works selceted in them are small. But the trends were quite different. Some researchers selected literary works that differed from the Chinese literary ideological standard by the influence of "Cold War Thoughts"; some of the native westerners showed curious and referent attitudes toward Chinese traditional culture; and some of researchers paid more attention to the appreciation of beauty in the literary works. In 1970s, the number of the selected works increased greatly, and most of the selections were the orthodox works. Even though selectors'comment on the works have been better, there were still some researchers who only showed more interest in the relationship between Chinese old literature and the new literature. During 1980s to early 1990s, numbers of the relevant selections decreased, but the number of the literary works increased on the contrary. Although many researchers selected and interpreted literary works in the dimension of politics, their stand-point tended to be more objective and useful for the spread of Chinese literary in 1949-66 overseas.
The third chapter mainly talks about British and American scholars'translation of Chinese literature in 1949～66, exploring the overall features, trends and the further hidden social, historical and cultural reasons of the translated issues at different periods. Findings are:during 1950s-60s, they were overstating the fact that Chinese literary critics'critical views on administration and social problems and failed to express the feelings and emotions of the original works in the translated work. In 1970s, as the translation has been improved greatly, most translators could faithfully express the meaning of the original works. However, some translators of native westerners tended to be more interested in idioms and literary quotations of the original works, and they preferred to keep the alien flavor. From 1980s to the early 1990s, more translators were involved in the translating. Due to the difference of the individual intention, appreciation taste, translation quality varied.
The last chapter is the study of the critical papers and academic works on the interpretations to Chinese literature in 1949-66 in British and American academia. Overall, these interpretations mainly focused on the literary thoughts and debates, Maoist literary and artistic thoughts, the transformation of some key modern Chinese writers after 1949, and the contents and artistic forms of the works of Chinese literature in 1949～66. Various descriptions, the basic standpoint of the researchers, the key points of view, research methods, changes of descriptions at different stages and the general trends to these issues by the British and American researchers are relatively introduced in order to restore the ideas of British and American researchers on Chinese literature in 1949-66.
引文
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66、Robert E. Hegel and Richard C. Hessney, Expressions of Self in Chinese Literature. New York:Columbia University Press,1985.
67、Carol Lee Ham-tin and Timothy Creek. China's establishment intellectuals. Armonk (New York) and London:M.E. Sharpe.1986.
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70、Constantine Tung and Colin Mackerras, Drama in the People's Republic of China. Albany:State University of New York Press,1987.
71、Roderick MacFarquhar and John K. Fairbank eds. The Cambridge history of China Vol 14, Cambridge Univ Press 1987.
72、Roderick MacFarquhar and John K. Fairbank eds. The Cambridge history of China Vol 15. Cambridge Univ Press,1991.
73、Eds. R.A. Roberts and A. Knox. One Half the Sky:Stories of Contemporary Women Writers of China. London:Heinneman,1987.
74、Howard Goldblatt ed, Worlds Apart:Recent Chinese Writing and its Audiences. Armonk, NY:Sharpe,1990
75、Siu, Helen F. ed. Furrows, Peasants, Intellectuals and the State.Stories and Histories from Modern China, Stanford CA:Stanford Unviersity,1990.
76、Theodore Huters ed, Reading the Modern Chinese Short Story. Armonk Sharpe,1990.
77、Wagner, Rudolph,The Contemporary Chinese Historical Drama:Four Studies. Berkeley:University of California Press,1990.
78、Edward Gunn. Rewriting Chinese:Style and Innovation in Twentieth-Century Chinese Prose. Stanford, CA:stanford University Press,1991.
79、Matthews Josephine Alzbetu, Artistry and Authenticity:Zhao Shuli and His Fictional World, Iowa,1991.
80、Wagner, Rudolph, Inside a Service Trade:Studies in Contemporary Chinese Prose. Harvard University Press,1992.
81、Frank Shulman. Doctoral dissertations on China and on inner Asia, 1976-1990:an annotated bibliography of studies in western languages. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Press,1998.
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10、Merle Goldman, Hu Feng's Conflict with the Communist Literary Authorities. The China Quarterly, No.12,1962.
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13、C.T. Hsia, Residual Femininity:Women in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
14、C. W.Shih, Co-operatives and Communes in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
15、Li Chi, Communist War Stories, The China Quarterly. No.13,1963.
16、Richard F. S. Yang, Industrial Workers in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
17、The Image of Youth and Age in Chinese Communist Literature, The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
18、T. A. Hsia, Heroes and Hero-worship in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
19、S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
20、Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
21、Yong-Sang Ng, The Poetry of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963.
22、Vincent Y. C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
23、Cyril Birch, Chinese Communist Literature:The Persistence of Traditional Forms. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
24、Cyril Birch, The Particle of Art. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
25、Merle Goldman,Writers' Criticism of The Party in 1942. The China Quarterly, No.17,1964.
26、Vincent Y.C. Shih, Mao Tun:The Critic (Part I). The China Quarterly, No. 19,1964.
27、Stuart R. Scharm, Mao as a Poet. Problems of Communism. Vol. XIII, No,5. 1964.
28、Maurice Freedamn, What Social Science Can Do For Chinese Studies, The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.23, No.4,1964.
29、G.William Skinner, What the Study of China Can Do for Social Science. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.23, No.4,1964.
30、Merle Goldman, The Fall of Chou Yang. The China Quarterly, No.27,1966.
31、C.N. Tay, From Snow to Plum Blossoms:A Commentary on Some Poems by Mao Tse-Tung. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.25, No.2,1966.
32、Howard L. Boorman, Mao Tse-tung as Historian. The China Quarterly, No. 28,1966.
33、Rhoads Murphey, Man and Nature in China. Modern Asian Studies, Vol.1, No.4.1967.
34、George Woodcock, Literary Lines in China, Pacific Affairs, Vol.40, No.1/2, 1967.
35、W.J. F. Jenner, Class Struggle in a Chinese Village-A Novelist's View:Hao Ran's Yan Yang Tian. Modern Asian Studies, Vol.1, No.2,1967.
36、George Woodcock, Literary Lines in China, Pacific Affairs, Vol.40, No.1/2, 1967.
37、Stuart R. Schram, Mao Tse-tung as a charismatic leader. Asian Survey, No.6, 1967.
38、Ts'ao Yu:Dramatist in Communist China, Walter J. Meserve and Ruth I. Meserve, Comparative Drama, Volume 2, Issue 2, Summer 1968.
39、Shih Vincent Y.C. Satire in Chinese Communist Literature. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies. No.8,1968.
40、Mary Sheridan, The Emulation of Heroes, The China Quarterly, No.33, 1968.
41、Merle Goldman, The Unique "Blooming and Contending" of 1961-62. The China Quarterly, No.17,1969.
42、F.S. YANG Behind the Bamboo Curtain:What the Communists Did to the. Peking Opera. Educational Theatre Journal, Vol.21, No.1,1969.
43、C.N. Tay, Two Poems of Mao Tse-tung in the Light of Chinese Literary Tradition. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.29, No.3,1970.
44、Joe C. Huang, Villains, Victims and Morals in Contemporary Chinese Literature, The China Quarterly, No.46,1971.
45、Byung-Joon Ahn, The Politics of Peking Opera,1962-1965, Asian Survey, Vol.12, No.12,1972.
46、Merle Goldman, The Role of History in Party Struggle,1962-4 The China Quarterly, No.51,1972.
47、Jonathan Mirsky, China after Nixon, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.402,1972.
48、Lucian W. Pye, China and the United States:A New Phase. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.402,1972.
49、Constantine Tung, The Hidden Enemy as Villain in Communist Chinese Drama, Educational Theatre Journal, Vol.25, No.3,1973.
50、Perry Link, Li His-fan on Modern Chinese Literature. The China Quarterly, No.58,1974.
51、James J. Y. Liu, The Study of Chinese Literature in the West:Recent Development, Current Trends, Future Prospects. Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.35, No.1,1975.
52、Joey Bonner, Yu P'ing-po and the Literary Dimension of the Controversy over Hung Lou Meng, The China Quarterly, No.67,1976
53、Joe C. Huang, Haoran:the Peasant Novelist, Modern China, Vol.2, No.3, 1976.
54、Michael Gotz, The Development of Modern Chinese Literature Studies in the West:A Critical View. Modern China, Vol.2, No.3,1976.
55、King Richard, Rightest in the Wilderness. Qin Zhaoyang's Memories of His Twenty Years of Ostracism. Modern Chinese Literature newsletter. No.2,1980.
56、Gibbs, Donald, Dissonant Voices in Chinese Literature:Hu Feng. Chinese Studies in Literature,1979-1980.
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58、Michael Nylan, The American Programme for Advanced Study in China: Stealing the March? The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, No.6,1981.
59、Timothy Cheek, Deng Tuo:Culture, Leninism and Alternative Marxism in the Chinese Communist Party. The China Quarterly, No.87,1981.
60、Bonnie S. McDougall Memories & Metamorphoses of a Thirties'Intellectual: A Study of He Qifang's何其芳"Old Men" (Lao ren老人)ChineseLiterature:Essays, Articles, Reviews. Vol.3, No.1, Jan,1981.
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78、Riggan, William, Contemporary Chinese literature. World Literature Today, Summer,1991, Vol.65, Issue 3.
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1.[美]爱德华·W·萨义德著,王宇根译：《东方学》,三联书店1999年版。
2. [美]费正清著,张理京译：《美国与中国》,世界知识出版社2000年版。
3.[美]费正清著,刘尊棋译：《伟大的中国革命(1900-1985)》,世界知识出版社2000年版。
4.[英]弗朗西斯·斯托纳·桑德斯著,曹大鹏译：《文化冷战与中央情报局》,国际文化出版公司2002年版。
5.[美]华勒斯坦等著,刘健芝等编：《学科·知识·权力》,三联书店1999年版。
6.[美]柯文著,林同奇译：《在中国发现历史——中国中心观在美国的兴起》(增订本),中华书局2002年版。
7. [美]孔华润著,张静尔等译,《美国对中国的反应——中美关系的历史剖析》,复旦大学出版社1989年版。
8.[美]迈克尔·谢勒著,徐泽荣译：《二十世纪的美国与中国》,三联书店1985年版。
9.[英]尼克·史蒂文森编,陈志杰译：《文化与公民身份》,吉林出版集团有限责任公司2007年版。
10.[美]聂华苓：《三生影像》,三联书店2008年版。
11.[美]史景迁著,尹庆军等译：《天安门：中国知识分子与革命》,中央编译出版社1998年版。
12.[挪威]文安立著：《冷战与革命——苏美冲突与中国内战的起源》,陈之宏、陈兼译,广西师范大学出版社2002年版。
13.[美]夏志清：《岁除的哀伤》,江苏文艺出版社2006年9月版。
14.[美]杨富森：《我在美国三十年》,三联书店1985年版。
15.安平秋,[美]安乐哲编：《北美汉学家辞典》,人民文学出版社2001年版。
16.陈君静：《大洋彼岸的回声：美国中国史研究历史考察》,中国社会科学出版社2003年版。
17.程光炜：《文学想象与文学国家——中国当代文学研究(1949-1976)》,河南大学出版2005年版。
18.董之林：《追忆燃情岁月——五十年代小说艺术类型论》,河南人民出版社2001年版。
19.董之林：《旧梦新知：“十七年”小说论稿》,广西师范大学出版社2004年版。
20.方长安：《冷战·民族·文学——新中国“十七年”中外文学关系研究》,中国社会科学出版社2009年版。
21.葛兆光：《域外中国学十论》,复旦大学出版社2002年版。
22.韩铁：《福特基金会与美国的中国学(1950-1979)》,中国社会科学出版社2004年版。
23.贺桂梅：《转折的时代——40-50年代作家研究》,山东教育出版社2003年版。
24.洪子诚：《中国当代文学史》,北京大学出版社1997年版。
25.黄长著、孙越生、王组望主编：《欧洲中国学》,社会科学文献出版社2005年版。
26.李存光编：《巴金研究资料(下卷)》,海峡文艺出版社1985年版。
27.李扬：《50-70年代文学经典再解读》,山东教育出版社2003年版。
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30.刘放桐等编著：《新编现代西方哲学》,人民出版社2000年版。
31.罗钢、刘象愚主编：《后殖民主义文化理论》中国社会科学出版社1999年版。
32.施建业：《中国文学在世界的传播与影响》,黄河出版社1993年版。
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34.王本朝：《中国当代文学制度研究(1949-1976)》,新星出版社2007年版。
35.萧延中主编：《国外学者评毛泽东》,中国工人出版社1997年版。
36.谢冕、洪子诚主编：《中国当代文学史料选：1948-1975》,北京大学出版社1995年版。
37.熊文华著：《英国汉学史》,学苑出版社2007年版。
38.杨守森主编：《20世纪中国作家心态史》,中央编译出版社1998年版。
39.於可训：《当代文学：建构与阐释》,武汉大学出版社2005年版。
40.乐黛云、张辉主编：《文化传递与文学形象》,北京大学出版社1999年版。
41.曾广灿编著：《老舍研究纵览1929-1986》,天津教育出版社1987年版。
42.周宁：《龙的幻象》,学苑出版社2004年版。
43.中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版。
44.中国赵树理研究会编：《外国学者论赵树理》,中国文联出版公司1998年版。
45.张弘：《中国文学在英国》,花城出版社1992年版。
46.张西平编：《欧美汉学研究的历史与现状》,大象出版社2006年版。
47.张西平编：《他乡有夫子——汉学研究导论》(上、下),外语教学与研究出版社2005年版。
48.朱耀伟：《当代西方批评论述的中国图像》,中国人民大学出版社2006年版。
49.朱政惠：《美国中国学史研究——海外中国学探索的理论与实践》,上海古籍出版社2004年版。
50.朱寨：《中国当代文学思潮史》,人民文学出版社1987年版。
1. [澳]腓特烈·泰伟斯：《西方的当代中国研究》,《当代中国史研究》2004年第11卷第6期。
2.[美]金介甫：《中国文学(1949-1999)的英译文出版情况述评》,查建明译,《当代作家评论》2006年第3期。
3. [美]李欧梵：《美国研究中国现代文学研究的现状和方法》,《河南大学学报》1986年第5期。
4. [美]李欧梵著,季进、宋洋译：《身处中国话语的边缘：边缘文化意义的个人思考》,《当代作家评论》2008年第1期。
5. [加]梁丽芳：《海外中国当代文学的英译选本》,《中国翻译》1994年第1期。
6. [美]王德威：《重读夏志清教授<中国现代小说史>》,《当代作家评论》2005年第4期。
7.[美]王德威著：《海外中国现代文学研究的历史、现状与未来》,《当代作家评论》2006年第4期。
8. [美]王德威著,张清芳译：《英语世界的现代文学研究之报告》,《海南师范大学学报》2007年第3期。
9.[美]夏志清著,刘绍铭译：《中国小说、美国评论家——有关结构、传统和讽刺小说的联想》,《当代作家评论》2005年第4期。
10.鲍焕然：《新民歌运动：激进现代性的文化表征》,《武汉大学学报》2007年第5期。
11.程光炜：《艾青在1956年前后》,《天涯》1998年第2期。
12.樊一：《<剑桥中国史>第14卷评析研讨会综述》,《中共党史研究》1994年第6期。
13.方长安：《“十七年”文坛对欧美现代派文学的介绍与言说”》，《文学评论》2008年第2期。
14.方长安：《论外国文学译介在十七年语境中的嬗变》,《文学评论》2002年第
2期。
15.季进：《美国的中国现代文学研究管窥》,《当代作家评论》2007年第4期。
16.李昌银：《中国当代文学(1949-1976)在国外》,云南民族学院学报2000年第5期。
17.李凤亮：《海外华人学者批评理论研究的几个问题》,《文学评论》2006年第3期。
18.彭松,唐金海：《海外华人学者现代文学研究中的传统因素——以夏志清、李欧梵、王德威为例》,《文学评论》2007年第5期。
19.阙本旭：《台港书中的沈从文印象——海外沈从文研究述略》,《高校文献信息研究》2001年第8卷第4期。
20.任蕾：《50年来美国对中国的若干问题研究》,《中共党史研究》2000年第1期。
21.沈君山：《台湾的高等教育与改革》,《上海高教研究》1997年第5期。
22.苏景超：《建国后十七年的诗歌创作》,《文艺理论与批评》1997年第3期。
23.王光东：《十七年小说中的民间形态及美学意义》,《南方文坛》2002年第1期。
24.王海龙：《西方汉学与中国批评方式——夏志清现象的启示》,《扬州大学学报》1998年第5期。
25.王宁：《中国现当代文学研究在西方》,《中国文化研究》2001年春之卷。
26.温儒敏：《国外现代中国文学研究述略》,辽宁师范大学学报1984年第1期。
27.吴秀明,张锦：《海外中国现代文学研究对新时期以来内地学界的影响》,《社会科学战线》2007年第6期。
28.席扬：《多元文化视域中的“价值形象”——半个世纪以来国外赵树理研究评析》,《文艺研究》2006年第11期。
29.许维贤：《审美,或超“历史”的脱身术——夏志清<中国现代小说史>的批评视野》,《华文文学》2006年第6期。
30.阎纯德：《从“传统”到“现代”：汉学形态的历史演进》,《文史哲》2004年第5期。
31.袁鹏：《美国的当代中国研究(上、中、下)》,《国际资料信息》2003年第5、6、7期。
32.张智中：《毛泽东诗词英译综评》,《重庆三峡学院学报》2007年第1期。
33.周发祥：《试论西方汉学界的“西论中用”现象》,《文学评论》1997年第6期。
34.资中筠：《洛克菲勒基金会与中国》,《美国研究》1996年第1期。
①吴秀明：《论“十七年文学”的矛盾性特征——兼谈整体研究的几点思考》,《文艺研究》2008年第8期。
②周扬：《继往开来,繁荣社会主义新时期的文艺——在中国文学艺术工作者第四次代表大会上的报告》,《中国文学艺术工作者第四次代表大会文集》,四川人民出版社1980年版,第26页。
③代表性的著作有：丁帆、王世城《十七年文学：“人”与“自我”的失落》(河南大学出版社1999年版)；黄子平《“灰阑”中的叙述》(上海文艺出版社2001年版)；李扬《50-70年代文学经典再解读》(山东教育出版社2003年版)；董之林《追忆燃情岁月——五十年代小说艺术类型论》(河南人民出版社2001年版)及《旧梦新知：“十七年”小说论稿》(广西师范大学出版社2004年版)等。
④丁帆、王世城：《十七年文学：“人”与“自我”的失落》,河南大学出版社1999年版,第11页。
⑤於可训：《“十七年文学”的历史叙述》,引自於可训著：《当代文学：建构与阐释》,武汉大学出版社2005年版,第88页。
①张西平编：《他乡有夫子——汉学研究导论·编者序》,外语教学与研究出版社2005年版。
① Sinology一词的译名及“汉学”、“中国学”与“中国研究”三个词语之间的关系,目前学术界亦存有争论。详情可见张西平所编的《他乡有夫子——汉学研究导论》(外语教学与研究出版社2005年版)中收入的李学勤《应加强对国际汉学的研究》、严绍璗的《我对国际中国学(汉学)的认识——我的30年“国际中国学”研究之路》、高建平的《“汉学”杂谈》、阎纯德的《汉学和汉学研究》等文,以及陈君静所著的《大洋彼岸的回声——美国中国史研究考察》(中国社会科学出版社2003年版)一书的前言。它们之间的论争非本文考察的重点,因此本文不对此加以阐述。在具体运用中,本文倾向于将汉学等同于中国学,即都把它们看作是外国对中国的研究。
②[日]村松佑次：《外国对中国的研究》,转引自中国社会科学院哲学研究所主编：《美国中国学手册》,中国社会科学出版社1981年版,第4页。
③关于美英两国二战后中国研究发展的详细情况,可参见孙越生,陈书梅主编主编的《美国中国学手册》(中国社会科学出版社1993年版),王建平、曾华的《美国战后中国学》(东北大学出版社2003年版),黄长著、孙越生、王组望主编的《欧洲中国学》(社会科学文献出版社2005年版),熊文华著：《英国汉学史》(学苑出版社2007年版)等著作。
④韩铁：《福特基金会与美国的中国学(1950-1979年)》,中国社会科学出版社2004年版。
⑤ Cyril Birch, The Particle of Art. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.5.
①[美]爱德华·W·萨伊德著,王宇根译：《东方学》,三联书店1999年版,第349页。
②[美]柯文著,林同奇译：《在中国发现历史——中国中心观在美国的兴起》(增订本),中华书局2002年版,第167页。
①[荷]莱恩·T·赛格尔斯：《“文化身份的重要性——文学研究中的新视角”》,转自乐黛云,张辉主编：《文化传递与文学形象》,北京大学出版社1999年版,第340页。
②关于东、西方文化体系的划分,详情见季羡林《简明东方文学史·绪论》,季羡林等编：《简明东方文学史》,北京大学出版社1987年版,
③本章表格的资料来源：美英研究者的著作、文章依据“导论”的第四部分整理。(详情见前文)研究者的出生年、性别、教育背景、经历主要依据孙越生、陈书梅主编《美国中国学手册》(中国社会科学出版社1993年版)；安平秋、(美)安乐哲主编《北美汉学家辞典》(人民文学出版社2001年版)；黄长著、孙越
① Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, p.273.
①[美]迈克尔·戈茨：《西方对中国现代文学研究的发展》,尹慧珉译,《中国现代文学研究丛刊》1983年第1期。
② Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.15-16.
③ Cyril Birch, The Particle of Art. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.5.
④出自徐光瓒、郑继宗著：《传播中国文化于欧美的许芥昱》一文,转引自四川省政协文史资料研究委员会、四川省文史馆编：《四川近现代文化人物》,四川人民出版社1989年版,第273页。
① Dorothy Blair Shimer, The Mentor Book of Modern Asian Literature from the Khyber Pass to Fuji, New York: New American Library,1969, p.20.
②阎纯德：《从“传统”到“现代”：汉学形态的历史演进》,《文史哲》2004年第5期。
③ C. T. Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,1917-1957. New Haven:Yale University Press,1961, p.495.
④ Vincent Y. C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.92.
① C. W. Shih, Co-operatives and Communes in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.205.
② Richard F. S. Yang, Industrial Workers in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13, p.225.
③ Li Chi, Communist War Stories, The China Quarterly. No.13,1963, p.154.
④ C. T. Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,1917-1957. New Haven:Yale University Press,1961, p.495.
①杨牧：《伯克莱——怀念陈世骧先生》,转引自童宗盛,陈尔静编：《我的老师》,山东教育出版社1988年版,第23-31页。
② Kai-yu Hsu, The ChineseLliterary Scene:a writer's visit to the People's Republic, New York:Vintage Books, 1976, pp.12-17.
③关于陈世骧所受西方文学理论、中国古典文学的影响,以及创作新诗的经历,可参见夏志清《悼念陈世骧——并试论其治学成就》一文,出自夏志清：《岁除的哀伤》,江苏文艺出版社2006年版,第101-105页。
①参见夏志清《上海,一九三二年春》、《读、写、研究三部曲》二文,出自夏志清：《岁除的哀伤》,江苏文艺出版社2006年版,第3-21页。
②出自徐光瓒、郑继宗《传播中国文化于欧美的许芥昱》一文,转引自四川省政协文史资料研究委员会、四川省文史馆编：《四川近现代文化人物》,四川人民出版社1989年版,第272页。
③刘勰著,陆侃如、牟世金译注：《文心雕龙译注》,齐鲁书社1995年版,第359页。
④夏志清：《中国现代小说史·中译本序》,夏志清著,刘绍铭等译：《中国现代小说史》,复旦大学出版社2005年版。
⑤彭松、唐金海：《海外华人学者现代文学研究中的传统因素——以夏志清、李欧梵、王德威为例》,《文学评论》2007年第5期。
⑥ Cyril Birch, Chinese Communist Literature:The Persistence of Traditional Forms. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.78.
⑦从表1可知,本时期,西方本土研究成果共有著作3部、选集1部、文章10篇；从表2可知,华裔研究成果中未有专门探讨中国“十七年文学”的专著,仅夏志清的《中古现代小说史》1、2版中部分章节涉及到新中国文学,但研究文章有17篇,也有选集1部,因此可言,双方成果均比较丰富。
①周宁：《龙的幻象(上)》,学苑出版社2004年版,第206页。
① W. J. F. Jenner, Class Struggle in a Chinese Village-A Novelist's View:Hao Ran's Yan Yang Tian, Modern Asian Studies, Vol.1, No.2,1967.
②周发祥、陈圣生译：《<中国革命文学>引言》,中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版,第129页。
① Willis Barnstone,The poems ofMao Tse-tung.New York,Harper & Row,1972,p.16.
②王国维原著,佛雏校辑：《新订<人间词话>》,华东师范大学出版社1990年版,第79页。
③沈君山：《台湾的高等教育与改革》,《上海高教研究》1997年第5期。
①徐义君主编：《当代台湾史》,当代中国出版社1996年版,第171页。
② Joe. C. Huang, Heroes and villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life. New York:PICA Press,1973, p.ix.
① Joe. C. Huang, Heroes and villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life. New York:PICA Press,1973, pp.vii-ix.
②聂华苓：《三生影像·序》,三联书店2008年版。
③ Translation, Introduction, and Notes by Hua-ling Nieh Engle and Paul Engle, The poetry of Mao Tse-tung. London:Wildwood House,1973本文参考万成译：《革命的领袖、浪漫的诗人》,出自萧延中编：《外国学者评毛泽东》(第3卷),中国工人出版社1997年版,第421-426页。
① W. J. F. Jenner, Is a Modern Chinese Literature Possible? In:Wolfgang Kubin, Rudolf G.Wagner eds. Essays in modern Chinese literature and literary criticism:papers of the Berlin conference, 1978. Bochum:Germany:N. Brockmeyer,1982, p.205.
①[美]柯文著,林同奇译：《在中国发现历史——中国中心观在美国的兴起·序言》(增订本),中华书局2002年版,第55-59页。
① Ed. by Edmund Stillman, with an introduction by Francois Bondy. Bitter Harvest:The Intellectual Revolt behind the Iron Curtain. London:Thames & Hudson,1959, p.viii.
② Ed. by Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, p.ix.
① Ed. by Edmund Stillman, with an introduction by Francois Bondy. Bitter Harvest:The Intellectual Revolt behind the Iron Curtain. London:Thames & Hudson,1959, p.vii.
② Ibid., xvii-xix.
③ Ibid., viii-ix.
④ Ibid.,p.143.
①《文艺报》总编辑张光年,副总编辑侯金镜、陈笑雨：《我们的自我批评——在<文艺报>全体工作人员大会上的联合发言》,《人民日报》1957年7月12日。
② Ed. by Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, pp. ix-13.
① Ed. by Dorothy Blair Shimer, The Mentor Book of Modern Asian Literature from the Khyber Pass to Fuji, New York:New American Library,1969, pp.17-20.
① Ibid.,20.
② Ibid.,82.90.
① Ibid.,172-175.
②伍蠡甫主编：《西方古今文论选》,复旦大学出版社1984年版,第19-22页。
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Twentieth Century Chinese Poetry:An Anthology. New York:Anchor 1964, the foreword.
②蒋登科：《西方视角中的何其芳及其诗歌》,出自吕进,蒋登主编：《现代诗学的多维视野》,西南师范大学出版社2006年版,第467页。
③第一个数字表示选入诗人建国后诗作数目,第二个数字表示选入诗人作品总数。
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Twentieth Century Chinese Poetry:An Anthology. New York:Anchor 1964, pp. xxxviii-xliv.
② Ibid.,xi-xliv.
① Ibid.,xxxix-301.
② Ibid.,131,391.
①薛祖清,席扬：《“符号”与“歧义”——《红旗歌谣》“情诗”解读》,《文艺评论》2005年第5期。
②鲍焕然：《新民歌运动：激进现代性的文化表征》,《武汉大学学报》2007年第5期。
① Ed. by Meserve Walter J, Ruth Ⅰ. Meserve, Modern Drama from Communist China. New York University Press, 1970, p. Preface.
①周发祥,陈圣生译：《<中国革命文学>引言》,出自中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版,第111-128页。
② Ed. by Meserve Walter J, Ruth Ⅰ. Meserve, Modern Drama from Communist China. New York University Press, 1970, p.13.
③周发祥,陈圣生译：《<中国革命文学>引言》,出自中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版,第126页。
④ Ed. by Meserve Walter J, Ruth Ⅰ. Meserve, Modern Drama from Communist China. New York University Press, 1970, p.1.
①周发祥,陈圣生译：《<中国革命文学>引言》,出自中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版,第116-124页。
② Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, The Chinese literary scene:a writer's visit to the People's Republic,New York:Vintage Books,1975, p. xi.
① Ibid.,29.
② Ibid.,85-86.
① Ibid.,168-169.
② Ibid.,215.
③ Ibid.,212.
④ Ibid.,233.
⑤ Ibid.,83.
⑥ Ibid.,173-174.
⑦ Ibid.,177.
⑧ Ibid.,253.
① Ibid.,xi-xiv.
① Ed.by W.J.F.Jenner,Modern Chinese stories.London:Oxford University Press,1970,p.vii.
② Ibid.,vii-241.
① Ibid.,viii-149.
② Ibid.,viii-243.
① John D. Mitchell, The Red Pear Garden:Three Great Dramas of Revolutionary China. Boston:David R. Godine,1973, pp.39-47.
① Ibid.,21-35.
② Ibid.,12-20.
①董健,胡星亮主编：《中国当代戏剧史稿》,中国戏剧出版社2008年版,第4页。
② Ed. by W. J. F. Jenner, Modern Chinese stories. London:Oxford University Press,1970, pp. x-viii.
③张智中：《毛泽东诗词英译综评》,《重庆三峡学院学报》2007年第1期。
① Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po, The poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York,Harper & Row,1972, p.21.
②万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,转引自《外国学者评毛泽东(第三卷)》,中国工人出版社1997年版,第421页。
③ op.cit. pp.18-19.
④万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第427页。
⑤ op.cit. pp.18-19. p.24.
①万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第426页。
② op.cit.pp.18.19.,p.24.
③万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第420页。
④ op.cit.pp.18-19.p.24.
⑤万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第425页。
⑥ op.cit.pp.18-19.p.24.
⑦ Ibid.,3-20.
①万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第418-427页。
②乐蜀：《聂华苓：把毛泽东诗词译介给全世界》,《南方人物周刊》2007年第14期。
③ Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po,The poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York,Harper & Row,1972, p.17.
④万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第417-423页。
①许光瓒,郑继宗：《传播中国文化于欧美的许芥昱》,转引自四川省政协文史资料研究委员会、四川省文史馆编：《四川近现代文化人物》,四川人民出版社1989年版,第275页。
② R. David Arkush, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics'the Introduction, New York:Columbia University Press,1981. pp.viiii-vix
①[美]葛浩文：《许芥昱与现代中国文学》,《外国文学欣赏》1987年第4期。
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Literature of the People's Republic of China, Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1980, pp.42-43.
② Ibid.,792.
③ Ibid.,619.
④ Ibid.,xiii.
①董健,胡星亮主编：《中国当代戏剧史稿》,中国戏剧出版社2008年版,第42页。
① Ed. by Hua-ling Nieh, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period Vol.1 Critism and Polemics, New York: Columbia University Press,1981. p.xxxix.
①聂华苓：《人景与风景》,陕西人民出版社1996年版,第63页。
②方长安,纪海龙：《穆旦被经典化的话语历程》,《南开学报》2007年第3期。
① Ed., Edward Gunn, Twentieth-century Chinese Drama:An Anthology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1983, pp.vii-xx.
① Ibid., xvi-xvii
② Ibid.,xv.
③ Ed.by Helen F. Siu, Furrows, Peasants, Intellectuals and the State.Stories and Histories from Modern China, Stanford CA:Stanford Unviersity,1990, p.vii.
① Ibid.,viii-269.
① Ibid.,24-101.
① Ed. by Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, p. ix.
② Stuart R.Scharm, Mao as a Poet. Problems of Communism. Vol. XIII, No,5.1964, p.38.
① Ibid.,pp.38-39.
① Ed. by Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, p. ix.
①吕祖荫著：《毛泽东诗词读解》,同心出版社1999年版,第188页。
② Stuart R. Scharm, Mao as a Poet. Problems of Communism. Vol. XⅢ, No,5.1964, p.40.
① Ed. by W. J.F. Jenner, Modern Chinese stories. London:Oxford University Press,1970, p. vii.
① Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po, The poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York,Harper & Row,1972, p.141.
① Translation, Introduction, and Notes by Hua-ling Nieh Engle and Paul Engle, The poetry of Mao Tse-tung. London:Wildwood House,1973, p.21.
① Times Literary Supplement. In Ed. by W. J. F. Jenner, Modern Chinese stories. London:Oxford University Press,1970, the back cover.
① Ed. by Hua-ling Nieh, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics, New York: Columbia University Press,1981. p.li.
② Ibid.,li.
①刘绍棠：《我对当前文艺问题的一些浅见》,《文艺学习》1957年5期。
① Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, p.91.
② S.H.Chen, Artificial "Flowers" during a Natural "Thaw". In:Donald W. Treadgold ed. Soviet and Chinese Communim:Similarities and Differences. Seattle:Washington Univ. Press,1967, pp.230-234.
③ Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Pr.,1973,pp.76-77.本书1970年出版于香港,1973年美国重印,其立场、思想倾向更接近第一阶段,笔者将其归入第一阶段。
④ Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.115-126.
⑤ S.H.Chen, Artificial "Flowers" during a Natural "Thaw". In:Donald W. Treadgold ed. Soviet and Chinese Communim:Similarities and Differences. Seattle:Washington Univ. Press,1967, pp.230-241.
⑥ Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Pr., 1973, pp.91-94.
① A. C. Scott. Literature and the Arts in 20th China. London:George Allen & Unwin Ltd.,1965, p.33.
② Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.31.
③ S.H.Chen, Artificial "Flowers" during a Natural "Thaw". In:Donald W. Treadgold ed. Soviet and Chinese Communim:Similarities and Differences. Seattle:Washington Univ. Press,1967, pp.242-245.
④ Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Pr., 1973, pp.94-100.
⑤ Merle Goldman, Hu Feng's Conflict with the Communist Literary Authorities. The China Quarterly, No.12, 1962, p.136.
① Roclerick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, p.8.
② Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China.Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.167-202.
③ Alan L. Kagan, Music and the Hundred Flowers Movement. The Musical Quarterly, vol.49,1963, pp.418-421.
① S.H.Chen, Artificial "Flowers" during a Natural "Thaw". In:Donald W. Treadgold ed. Soviet and Chinese Communim:Similarities and Differences. Seattle:Washington Univ. Press,1967, pp.220-247.
② Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China.Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.205-242.
③ Ibid.,245-247.
④ Merle Goldman, The Fall of Chou Yang. The China Quarterly, No.27,1966, pp.132-133.
① Stephen Uhalley Jr, The Cultural Revolution and the Attack on the "Three Family Village", The China Quarterly, No.27,1966, pp.160-161.
② Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.113-204.
① Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. Westport,Conn.:Greenwood Pr., 1973, p.101.
① Lu. Alexander Ya-li. Political Control of Literature in Communist China,1949-1966. Indiana,1972, p.221.
① Ibid.,42-207.
② Ibid.,211-214.
① Joey Bonner, Yu P'ing-po and the Literary Dimension of the Controversy over Hung lou meng, The China Quarterly, No.67,1976, pp.548-580.
① Lu. Alexander Ya-li. Political Control of Literature in Communist China,1949-1966. Indiana,1972, pp.55-57.
① Merle Goldman, Party Policies Toward the Intellectuals:the Unique Blooming and Contending of 1961-1962. In: Party Leaderships and Revolutionary Power in China. Cambridge University Press,1979, pp.268-285.
② Ibid.,286-300.
① Nieh Hua-Ling, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics, New York:Columbia University Press,1981, pp. xiii-xlv.
② Nieh Hua-Ling, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics, New York:Columbia University Press,1981, pp. xiii-xxxvii.
① Ibid.,3-10.
② Nieh Hua-Ling, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period.vol.2 Poetry and Fiction. New York:Columbia University Press,1981, pp.3-13.
① Chin Luke Kai-hsin. The Politics of Drama Reform in China after 1949. New York University,1980, pp.5-103.
② Ibid.,111-191.
① Timothy Cheek, Deng Tuo:a Chinese Leninist Approach to Journalism. In:Carol Lee Hamin and Timothy Cheek, China's Establishment Intellectuals, Armonk (New York) and London:M.E. Sharpe.1986, pp.95-115.
① Bonnie S. McDougall, Writers and Performers, Their Works, and Their Audiences in the First Three Decades. In:Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley: University of California Press,1984, pp.272-278.
① Vincent Y. C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.92-107.
② Vincent Y.C. Shih, Mao Tun:The Critic (Part Ⅰ). The China Quarterly, No.19,1964, p.85.
③ Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China.Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, p.248.
④ Vincent Y.C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.110.
⑤ Ibid.,92-100.
① Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, p.174.
② Ibid.,248-249.
③ Ibid.,271.
④ Vincent Y.C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.111-112.
⑤ Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.
256-258.
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.39-51.
② Cyril Birch, Lao She:The Humorist in His Humor. The China Quarterly, No.8,1961, pp.58-59.
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13,
1963, p.52.
② Cyril Birch, Lao She:The Humorist in His Humor. The China Quarterly, No.8,1961, p.57.
③ Michael Gotz, The Development of Modern Chinese Literature Studies in the West:A Critical View. Modern China, Vol.2, No.3,1976, pp.400-407.
④ Vincent Y. C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.92.
⑤[法]齐格蒙·鲍曼著,洪涛译：《立法者与阐释者——论现代性、后现代性与知识分子》,上海人民出版社2000年版,第1页。
① Hu, John Yaw-herng, Ts'ao Yu:Playwright of Discontent and Disillusionment. Indiana,1969, pp.viii-23.
② Ibid.,195-239.
① Ibid.,200-215.
② Ibid.,239-240.
③ Cheung Dominic C. N. Feng Chih:a Study of the Ascent and Decline of His Lyricism. (1920-1959). Washington, 1974, pp.29-51.
① Ibid.,191-213.
② Ibid.,212.
③洪子城：《中国当代文学史》,北京大学出版社1999年版,第29页。
①[美]R.麦克法夸尔,费正清编：《剑桥中华人民共和国史：中国革命内部的革命(1966-1982)》,第781-782页。
②同上,第782页。
①同上,第782页。
②同上,第783页。
③同上,第783-784页。
① W. J. F. Jenner, Is a Modern Chinese Literature Possible? In:Essays in Modern Literature and Literature Criticism.1982, pp.202-205.
② Bonnie S. McDougall, Writers and Performers, Their Works, and Their Audiences in the First Three Decades. In:Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley: University of California Press,1984, pp.270-272.
①李君如：《国外毛泽东研究的若干问题》,萧延中主编：《国外学者评毛泽东·前言》(第1卷),中国工人出版社1997年版,第36页。
① Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.19.
② Stuart R. Schram, Mao Tse-tung as a Charismatic Leader. Asian Survey, No.6,1967, p.384.
③ Howard L. Boorman. The Literary World of Mao Tse-tune. The China Ouarterlv. No.13.1963. pp.18-24.
④ Ibid.,16-33.
① C. T. Hsia, Reviews for "The Communist Program for Literature and Art in China, Fiction in Communist China 1949-1953". The Far Eastern Quarterly, vol.15, No.4.1956, p.590.
② C. T.Hsia, Reviews for "Literary Doctrine in China and Soviet Influence,1956-1960". The Journal of Asian Studies, vol.25, No.4.1966, p.749.
③ Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.37-38.
④ Stuart R. Scharm, Mao as a Poet. Problems of Communism. Vol. XIII, No,5.1964, pp.38-43.
① Yong-Sang Ng, The Poetry of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.65-73.
②本论文完成于1968年,尽管时间上属于1960年代,但却更接近1970年代美英学术界研究中国“十七年文学”的整体倾向,因此,将其置于本阶段。下文戈茨《当代小说中的工人形象》同此。
③ Yang, Daniel Shih-p'eng. TheTraditional Theatre of China in Its Contemporary Setting:An Examination of the Patterns of Change within the Peking Theater since 1949. Wisconsin,1968, p.4.
④ Wilkinson, Joseph N. The Plays and Playwrights of the Chinese Communist Theatre. Michigan,1970, pp.4-65.
① Tai Yih-jian. The Contemporary Chinese Theatre and Soviet Influence,1919-1960. Southern Illinois,1974, p.91.
② Lu. Alexander Ya-li. Political Control of Lliterature in Communist China,1949-1966.Indiana,1972, p.132.
① Merle Goldman, The Role of History in Party Struggle,1962-4. The China Quarterly, No.51,1972, p.515-516.
② Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po,The Poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York,Harper & Row,1972, pp.18-24.
③聂华苓、保罗·安格尔：《革命的领袖,浪漫的诗人》,万成译,《外国学者评毛泽东》(第3卷),中国工人出版社1997年版,420-427页。
① Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po,The Poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York, Harper & Row,1972, pp.3-25.
②聂华苓、保罗·安格尔：《革命的领袖,浪漫的诗人》,万成译,《外国学者评毛泽东》(第3卷),中国工人出版社1997年版,第420-427页。
③参考乐蜀：《聂华苓：把毛泽东诗词译介给全世界》,《南方人物周刊》2007年14期。
④[美]R.麦克法夸尔,费正清编：《剑桥中华人民共和国史(1966-1982)》,俞金尧等译,中国社会科学出版社1992年版,第780页。
① Gotz, Michael Louis, Images of the Worker in Contemporary Chinese Fiction, (1949-1964). Califonia,1977, p.12.
② Bonnie S. McDougall, Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley:University of California Press,1984, pp.288-290.
③ Chin Luke Kai-hsin. The Politics of Drama Reform in China after 1949. New York University,1980, pp.72-99.
①[美]哈里森·索尔兹伯里：《长征：前所未闻的故事》,过家鼎等译,解放军出版社1986年版,第378-396页。
②[美]罗斯·特里尔：《毛泽东传》,刘路新等译,河北人民出版社1990年版,第305-384页。
① Albert Borowitz,Fiction in Communist China 1949-1953.Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1954,p.1.
② Ibid.,19-97.
③ Ibid.,75-97.
① C.W. Shih, Co-operatives and Communes in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.195-203.
① Ibid.,207-208.
② C. T. Hsia, Residual Femininity:Women in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.158-159.
① Ibid.,161-173.
② Ibid.,174-179.
① Richard F. S. Yang, Industrial Workers in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.214-225.
② C. T. Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,1917-1957. New Haven:Yale University Press,1961, pp.475-479.
③ Li Chi, Communist War Stories, The China Quarterly. No.13,1963, p.154.
④ S. H. Chen, Multiplicity in Uniformity:Poetry and the Great Leap Forward. The China Quarterly, No.3,1960, pp.1-6.
① Joe. C. Huang, Heroes and villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life. New York:PICA Press,1973, pp.ix-xi.
① Ibid.,xiv
② Ibid.,2-49.
① Ibid.,55-108.
② Ibid.,116-137.
③ Ibid.,152-180.
① Ibid.,218-236.
② Ibid.,239-279.
①Lu.Alexander Ya-li.Political Control of Literature in Communist China,1949-1966.Indiana,1972, pp.244-256.
② Ibid.,239-279.
③ Ibid.,239-279.
① Tsai Mei-hsi. The Construction of Positive Types in Contemporary Chinese Fiction. California,1975, p.251.
② Yang, Daniel Shih-p'eng, The Traditional Theatre of China in Its Contemporary Setting:an Examination of the Patterns of Change within the Peking Theater since 1949, Wisconsin,1968, pp.1-82.
③ Wilkinson, Joseph N, The Plays and Playwrights of the Chinese Communist Theatre. Michigan,1970, pp.4-7
① Ibid.,pp.242-254.
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Literature of the People's Republic of China, Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1980, pp.1-8.
①樊一：《<剑桥中国史>第14卷评析研讨会综述》,《中共党史研究》1994年第6期。
②[美] R.麦克法夸尔,费正清编：《剑桥中华人民共和国史：中国革命内部的革命(1966-1982)》,第788-800页。
①同上,第801-829页。
①[美]马若芬：《意在故事构成之中：赵树理的明描隐示》,出自中国赵树理研究会编：《赵树理研究文集(下)：外国学者论赵树理》,中国文联出版公司1998年版,第36-40页。
②[英]约翰·伯耶：《三里湾与<花好月圆>之比较》,出自中国赵树理研究会编：《赵树理研究文集(下)：外国学者论赵树理》,中国文联出版公司1998年版版,第279-299页。
① W. J. F. Jenner, Is a Modern Chinese Literature Possible? In:Kubin, W. and R. Wagner, eds. Essays in Modern Chinese Literature and Literary Criticism. Bochum:Brockmeyer,1982, pp.194-213.
① Ibid.,208-224.
② Gotz,Michael Louis,Images of the Worker in Contemporary Chinese Fiction,(1949-1964).Califonia,1977, p.5.
③ Ibid.,24-30.
① Ibid.,298-299.
② Ibid.,182-300.
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Literature of the People's Republic of China, Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1980, p.619.
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963,pp.41-58.
① Ibid.45-46.
② Ibid.46-50.
③ Ibid.52-53.
① Ibid.46-59.
② S.H.Chen,Multiplicity Uniformity:Poetry and the Great Leap Forward.The China Quarterly No.3,1960, p.9.
③ Ibid.,5-13.
① Li Chi, Communist War Stories, The China Quarterly. No.13,1963, pp.155-157.
① Cyril Birch, Chinese Communist Literature:The Persistence of Traditional Forms. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.78.
① Tsai Mei-hsi. The Construction of Positive Types in Contemporary Chinese Fiction. California,1975, p.251.
① Ibid.,52-60.
② Ibid.,62-257.
① Ibid.,258.
② Joe.C.Huang,Heroes and villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life.New York:PlCA Press,1973,pp.8-9.
③ Ibid.,26-39.
④ Ibid.,140-141.
① Ibid.,75-232.
② Wilkinson, Joseph N, The Plays and Playwrights of the Chinese Communist Theatre. Michigan,1970, pp.104-208.
①[美]马若芬：《意在故事构成之中：赵树理的明描隐示》,出自中国赵树理研究会编：《赵树理研究文集(下)：外国学者论赵树理》,中国文联出版公司1998年版,第43-45页。
① Theodore Huters ed, Reading the Modern Chinese Short Story. Armonk:Sharpe,1990, Preface-4.
② Ibid.,93-97.
③ Ibid.,97-98.
① Ibid.,100-101.
② Ibid.,103.
① Bonnie S. McDougall ed, Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley:University of California Press, pp.250-261.
① Gotz, Michael Louis, Images of the Worker in Contemporary Chinese Fiction, (1949-1964). Califonia,1977, pp.62-317.
② Ibid..210-242.
③ Bonnie S. McDougall ed, Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley:University of California Press, pp.214-220.
①[美]迈克尔·戈茨：《西方对中国现代文学研究的发展》,尹慧珉译,《中国现代文学研究丛刊》1983年第1期。
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.41.
① Dorothy Blair Shimer, The Mentor Book of Modern Asian Literature from the Khyber Pass to Fuji, New York: New American Library,1969, p.20.
①陈跃红：《汉学家的文化血统》,出自张西平编：《他乡有夫子》,外语教学与研究出版社2005年版,第104页。
②洪子城：《中国当代文学史》,北京大学出版社1999年版,第25页。
③丁景唐主编：《中国新文学大系(1949-1976)》第19集,上海文艺出版社1997年版,第696页。
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.41-58.
② Cyril Birch, Chinese Communist Literature:The Persistence of Traditional Forms. The China Quarterly,No.13, 1963, p.84.
①[美]王德威著：《海外中国现代文学研究的历史、现状与未来》,《当代作家评论》2006年第4期。
2、Peter S. H. Tang, Communist China Today. New York:Praeger,1957.
3、Edmund Stillman, Francois Bondy. Bitter Harvest:The Intellectual Revolt behind the Iron Curtain. London:Thames & Hudson,1959.
4、Roclerick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960.
5、C.T. Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,1917-1957. New Haven:Yale University Press,1961.
6、Lammers, Raymond J. An Analysis of a Representative Sample of Plays Written and Used by the Chinese Communists for Propagandistic Purposes. Minnesota 1962.
7、Kai-yu Hsu, Twentieth Century Chinese Poetry:An Anthology. New York:Anchor 1964.
8、A. C. Scott. Literature and the Arts in 20th China. London:George Allen & Unwin Ltd.,1965.
9、Peter S. H. Tang and Joan M. Maloney, Communist China:the Domestic Scene,1949-1967. New Jersey:Seton Hall University Press,1967.
10、Peter Berton, Eugene Wu, Contemporary China:a research guide. Stanford:Hoover Institution,1967.
11、Yang, Daniel Shih-p'eng. The Traditional Theatre of China in its Contemporary Setting:an Examination of the Patterns of Change within the Peking Theater since 1949. Wisconsin,1968.
12、Li Tien-yi, Chinese fiction. A bibliography of books and articles in Chinese and English. New Haven:Far Eastern Publications,1968.
13、The Gate of Darkness:Studies on the Leftist Literary Movement in China. Seattle:University of Washington Press,1968.
14、Chuang, H. C. Evening Chats at Yenshan, or the Case of Teng To. Studies in Chinese Communist Terminology, no.14. Berkeley:Center for Chinese Studies, University of California,1970.
15、Edited by Frank N. Trager and William Henderson, Communist China, 1949-1969. A Twenty-Year Appraisal. New York:New York University Press, 1970.
16、Dorothy Blair Shimer, ed., The Mentor Book of Modern Asian Literature from the Khyber Pass to Fuji, New York:New American Library,1969.
17、Hu, John Yaw-herng, Ts'ao Yu:Playwright of Discontent and Disillusionment. Indiana,1969.
18、Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. New York:Humanities Press,1970.
19、Wilkinson, Joseph N. The Plays and Playwrights of the Chinese Communist Theatre. Michigan,1970.
20、Meserve Walter J. and Ruth I. Modern Drama from Communist China.1970.
21、Crozier, Ralph C., ed. China's Cultural Legacy and Communism. New York: Praeger,1970.
22、Edited by W. J. F. Jenner, Modern Chinese stories. London:Oxford University Press,1970.
23、Cyril Birch, Anthology of Chinese literature. Volume 2, From the 14th century to the present day/edited and with an introduction. New York:Grove Pr.,1972.
24、Edited by C. T. Hsia, with the assistance of Joseph S. M. Lau, Twentieth-century Chinese stories. New York:Columbia University Press,1971.
25、Julia C. Lin, Modern Chinese Poetry:An Introduction. University of Washington Press,1972.
26、Lois Wheeler Snow. An American Actress in the People's Republic of China. New York:Random House,1972.
27、Nieh Hua-Ling, Shen Ts'ung-Wen. New York:Twayne Publishers,1972.
28、Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po, The poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York:Harper & Row,1972.
29、Lu. Alexander Ya-li. Political Control of Literature in Communist China, 1949-1966. Indiana,1972.
30、Leonard Gordon, Frank Shulman.Doctoral dissertations on China; a bibliography of studies in Western languages,1945-1970. Seattle:University of Washington Press,1972.
31、Joe C. Huang, Heroes and Villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life,1973.
32、Mitchell, John D. The Red Pear Garden:Three Great Dramas of Revolutionary China. Boston:David R. Godine.1973.
33、Yuan-li Wu, China:A Handbook. New York:Praeger,1973.
34、Translation, introduction, and notes by Hua-ling Nieh Engle and Paul Engle, with illustrations by Cheng Kar-chun. The poetry of Mao Tse-tung. London:Wildwood House,1973.
35、Roderick MacFarquhar, The Origins of the Cultural Revolution: Contradictions Among the People 1956-1957. New York:Columbia University Press,1974.
36、William Mc-Naughton, Chinese Literature:An Anthology from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Rutland:Charles E. Tuttle Company,1974.
37、Tai Yih-jian. The Contemporary Chinese Theatre and Soviet Influence, 1919-1960. Southern illinois,1974.
38、Cheng, Philip Hui-ho. The Function of Chinese Opera in Social Control and Change.Southern Illinois,1974.
39、Cheung Dominic C. N. Feng Chih:a Study of the Ascent and Decline of His Lyricism. (1920-1959). Washington,1974.
40、Martin Ebon, Five Chinese Communist Plays, New York:The John Day Company,1975.
41、Liu, Wu-Chi, and Irving Yucheng Lo, eds. Sunflower Splendor:Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry. Bloomington, IN:Indiana University Press, 1975.
42、Kai-yu Hsu ed. The Chinese Literary Scene:A Writers'Visit to the People's Republic. New York:Vintage Books,1975.
43、Tsai Mei-hsi. The Construction of Positive Types in Contemporary Chinese Fiction. California,1975.
44、John David Berninghausen, Ted Huters, Revolutionary Literature in China: An Anthology. White Plains, New York:M. E. Sharpe,1976.
45、Graciela de la Lama ed.30th International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa:China. Mexico:El Colegio de Mexico,1982.
46、Merle Goldman ed. Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge, Harvard University Press,1977.
47、Gotz, Michael Louis, Images of the Worker in Contemporary Chinese Fiction, (1949-1964). Califonia,1977.
48、Frank Shulma. Doctoral dissertations on China,1971-1975:a bibliography of studies in Western languages. Seattle:University of Washington Press,1978.
49、Howard Roger. Contemporary Chinese Theatre. London:Heinemann,1978.
50、Dominic Cheung, Feng Chih. Boston:Twayne Publishers,1979.
51、Tsai Meishi, Contemporary Chinese Novels and Short Stories,1949-1974. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1979.
52、Wang John Ming-Kae. A History of Chinese Communist Drama.1937-1972. Southern Illinois,1979.
53、Chin Luke Kai-hsin. The Politics of Drama Reform in China after 1949. New York,1980.
54、Winston L. Y.Yang; Curtis P. Adkins, Critical Essays on Chinese Fiction. Hong Kong:The Chinese University Press,1980.
55、Kai-yu Hsu, Literature of the People's Republic of China, Bloomington: Indiana University Press,1980.
56、Nieh Hua-Ling, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics; vol.2 Poetry and Fiction. New York:Columbia University Press,1981.
57、Merle Goldman, China's intellectuals:advise and dissent. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press,1981.
58、Winston L. Y.Yang, Nathan K. Mao, Modern Chinese Fiction:A Guide to Its Study and Appreciation:Essays and Bibliographies, Boston:G K. Hall & Co., 1981.
59、Vivian Ling Hsu ed, Born of the same roots:stories of modern Chinese women. Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1981.
60、Angela Jung Palandri ed, Women writers of 20th-century China. Eugene, Oregon:Univ. of Oregon,1982.
61、Kubin, W.and R. Wagner, eds. Essays in Modern Chinese Literature and Literary Criticism. Bochum:Brockmeyer,1982.
62、Edward Gunn, Twentieth-century Chinese Drama:An Anthology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington,1983.
63、Barme, Geremie and Lee, Bennett tr. Fragrant Weeds-Chinese Short Stories Once Labelled as "Poisonous Weeds". Hong Kong:Joint,1983.
64、Bonnie S. McDougall, Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley:University of California Press,1984.
65、Hsiao-Wei Wang, Chang Hen-shui:His Life and Fictional Technique. Wisconsin,1984.
66、Robert E. Hegel and Richard C. Hessney, Expressions of Self in Chinese Literature. New York:Columbia University Press,1985.
67、Carol Lee Ham-tin and Timothy Creek. China's establishment intellectuals. Armonk (New York) and London:M.E. Sharpe.1986.
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70、Constantine Tung and Colin Mackerras, Drama in the People's Republic of China. Albany:State University of New York Press,1987.
71、Roderick MacFarquhar and John K. Fairbank eds. The Cambridge history of China Vol 14, Cambridge Univ Press 1987.
72、Roderick MacFarquhar and John K. Fairbank eds. The Cambridge history of China Vol 15. Cambridge Univ Press,1991.
73、Eds. R.A. Roberts and A. Knox. One Half the Sky:Stories of Contemporary Women Writers of China. London:Heinneman,1987.
74、Howard Goldblatt ed, Worlds Apart:Recent Chinese Writing and its Audiences. Armonk, NY:Sharpe,1990
75、Siu, Helen F. ed. Furrows, Peasants, Intellectuals and the State.Stories and Histories from Modern China, Stanford CA:Stanford Unviersity,1990.
76、Theodore Huters ed, Reading the Modern Chinese Short Story. Armonk Sharpe,1990.
77、Wagner, Rudolph,The Contemporary Chinese Historical Drama:Four Studies. Berkeley:University of California Press,1990.
78、Edward Gunn. Rewriting Chinese:Style and Innovation in Twentieth-Century Chinese Prose. Stanford, CA:stanford University Press,1991.
79、Matthews Josephine Alzbetu, Artistry and Authenticity:Zhao Shuli and His Fictional World, Iowa,1991.
80、Wagner, Rudolph, Inside a Service Trade:Studies in Contemporary Chinese Prose. Harvard University Press,1992.
81、Frank Shulman. Doctoral dissertations on China and on inner Asia, 1976-1990:an annotated bibliography of studies in western languages. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Press,1998.
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4、Ralph N. Clough, United States China Policy, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.321,1959.
5、S. H. Chen, Multiplicity in Uniformity:Poetry and the Great Leap Forward. The China Quarterly, No.3,1960.
6、Cyril Birch, Lao She:The Humorist in His Humor. The China Quarterly, No.8, 1961.
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8、William Ayers, Current Biography in Communist China Current Biography in Communist China. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.21, No.4,1962.
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10、Merle Goldman, Hu Feng's Conflict with the Communist Literary Authorities. The China Quarterly, No.12,1962.
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13、C.T. Hsia, Residual Femininity:Women in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
14、C. W.Shih, Co-operatives and Communes in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
15、Li Chi, Communist War Stories, The China Quarterly. No.13,1963.
16、Richard F. S. Yang, Industrial Workers in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
17、The Image of Youth and Age in Chinese Communist Literature, The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
18、T. A. Hsia, Heroes and Hero-worship in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
19、S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
20、Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
21、Yong-Sang Ng, The Poetry of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963.
22、Vincent Y. C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
23、Cyril Birch, Chinese Communist Literature:The Persistence of Traditional Forms. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
24、Cyril Birch, The Particle of Art. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963.
25、Merle Goldman,Writers' Criticism of The Party in 1942. The China Quarterly, No.17,1964.
26、Vincent Y.C. Shih, Mao Tun:The Critic (Part I). The China Quarterly, No. 19,1964.
27、Stuart R. Scharm, Mao as a Poet. Problems of Communism. Vol. XIII, No,5. 1964.
28、Maurice Freedamn, What Social Science Can Do For Chinese Studies, The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.23, No.4,1964.
29、G.William Skinner, What the Study of China Can Do for Social Science. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.23, No.4,1964.
30、Merle Goldman, The Fall of Chou Yang. The China Quarterly, No.27,1966.
31、C.N. Tay, From Snow to Plum Blossoms:A Commentary on Some Poems by Mao Tse-Tung. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.25, No.2,1966.
32、Howard L. Boorman, Mao Tse-tung as Historian. The China Quarterly, No. 28,1966.
33、Rhoads Murphey, Man and Nature in China. Modern Asian Studies, Vol.1, No.4.1967.
34、George Woodcock, Literary Lines in China, Pacific Affairs, Vol.40, No.1/2, 1967.
35、W.J. F. Jenner, Class Struggle in a Chinese Village-A Novelist's View:Hao Ran's Yan Yang Tian. Modern Asian Studies, Vol.1, No.2,1967.
36、George Woodcock, Literary Lines in China, Pacific Affairs, Vol.40, No.1/2, 1967.
37、Stuart R. Schram, Mao Tse-tung as a charismatic leader. Asian Survey, No.6, 1967.
38、Ts'ao Yu:Dramatist in Communist China, Walter J. Meserve and Ruth I. Meserve, Comparative Drama, Volume 2, Issue 2, Summer 1968.
39、Shih Vincent Y.C. Satire in Chinese Communist Literature. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies. No.8,1968.
40、Mary Sheridan, The Emulation of Heroes, The China Quarterly, No.33, 1968.
41、Merle Goldman, The Unique "Blooming and Contending" of 1961-62. The China Quarterly, No.17,1969.
42、F.S. YANG Behind the Bamboo Curtain:What the Communists Did to the. Peking Opera. Educational Theatre Journal, Vol.21, No.1,1969.
43、C.N. Tay, Two Poems of Mao Tse-tung in the Light of Chinese Literary Tradition. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.29, No.3,1970.
44、Joe C. Huang, Villains, Victims and Morals in Contemporary Chinese Literature, The China Quarterly, No.46,1971.
45、Byung-Joon Ahn, The Politics of Peking Opera,1962-1965, Asian Survey, Vol.12, No.12,1972.
46、Merle Goldman, The Role of History in Party Struggle,1962-4 The China Quarterly, No.51,1972.
47、Jonathan Mirsky, China after Nixon, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.402,1972.
48、Lucian W. Pye, China and the United States:A New Phase. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.402,1972.
49、Constantine Tung, The Hidden Enemy as Villain in Communist Chinese Drama, Educational Theatre Journal, Vol.25, No.3,1973.
50、Perry Link, Li His-fan on Modern Chinese Literature. The China Quarterly, No.58,1974.
51、James J. Y. Liu, The Study of Chinese Literature in the West:Recent Development, Current Trends, Future Prospects. Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.35, No.1,1975.
52、Joey Bonner, Yu P'ing-po and the Literary Dimension of the Controversy over Hung Lou Meng, The China Quarterly, No.67,1976
53、Joe C. Huang, Haoran:the Peasant Novelist, Modern China, Vol.2, No.3, 1976.
54、Michael Gotz, The Development of Modern Chinese Literature Studies in the West:A Critical View. Modern China, Vol.2, No.3,1976.
55、King Richard, Rightest in the Wilderness. Qin Zhaoyang's Memories of His Twenty Years of Ostracism. Modern Chinese Literature newsletter. No.2,1980.
56、Gibbs, Donald, Dissonant Voices in Chinese Literature:Hu Feng. Chinese Studies in Literature,1979-1980.
57、Ramon H. Myers and Thomas A. Metzger. Sinological Shadows:The State of Modern China Studies in the U.S. The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, No. 4,1980.
58、Michael Nylan, The American Programme for Advanced Study in China: Stealing the March? The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, No.6,1981.
59、Timothy Cheek, Deng Tuo:Culture, Leninism and Alternative Marxism in the Chinese Communist Party. The China Quarterly, No.87,1981.
60、Bonnie S. McDougall Memories & Metamorphoses of a Thirties'Intellectual: A Study of He Qifang's何其芳"Old Men" (Lao ren老人)ChineseLiterature:Essays, Articles, Reviews. Vol.3, No.1, Jan,1981.
61、Paul Bady, The Modern Chinese Writer:Literary Incomes and Best Sellers, The China Quarterly, No.88,1981.
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70、Leo Ou-fan Lee, Contemporary Chinese Literature in Translation-A review Article, The Journal Of Asian Studies, Vol.44, No.3,1985.
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73、Susan Wilf Chen, Mao Tun The Translator. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol.48, No.1,1988.
74、Irene Eber, Social Harmony, Family and Women in Chinese Novels,1948-58, The China Quarterly, No.117,1989.
75、Frederick P. Brandauer, Regionalism and Modernnism in the Life and Works of Shen Congwen. Modern China.April,1989.
76、Yuan Ming, Chinese Intellectuals and the United States.Asian Survey, No.7, 1989.
77、Michelle Yeh, A New Orientation to Poetry:the Transition from Traditional to Modern, Chinese Literature:Essays, Articles, Reviews, No.12,1990.
78、Riggan, William, Contemporary Chinese literature. World Literature Today, Summer,1991, Vol.65, Issue 3.
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1.[美]爱德华·W·萨义德著,王宇根译：《东方学》,三联书店1999年版。
2. [美]费正清著,张理京译：《美国与中国》,世界知识出版社2000年版。
3.[美]费正清著,刘尊棋译：《伟大的中国革命(1900-1985)》,世界知识出版社2000年版。
4.[英]弗朗西斯·斯托纳·桑德斯著,曹大鹏译：《文化冷战与中央情报局》,国际文化出版公司2002年版。
5.[美]华勒斯坦等著,刘健芝等编：《学科·知识·权力》,三联书店1999年版。
6.[美]柯文著,林同奇译：《在中国发现历史——中国中心观在美国的兴起》(增订本),中华书局2002年版。
7. [美]孔华润著,张静尔等译,《美国对中国的反应——中美关系的历史剖析》,复旦大学出版社1989年版。
8.[美]迈克尔·谢勒著,徐泽荣译：《二十世纪的美国与中国》,三联书店1985年版。
9.[英]尼克·史蒂文森编,陈志杰译：《文化与公民身份》,吉林出版集团有限责任公司2007年版。
10.[美]聂华苓：《三生影像》,三联书店2008年版。
11.[美]史景迁著,尹庆军等译：《天安门：中国知识分子与革命》,中央编译出版社1998年版。
12.[挪威]文安立著：《冷战与革命——苏美冲突与中国内战的起源》,陈之宏、陈兼译,广西师范大学出版社2002年版。
13.[美]夏志清：《岁除的哀伤》,江苏文艺出版社2006年9月版。
14.[美]杨富森：《我在美国三十年》,三联书店1985年版。
15.安平秋,[美]安乐哲编：《北美汉学家辞典》,人民文学出版社2001年版。
16.陈君静：《大洋彼岸的回声：美国中国史研究历史考察》,中国社会科学出版社2003年版。
17.程光炜：《文学想象与文学国家——中国当代文学研究(1949-1976)》,河南大学出版2005年版。
18.董之林：《追忆燃情岁月——五十年代小说艺术类型论》,河南人民出版社2001年版。
19.董之林：《旧梦新知：“十七年”小说论稿》,广西师范大学出版社2004年版。
20.方长安：《冷战·民族·文学——新中国“十七年”中外文学关系研究》,中国社会科学出版社2009年版。
21.葛兆光：《域外中国学十论》,复旦大学出版社2002年版。
22.韩铁：《福特基金会与美国的中国学(1950-1979)》,中国社会科学出版社2004年版。
23.贺桂梅：《转折的时代——40-50年代作家研究》,山东教育出版社2003年版。
24.洪子诚：《中国当代文学史》,北京大学出版社1997年版。
25.黄长著、孙越生、王组望主编：《欧洲中国学》,社会科学文献出版社2005年版。
26.李存光编：《巴金研究资料(下卷)》,海峡文艺出版社1985年版。
27.李扬：《50-70年代文学经典再解读》,山东教育出版社2003年版。
28.李岫：《茅盾研究在国外》,湖南人民出版社1984年版。
29.李岫主编：《二十世纪中外文学交流史》(下),河北教育出版社2001年版。
30.刘放桐等编著：《新编现代西方哲学》,人民出版社2000年版。
31.罗钢、刘象愚主编：《后殖民主义文化理论》中国社会科学出版社1999年版。
32.施建业：《中国文学在世界的传播与影响》,黄河出版社1993年版。
33.孙越生、陈书梅：《美国中国学手册》,中国社会科学出版社1993年版。
34.王本朝：《中国当代文学制度研究(1949-1976)》,新星出版社2007年版。
35.萧延中主编：《国外学者评毛泽东》,中国工人出版社1997年版。
36.谢冕、洪子诚主编：《中国当代文学史料选：1948-1975》,北京大学出版社1995年版。
37.熊文华著：《英国汉学史》,学苑出版社2007年版。
38.杨守森主编：《20世纪中国作家心态史》,中央编译出版社1998年版。
39.於可训：《当代文学：建构与阐释》,武汉大学出版社2005年版。
40.乐黛云、张辉主编：《文化传递与文学形象》,北京大学出版社1999年版。
41.曾广灿编著：《老舍研究纵览1929-1986》,天津教育出版社1987年版。
42.周宁：《龙的幻象》,学苑出版社2004年版。
43.中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版。
44.中国赵树理研究会编：《外国学者论赵树理》,中国文联出版公司1998年版。
45.张弘：《中国文学在英国》,花城出版社1992年版。
46.张西平编：《欧美汉学研究的历史与现状》,大象出版社2006年版。
47.张西平编：《他乡有夫子——汉学研究导论》(上、下),外语教学与研究出版社2005年版。
48.朱耀伟：《当代西方批评论述的中国图像》,中国人民大学出版社2006年版。
49.朱政惠：《美国中国学史研究——海外中国学探索的理论与实践》,上海古籍出版社2004年版。
50.朱寨：《中国当代文学思潮史》,人民文学出版社1987年版。
1. [澳]腓特烈·泰伟斯：《西方的当代中国研究》,《当代中国史研究》2004年第11卷第6期。
2.[美]金介甫：《中国文学(1949-1999)的英译文出版情况述评》,查建明译,《当代作家评论》2006年第3期。
3. [美]李欧梵：《美国研究中国现代文学研究的现状和方法》,《河南大学学报》1986年第5期。
4. [美]李欧梵著,季进、宋洋译：《身处中国话语的边缘：边缘文化意义的个人思考》,《当代作家评论》2008年第1期。
5. [加]梁丽芳：《海外中国当代文学的英译选本》,《中国翻译》1994年第1期。
6. [美]王德威：《重读夏志清教授<中国现代小说史>》,《当代作家评论》2005年第4期。
7.[美]王德威著：《海外中国现代文学研究的历史、现状与未来》,《当代作家评论》2006年第4期。
8. [美]王德威著,张清芳译：《英语世界的现代文学研究之报告》,《海南师范大学学报》2007年第3期。
9.[美]夏志清著,刘绍铭译：《中国小说、美国评论家——有关结构、传统和讽刺小说的联想》,《当代作家评论》2005年第4期。
10.鲍焕然：《新民歌运动：激进现代性的文化表征》,《武汉大学学报》2007年第5期。
11.程光炜：《艾青在1956年前后》,《天涯》1998年第2期。
12.樊一：《<剑桥中国史>第14卷评析研讨会综述》,《中共党史研究》1994年第6期。
13.方长安：《“十七年”文坛对欧美现代派文学的介绍与言说”》，《文学评论》2008年第2期。
14.方长安：《论外国文学译介在十七年语境中的嬗变》,《文学评论》2002年第
2期。
15.季进：《美国的中国现代文学研究管窥》,《当代作家评论》2007年第4期。
16.李昌银：《中国当代文学(1949-1976)在国外》,云南民族学院学报2000年第5期。
17.李凤亮：《海外华人学者批评理论研究的几个问题》,《文学评论》2006年第3期。
18.彭松,唐金海：《海外华人学者现代文学研究中的传统因素——以夏志清、李欧梵、王德威为例》,《文学评论》2007年第5期。
19.阙本旭：《台港书中的沈从文印象——海外沈从文研究述略》,《高校文献信息研究》2001年第8卷第4期。
20.任蕾：《50年来美国对中国的若干问题研究》,《中共党史研究》2000年第1期。
21.沈君山：《台湾的高等教育与改革》,《上海高教研究》1997年第5期。
22.苏景超：《建国后十七年的诗歌创作》,《文艺理论与批评》1997年第3期。
23.王光东：《十七年小说中的民间形态及美学意义》,《南方文坛》2002年第1期。
24.王海龙：《西方汉学与中国批评方式——夏志清现象的启示》,《扬州大学学报》1998年第5期。
25.王宁：《中国现当代文学研究在西方》,《中国文化研究》2001年春之卷。
26.温儒敏：《国外现代中国文学研究述略》,辽宁师范大学学报1984年第1期。
27.吴秀明,张锦：《海外中国现代文学研究对新时期以来内地学界的影响》,《社会科学战线》2007年第6期。
28.席扬：《多元文化视域中的“价值形象”——半个世纪以来国外赵树理研究评析》,《文艺研究》2006年第11期。
29.许维贤：《审美,或超“历史”的脱身术——夏志清<中国现代小说史>的批评视野》,《华文文学》2006年第6期。
30.阎纯德：《从“传统”到“现代”：汉学形态的历史演进》,《文史哲》2004年第5期。
31.袁鹏：《美国的当代中国研究(上、中、下)》,《国际资料信息》2003年第5、6、7期。
32.张智中：《毛泽东诗词英译综评》,《重庆三峡学院学报》2007年第1期。
33.周发祥：《试论西方汉学界的“西论中用”现象》,《文学评论》1997年第6期。
34.资中筠：《洛克菲勒基金会与中国》,《美国研究》1996年第1期。
①吴秀明：《论“十七年文学”的矛盾性特征——兼谈整体研究的几点思考》,《文艺研究》2008年第8期。
②周扬：《继往开来,繁荣社会主义新时期的文艺——在中国文学艺术工作者第四次代表大会上的报告》,《中国文学艺术工作者第四次代表大会文集》,四川人民出版社1980年版,第26页。
③代表性的著作有：丁帆、王世城《十七年文学：“人”与“自我”的失落》(河南大学出版社1999年版)；黄子平《“灰阑”中的叙述》(上海文艺出版社2001年版)；李扬《50-70年代文学经典再解读》(山东教育出版社2003年版)；董之林《追忆燃情岁月——五十年代小说艺术类型论》(河南人民出版社2001年版)及《旧梦新知：“十七年”小说论稿》(广西师范大学出版社2004年版)等。
④丁帆、王世城：《十七年文学：“人”与“自我”的失落》,河南大学出版社1999年版,第11页。
⑤於可训：《“十七年文学”的历史叙述》,引自於可训著：《当代文学：建构与阐释》,武汉大学出版社2005年版,第88页。
①张西平编：《他乡有夫子——汉学研究导论·编者序》,外语教学与研究出版社2005年版。
① Sinology一词的译名及“汉学”、“中国学”与“中国研究”三个词语之间的关系,目前学术界亦存有争论。详情可见张西平所编的《他乡有夫子——汉学研究导论》(外语教学与研究出版社2005年版)中收入的李学勤《应加强对国际汉学的研究》、严绍璗的《我对国际中国学(汉学)的认识——我的30年“国际中国学”研究之路》、高建平的《“汉学”杂谈》、阎纯德的《汉学和汉学研究》等文,以及陈君静所著的《大洋彼岸的回声——美国中国史研究考察》(中国社会科学出版社2003年版)一书的前言。它们之间的论争非本文考察的重点,因此本文不对此加以阐述。在具体运用中,本文倾向于将汉学等同于中国学,即都把它们看作是外国对中国的研究。
②[日]村松佑次：《外国对中国的研究》,转引自中国社会科学院哲学研究所主编：《美国中国学手册》,中国社会科学出版社1981年版,第4页。
③关于美英两国二战后中国研究发展的详细情况,可参见孙越生,陈书梅主编主编的《美国中国学手册》(中国社会科学出版社1993年版),王建平、曾华的《美国战后中国学》(东北大学出版社2003年版),黄长著、孙越生、王组望主编的《欧洲中国学》(社会科学文献出版社2005年版),熊文华著：《英国汉学史》(学苑出版社2007年版)等著作。
④韩铁：《福特基金会与美国的中国学(1950-1979年)》,中国社会科学出版社2004年版。
⑤ Cyril Birch, The Particle of Art. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.5.
①[美]爱德华·W·萨伊德著,王宇根译：《东方学》,三联书店1999年版,第349页。
②[美]柯文著,林同奇译：《在中国发现历史——中国中心观在美国的兴起》(增订本),中华书局2002年版,第167页。
①[荷]莱恩·T·赛格尔斯：《“文化身份的重要性——文学研究中的新视角”》,转自乐黛云,张辉主编：《文化传递与文学形象》,北京大学出版社1999年版,第340页。
②关于东、西方文化体系的划分,详情见季羡林《简明东方文学史·绪论》,季羡林等编：《简明东方文学史》,北京大学出版社1987年版,
③本章表格的资料来源：美英研究者的著作、文章依据“导论”的第四部分整理。(详情见前文)研究者的出生年、性别、教育背景、经历主要依据孙越生、陈书梅主编《美国中国学手册》(中国社会科学出版社1993年版)；安平秋、(美)安乐哲主编《北美汉学家辞典》(人民文学出版社2001年版)；黄长著、孙越
① Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, p.273.
①[美]迈克尔·戈茨：《西方对中国现代文学研究的发展》,尹慧珉译,《中国现代文学研究丛刊》1983年第1期。
② Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.15-16.
③ Cyril Birch, The Particle of Art. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.5.
④出自徐光瓒、郑继宗著：《传播中国文化于欧美的许芥昱》一文,转引自四川省政协文史资料研究委员会、四川省文史馆编：《四川近现代文化人物》,四川人民出版社1989年版,第273页。
① Dorothy Blair Shimer, The Mentor Book of Modern Asian Literature from the Khyber Pass to Fuji, New York: New American Library,1969, p.20.
②阎纯德：《从“传统”到“现代”：汉学形态的历史演进》,《文史哲》2004年第5期。
③ C. T. Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,1917-1957. New Haven:Yale University Press,1961, p.495.
④ Vincent Y. C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.92.
① C. W. Shih, Co-operatives and Communes in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.205.
② Richard F. S. Yang, Industrial Workers in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13, p.225.
③ Li Chi, Communist War Stories, The China Quarterly. No.13,1963, p.154.
④ C. T. Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,1917-1957. New Haven:Yale University Press,1961, p.495.
①杨牧：《伯克莱——怀念陈世骧先生》,转引自童宗盛,陈尔静编：《我的老师》,山东教育出版社1988年版,第23-31页。
② Kai-yu Hsu, The ChineseLliterary Scene:a writer's visit to the People's Republic, New York:Vintage Books, 1976, pp.12-17.
③关于陈世骧所受西方文学理论、中国古典文学的影响,以及创作新诗的经历,可参见夏志清《悼念陈世骧——并试论其治学成就》一文,出自夏志清：《岁除的哀伤》,江苏文艺出版社2006年版,第101-105页。
①参见夏志清《上海,一九三二年春》、《读、写、研究三部曲》二文,出自夏志清：《岁除的哀伤》,江苏文艺出版社2006年版,第3-21页。
②出自徐光瓒、郑继宗《传播中国文化于欧美的许芥昱》一文,转引自四川省政协文史资料研究委员会、四川省文史馆编：《四川近现代文化人物》,四川人民出版社1989年版,第272页。
③刘勰著,陆侃如、牟世金译注：《文心雕龙译注》,齐鲁书社1995年版,第359页。
④夏志清：《中国现代小说史·中译本序》,夏志清著,刘绍铭等译：《中国现代小说史》,复旦大学出版社2005年版。
⑤彭松、唐金海：《海外华人学者现代文学研究中的传统因素——以夏志清、李欧梵、王德威为例》,《文学评论》2007年第5期。
⑥ Cyril Birch, Chinese Communist Literature:The Persistence of Traditional Forms. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.78.
⑦从表1可知,本时期,西方本土研究成果共有著作3部、选集1部、文章10篇；从表2可知,华裔研究成果中未有专门探讨中国“十七年文学”的专著,仅夏志清的《中古现代小说史》1、2版中部分章节涉及到新中国文学,但研究文章有17篇,也有选集1部,因此可言,双方成果均比较丰富。
①周宁：《龙的幻象(上)》,学苑出版社2004年版,第206页。
① W. J. F. Jenner, Class Struggle in a Chinese Village-A Novelist's View:Hao Ran's Yan Yang Tian, Modern Asian Studies, Vol.1, No.2,1967.
②周发祥、陈圣生译：《<中国革命文学>引言》,中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版,第129页。
① Willis Barnstone,The poems ofMao Tse-tung.New York,Harper & Row,1972,p.16.
②王国维原著,佛雏校辑：《新订<人间词话>》,华东师范大学出版社1990年版,第79页。
③沈君山：《台湾的高等教育与改革》,《上海高教研究》1997年第5期。
①徐义君主编：《当代台湾史》,当代中国出版社1996年版,第171页。
② Joe. C. Huang, Heroes and villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life. New York:PICA Press,1973, p.ix.
① Joe. C. Huang, Heroes and villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life. New York:PICA Press,1973, pp.vii-ix.
②聂华苓：《三生影像·序》,三联书店2008年版。
③ Translation, Introduction, and Notes by Hua-ling Nieh Engle and Paul Engle, The poetry of Mao Tse-tung. London:Wildwood House,1973本文参考万成译：《革命的领袖、浪漫的诗人》,出自萧延中编：《外国学者评毛泽东》(第3卷),中国工人出版社1997年版,第421-426页。
① W. J. F. Jenner, Is a Modern Chinese Literature Possible? In:Wolfgang Kubin, Rudolf G.Wagner eds. Essays in modern Chinese literature and literary criticism:papers of the Berlin conference, 1978. Bochum:Germany:N. Brockmeyer,1982, p.205.
①[美]柯文著,林同奇译：《在中国发现历史——中国中心观在美国的兴起·序言》(增订本),中华书局2002年版,第55-59页。
① Ed. by Edmund Stillman, with an introduction by Francois Bondy. Bitter Harvest:The Intellectual Revolt behind the Iron Curtain. London:Thames & Hudson,1959, p.viii.
② Ed. by Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, p.ix.
① Ed. by Edmund Stillman, with an introduction by Francois Bondy. Bitter Harvest:The Intellectual Revolt behind the Iron Curtain. London:Thames & Hudson,1959, p.vii.
② Ibid., xvii-xix.
③ Ibid., viii-ix.
④ Ibid.,p.143.
①《文艺报》总编辑张光年,副总编辑侯金镜、陈笑雨：《我们的自我批评——在<文艺报>全体工作人员大会上的联合发言》,《人民日报》1957年7月12日。
② Ed. by Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, pp. ix-13.
① Ed. by Dorothy Blair Shimer, The Mentor Book of Modern Asian Literature from the Khyber Pass to Fuji, New York:New American Library,1969, pp.17-20.
① Ibid.,20.
② Ibid.,82.90.
① Ibid.,172-175.
②伍蠡甫主编：《西方古今文论选》,复旦大学出版社1984年版,第19-22页。
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Twentieth Century Chinese Poetry:An Anthology. New York:Anchor 1964, the foreword.
②蒋登科：《西方视角中的何其芳及其诗歌》,出自吕进,蒋登主编：《现代诗学的多维视野》,西南师范大学出版社2006年版,第467页。
③第一个数字表示选入诗人建国后诗作数目,第二个数字表示选入诗人作品总数。
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Twentieth Century Chinese Poetry:An Anthology. New York:Anchor 1964, pp. xxxviii-xliv.
② Ibid.,xi-xliv.
① Ibid.,xxxix-301.
② Ibid.,131,391.
①薛祖清,席扬：《“符号”与“歧义”——《红旗歌谣》“情诗”解读》,《文艺评论》2005年第5期。
②鲍焕然：《新民歌运动：激进现代性的文化表征》,《武汉大学学报》2007年第5期。
① Ed. by Meserve Walter J, Ruth Ⅰ. Meserve, Modern Drama from Communist China. New York University Press, 1970, p. Preface.
①周发祥,陈圣生译：《<中国革命文学>引言》,出自中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版,第111-128页。
② Ed. by Meserve Walter J, Ruth Ⅰ. Meserve, Modern Drama from Communist China. New York University Press, 1970, p.13.
③周发祥,陈圣生译：《<中国革命文学>引言》,出自中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版,第126页。
④ Ed. by Meserve Walter J, Ruth Ⅰ. Meserve, Modern Drama from Communist China. New York University Press, 1970, p.1.
①周发祥,陈圣生译：《<中国革命文学>引言》,出自中国社会科学院文学研究所国外中国学(文学)研究组编：《国外中国文学研究论丛》,中国文联公司1985年版,第116-124页。
② Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, The Chinese literary scene:a writer's visit to the People's Republic,New York:Vintage Books,1975, p. xi.
① Ibid.,29.
② Ibid.,85-86.
① Ibid.,168-169.
② Ibid.,215.
③ Ibid.,212.
④ Ibid.,233.
⑤ Ibid.,83.
⑥ Ibid.,173-174.
⑦ Ibid.,177.
⑧ Ibid.,253.
① Ibid.,xi-xiv.
① Ed.by W.J.F.Jenner,Modern Chinese stories.London:Oxford University Press,1970,p.vii.
② Ibid.,vii-241.
① Ibid.,viii-149.
② Ibid.,viii-243.
① John D. Mitchell, The Red Pear Garden:Three Great Dramas of Revolutionary China. Boston:David R. Godine,1973, pp.39-47.
① Ibid.,21-35.
② Ibid.,12-20.
①董健,胡星亮主编：《中国当代戏剧史稿》,中国戏剧出版社2008年版,第4页。
② Ed. by W. J. F. Jenner, Modern Chinese stories. London:Oxford University Press,1970, pp. x-viii.
③张智中：《毛泽东诗词英译综评》,《重庆三峡学院学报》2007年第1期。
① Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po, The poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York,Harper & Row,1972, p.21.
②万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,转引自《外国学者评毛泽东(第三卷)》,中国工人出版社1997年版,第421页。
③ op.cit. pp.18-19.
④万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第427页。
⑤ op.cit. pp.18-19. p.24.
①万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第426页。
② op.cit.pp.18.19.,p.24.
③万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第420页。
④ op.cit.pp.18-19.p.24.
⑤万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第425页。
⑥ op.cit.pp.18-19.p.24.
⑦ Ibid.,3-20.
①万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第418-427页。
②乐蜀：《聂华苓：把毛泽东诗词译介给全世界》,《南方人物周刊》2007年第14期。
③ Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po,The poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York,Harper & Row,1972, p.17.
④万成译自《毛泽东诗词·导言》,第417-423页。
①许光瓒,郑继宗：《传播中国文化于欧美的许芥昱》,转引自四川省政协文史资料研究委员会、四川省文史馆编：《四川近现代文化人物》,四川人民出版社1989年版,第275页。
② R. David Arkush, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics'the Introduction, New York:Columbia University Press,1981. pp.viiii-vix
①[美]葛浩文：《许芥昱与现代中国文学》,《外国文学欣赏》1987年第4期。
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Literature of the People's Republic of China, Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1980, pp.42-43.
② Ibid.,792.
③ Ibid.,619.
④ Ibid.,xiii.
①董健,胡星亮主编：《中国当代戏剧史稿》,中国戏剧出版社2008年版,第42页。
① Ed. by Hua-ling Nieh, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period Vol.1 Critism and Polemics, New York: Columbia University Press,1981. p.xxxix.
①聂华苓：《人景与风景》,陕西人民出版社1996年版,第63页。
②方长安,纪海龙：《穆旦被经典化的话语历程》,《南开学报》2007年第3期。
① Ed., Edward Gunn, Twentieth-century Chinese Drama:An Anthology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1983, pp.vii-xx.
① Ibid., xvi-xvii
② Ibid.,xv.
③ Ed.by Helen F. Siu, Furrows, Peasants, Intellectuals and the State.Stories and Histories from Modern China, Stanford CA:Stanford Unviersity,1990, p.vii.
① Ibid.,viii-269.
① Ibid.,24-101.
① Ed. by Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, p. ix.
② Stuart R.Scharm, Mao as a Poet. Problems of Communism. Vol. XIII, No,5.1964, p.38.
① Ibid.,pp.38-39.
① Ed. by Roderick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, p. ix.
①吕祖荫著：《毛泽东诗词读解》,同心出版社1999年版,第188页。
② Stuart R. Scharm, Mao as a Poet. Problems of Communism. Vol. XⅢ, No,5.1964, p.40.
① Ed. by W. J.F. Jenner, Modern Chinese stories. London:Oxford University Press,1970, p. vii.
① Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po, The poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York,Harper & Row,1972, p.141.
① Translation, Introduction, and Notes by Hua-ling Nieh Engle and Paul Engle, The poetry of Mao Tse-tung. London:Wildwood House,1973, p.21.
① Times Literary Supplement. In Ed. by W. J. F. Jenner, Modern Chinese stories. London:Oxford University Press,1970, the back cover.
① Ed. by Hua-ling Nieh, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics, New York: Columbia University Press,1981. p.li.
② Ibid.,li.
①刘绍棠：《我对当前文艺问题的一些浅见》,《文艺学习》1957年5期。
① Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, p.91.
② S.H.Chen, Artificial "Flowers" during a Natural "Thaw". In:Donald W. Treadgold ed. Soviet and Chinese Communim:Similarities and Differences. Seattle:Washington Univ. Press,1967, pp.230-234.
③ Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Pr.,1973,pp.76-77.本书1970年出版于香港,1973年美国重印,其立场、思想倾向更接近第一阶段,笔者将其归入第一阶段。
④ Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.115-126.
⑤ S.H.Chen, Artificial "Flowers" during a Natural "Thaw". In:Donald W. Treadgold ed. Soviet and Chinese Communim:Similarities and Differences. Seattle:Washington Univ. Press,1967, pp.230-241.
⑥ Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Pr., 1973, pp.91-94.
① A. C. Scott. Literature and the Arts in 20th China. London:George Allen & Unwin Ltd.,1965, p.33.
② Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.31.
③ S.H.Chen, Artificial "Flowers" during a Natural "Thaw". In:Donald W. Treadgold ed. Soviet and Chinese Communim:Similarities and Differences. Seattle:Washington Univ. Press,1967, pp.242-245.
④ Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Pr., 1973, pp.94-100.
⑤ Merle Goldman, Hu Feng's Conflict with the Communist Literary Authorities. The China Quarterly, No.12, 1962, p.136.
① Roclerick MacFarquhar, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectuals. New York:Praeger,1960, p.8.
② Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China.Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.167-202.
③ Alan L. Kagan, Music and the Hundred Flowers Movement. The Musical Quarterly, vol.49,1963, pp.418-421.
① S.H.Chen, Artificial "Flowers" during a Natural "Thaw". In:Donald W. Treadgold ed. Soviet and Chinese Communim:Similarities and Differences. Seattle:Washington Univ. Press,1967, pp.220-247.
② Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China.Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.205-242.
③ Ibid.,245-247.
④ Merle Goldman, The Fall of Chou Yang. The China Quarterly, No.27,1966, pp.132-133.
① Stephen Uhalley Jr, The Cultural Revolution and the Attack on the "Three Family Village", The China Quarterly, No.27,1966, pp.160-161.
② Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.113-204.
① Chalmers A. Johnson, Communist Policies Toward the Intellectual Class. Westport,Conn.:Greenwood Pr., 1973, p.101.
① Lu. Alexander Ya-li. Political Control of Literature in Communist China,1949-1966. Indiana,1972, p.221.
① Ibid.,42-207.
② Ibid.,211-214.
① Joey Bonner, Yu P'ing-po and the Literary Dimension of the Controversy over Hung lou meng, The China Quarterly, No.67,1976, pp.548-580.
① Lu. Alexander Ya-li. Political Control of Literature in Communist China,1949-1966. Indiana,1972, pp.55-57.
① Merle Goldman, Party Policies Toward the Intellectuals:the Unique Blooming and Contending of 1961-1962. In: Party Leaderships and Revolutionary Power in China. Cambridge University Press,1979, pp.268-285.
② Ibid.,286-300.
① Nieh Hua-Ling, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics, New York:Columbia University Press,1981, pp. xiii-xlv.
② Nieh Hua-Ling, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period. Vol.1 Critism and Polemics, New York:Columbia University Press,1981, pp. xiii-xxxvii.
① Ibid.,3-10.
② Nieh Hua-Ling, Literature of the Hundred Flowers Period.vol.2 Poetry and Fiction. New York:Columbia University Press,1981, pp.3-13.
① Chin Luke Kai-hsin. The Politics of Drama Reform in China after 1949. New York University,1980, pp.5-103.
② Ibid.,111-191.
① Timothy Cheek, Deng Tuo:a Chinese Leninist Approach to Journalism. In:Carol Lee Hamin and Timothy Cheek, China's Establishment Intellectuals, Armonk (New York) and London:M.E. Sharpe.1986, pp.95-115.
① Bonnie S. McDougall, Writers and Performers, Their Works, and Their Audiences in the First Three Decades. In:Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley: University of California Press,1984, pp.272-278.
① Vincent Y. C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.92-107.
② Vincent Y.C. Shih, Mao Tun:The Critic (Part Ⅰ). The China Quarterly, No.19,1964, p.85.
③ Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China.Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, p.248.
④ Vincent Y.C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.110.
⑤ Ibid.,92-100.
① Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, p.174.
② Ibid.,248-249.
③ Ibid.,271.
④ Vincent Y.C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.111-112.
⑤ Merle Goldman, Literary Dissent in Communist China. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1967, pp.
256-258.
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.39-51.
② Cyril Birch, Lao She:The Humorist in His Humor. The China Quarterly, No.8,1961, pp.58-59.
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13,
1963, p.52.
② Cyril Birch, Lao She:The Humorist in His Humor. The China Quarterly, No.8,1961, p.57.
③ Michael Gotz, The Development of Modern Chinese Literature Studies in the West:A Critical View. Modern China, Vol.2, No.3,1976, pp.400-407.
④ Vincent Y. C. Shih, Enthusiast and Escapist:Writers of the Older Generation. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.92.
⑤[法]齐格蒙·鲍曼著,洪涛译：《立法者与阐释者——论现代性、后现代性与知识分子》,上海人民出版社2000年版,第1页。
① Hu, John Yaw-herng, Ts'ao Yu:Playwright of Discontent and Disillusionment. Indiana,1969, pp.viii-23.
② Ibid.,195-239.
① Ibid.,200-215.
② Ibid.,239-240.
③ Cheung Dominic C. N. Feng Chih:a Study of the Ascent and Decline of His Lyricism. (1920-1959). Washington, 1974, pp.29-51.
① Ibid.,191-213.
② Ibid.,212.
③洪子城：《中国当代文学史》,北京大学出版社1999年版,第29页。
①[美]R.麦克法夸尔,费正清编：《剑桥中华人民共和国史：中国革命内部的革命(1966-1982)》,第781-782页。
②同上,第782页。
①同上,第782页。
②同上,第783页。
③同上,第783-784页。
① W. J. F. Jenner, Is a Modern Chinese Literature Possible? In:Essays in Modern Literature and Literature Criticism.1982, pp.202-205.
② Bonnie S. McDougall, Writers and Performers, Their Works, and Their Audiences in the First Three Decades. In:Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley: University of California Press,1984, pp.270-272.
①李君如：《国外毛泽东研究的若干问题》,萧延中主编：《国外学者评毛泽东·前言》(第1卷),中国工人出版社1997年版,第36页。
① Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, p.19.
② Stuart R. Schram, Mao Tse-tung as a Charismatic Leader. Asian Survey, No.6,1967, p.384.
③ Howard L. Boorman. The Literary World of Mao Tse-tune. The China Ouarterlv. No.13.1963. pp.18-24.
④ Ibid.,16-33.
① C. T. Hsia, Reviews for "The Communist Program for Literature and Art in China, Fiction in Communist China 1949-1953". The Far Eastern Quarterly, vol.15, No.4.1956, p.590.
② C. T.Hsia, Reviews for "Literary Doctrine in China and Soviet Influence,1956-1960". The Journal of Asian Studies, vol.25, No.4.1966, p.749.
③ Howard L. Boorman, The Literary World of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.37-38.
④ Stuart R. Scharm, Mao as a Poet. Problems of Communism. Vol. XIII, No,5.1964, pp.38-43.
① Yong-Sang Ng, The Poetry of Mao Tse-tung. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.65-73.
②本论文完成于1968年,尽管时间上属于1960年代,但却更接近1970年代美英学术界研究中国“十七年文学”的整体倾向,因此,将其置于本阶段。下文戈茨《当代小说中的工人形象》同此。
③ Yang, Daniel Shih-p'eng. TheTraditional Theatre of China in Its Contemporary Setting:An Examination of the Patterns of Change within the Peking Theater since 1949. Wisconsin,1968, p.4.
④ Wilkinson, Joseph N. The Plays and Playwrights of the Chinese Communist Theatre. Michigan,1970, pp.4-65.
① Tai Yih-jian. The Contemporary Chinese Theatre and Soviet Influence,1919-1960. Southern Illinois,1974, p.91.
② Lu. Alexander Ya-li. Political Control of Lliterature in Communist China,1949-1966.Indiana,1972, p.132.
① Merle Goldman, The Role of History in Party Struggle,1962-4. The China Quarterly, No.51,1972, p.515-516.
② Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po,The Poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York,Harper & Row,1972, pp.18-24.
③聂华苓、保罗·安格尔：《革命的领袖,浪漫的诗人》,万成译,《外国学者评毛泽东》(第3卷),中国工人出版社1997年版,420-427页。
① Translation, introd. Notes. Willis Barnstonein collaboration with Ko Ching-po,The Poems of Mao Tse-tung. New York, Harper & Row,1972, pp.3-25.
②聂华苓、保罗·安格尔：《革命的领袖,浪漫的诗人》,万成译,《外国学者评毛泽东》(第3卷),中国工人出版社1997年版,第420-427页。
③参考乐蜀：《聂华苓：把毛泽东诗词译介给全世界》,《南方人物周刊》2007年14期。
④[美]R.麦克法夸尔,费正清编：《剑桥中华人民共和国史(1966-1982)》,俞金尧等译,中国社会科学出版社1992年版,第780页。
① Gotz, Michael Louis, Images of the Worker in Contemporary Chinese Fiction, (1949-1964). Califonia,1977, p.12.
② Bonnie S. McDougall, Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley:University of California Press,1984, pp.288-290.
③ Chin Luke Kai-hsin. The Politics of Drama Reform in China after 1949. New York University,1980, pp.72-99.
①[美]哈里森·索尔兹伯里：《长征：前所未闻的故事》,过家鼎等译,解放军出版社1986年版,第378-396页。
②[美]罗斯·特里尔：《毛泽东传》,刘路新等译,河北人民出版社1990年版,第305-384页。
① Albert Borowitz,Fiction in Communist China 1949-1953.Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1954,p.1.
② Ibid.,19-97.
③ Ibid.,75-97.
① C.W. Shih, Co-operatives and Communes in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.195-203.
① Ibid.,207-208.
② C. T. Hsia, Residual Femininity:Women in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.158-159.
① Ibid.,161-173.
② Ibid.,174-179.
① Richard F. S. Yang, Industrial Workers in Chinese Communist Fiction. The China Quarterly, No.13,1963, pp.214-225.
② C. T. Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,1917-1957. New Haven:Yale University Press,1961, pp.475-479.
③ Li Chi, Communist War Stories, The China Quarterly. No.13,1963, p.154.
④ S. H. Chen, Multiplicity in Uniformity:Poetry and the Great Leap Forward. The China Quarterly, No.3,1960, pp.1-6.
① Joe. C. Huang, Heroes and villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life. New York:PICA Press,1973, pp.ix-xi.
① Ibid.,xiv
② Ibid.,2-49.
① Ibid.,55-108.
② Ibid.,116-137.
③ Ibid.,152-180.
① Ibid.,218-236.
② Ibid.,239-279.
①Lu.Alexander Ya-li.Political Control of Literature in Communist China,1949-1966.Indiana,1972, pp.244-256.
② Ibid.,239-279.
③ Ibid.,239-279.
① Tsai Mei-hsi. The Construction of Positive Types in Contemporary Chinese Fiction. California,1975, p.251.
② Yang, Daniel Shih-p'eng, The Traditional Theatre of China in Its Contemporary Setting:an Examination of the Patterns of Change within the Peking Theater since 1949, Wisconsin,1968, pp.1-82.
③ Wilkinson, Joseph N, The Plays and Playwrights of the Chinese Communist Theatre. Michigan,1970, pp.4-7
① Ibid.,pp.242-254.
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Literature of the People's Republic of China, Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1980, pp.1-8.
①樊一：《<剑桥中国史>第14卷评析研讨会综述》,《中共党史研究》1994年第6期。
②[美] R.麦克法夸尔,费正清编：《剑桥中华人民共和国史：中国革命内部的革命(1966-1982)》,第788-800页。
①同上,第801-829页。
①[美]马若芬：《意在故事构成之中：赵树理的明描隐示》,出自中国赵树理研究会编：《赵树理研究文集(下)：外国学者论赵树理》,中国文联出版公司1998年版,第36-40页。
②[英]约翰·伯耶：《三里湾与<花好月圆>之比较》,出自中国赵树理研究会编：《赵树理研究文集(下)：外国学者论赵树理》,中国文联出版公司1998年版版,第279-299页。
① W. J. F. Jenner, Is a Modern Chinese Literature Possible? In:Kubin, W. and R. Wagner, eds. Essays in Modern Chinese Literature and Literary Criticism. Bochum:Brockmeyer,1982, pp.194-213.
① Ibid.,208-224.
② Gotz,Michael Louis,Images of the Worker in Contemporary Chinese Fiction,(1949-1964).Califonia,1977, p.5.
③ Ibid.,24-30.
① Ibid.,298-299.
② Ibid.,182-300.
① Ed. by Kai-yu Hsu, Literature of the People's Republic of China, Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1980, p.619.
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963,pp.41-58.
① Ibid.45-46.
② Ibid.46-50.
③ Ibid.52-53.
① Ibid.46-59.
② S.H.Chen,Multiplicity Uniformity:Poetry and the Great Leap Forward.The China Quarterly No.3,1960, p.9.
③ Ibid.,5-13.
① Li Chi, Communist War Stories, The China Quarterly. No.13,1963, pp.155-157.
① Cyril Birch, Chinese Communist Literature:The Persistence of Traditional Forms. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, p.78.
① Tsai Mei-hsi. The Construction of Positive Types in Contemporary Chinese Fiction. California,1975, p.251.
① Ibid.,52-60.
② Ibid.,62-257.
① Ibid.,258.
② Joe.C.Huang,Heroes and villains in Communist China:the Contemporary Chinese Novel as a Reflection of Life.New York:PlCA Press,1973,pp.8-9.
③ Ibid.,26-39.
④ Ibid.,140-141.
① Ibid.,75-232.
② Wilkinson, Joseph N, The Plays and Playwrights of the Chinese Communist Theatre. Michigan,1970, pp.104-208.
①[美]马若芬：《意在故事构成之中：赵树理的明描隐示》,出自中国赵树理研究会编：《赵树理研究文集(下)：外国学者论赵树理》,中国文联出版公司1998年版,第43-45页。
① Theodore Huters ed, Reading the Modern Chinese Short Story. Armonk:Sharpe,1990, Preface-4.
② Ibid.,93-97.
③ Ibid.,97-98.
① Ibid.,100-101.
② Ibid.,103.
① Bonnie S. McDougall ed, Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley:University of California Press, pp.250-261.
① Gotz, Michael Louis, Images of the Worker in Contemporary Chinese Fiction, (1949-1964). Califonia,1977, pp.62-317.
② Ibid..210-242.
③ Bonnie S. McDougall ed, Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China 1949-1979. Berkeley:University of California Press, pp.214-220.
①[美]迈克尔·戈茨：《西方对中国现代文学研究的发展》,尹慧珉译,《中国现代文学研究丛刊》1983年第1期。
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.41.
① Dorothy Blair Shimer, The Mentor Book of Modern Asian Literature from the Khyber Pass to Fuji, New York: New American Library,1969, p.20.
①陈跃红：《汉学家的文化血统》,出自张西平编：《他乡有夫子》,外语教学与研究出版社2005年版,第104页。
②洪子城：《中国当代文学史》,北京大学出版社1999年版,第25页。
③丁景唐主编：《中国新文学大系(1949-1976)》第19集,上海文艺出版社1997年版,第696页。
① S. H. Chen, Metaphor and the Conscious in Chinese Poetry under Communism. The China Quarterly, No.13, 1963, pp.41-58.
② Cyril Birch, Chinese Communist Literature:The Persistence of Traditional Forms. The China Quarterly,No.13, 1963, p.84.
①[美]王德威著：《海外中国现代文学研究的历史、现状与未来》,《当代作家评论》2006年第4期。