基于matlab的数字显微全息像的再现
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摘要
数字全息技术因为采用光电转换设备代替化学感光记录介质并使用计算机模拟再现全息像而具备了传统光学全息技术没有的多方面优势,这使其受到了广泛的关注,数字全息显微技术就是由其发展而来的新型显微技术。本文首先对数字全息技术的记录和再现的基本原理、数值重建算法、频谱滤波方法,数字全息图的记录条件、再现光场的分离条件等基本问题进行了分析讨论,然后开展了以下研究工作:
1.结合经典透射式平面参考光波记录光路系统设计了模拟全息再现程序的基本参数:光源波长为633nm,参考光波为平面参考光波,其入射偏置度为0.03,记录距离为35mm,选择CCD作为记录介质。
2.模拟待测物体矩形相位光栅,光栅参数设计与CCD参数相同,大小为1024×1024像素,每个像素单元的尺寸为4. 65μm×4.65μm,光栅周期为8个像素。
3.以菲涅尔近似算法为基础编译了模拟再现全息像的程序并对程序的正确性进行了测试,程序首先模拟记录光栅的全息图,然后再进行数值再现,再现结果基本达到预期目标。
4.针对再现误差进行了讨论,提出了误差来源于再现算法的假设,然后对假设进行了验证,分别模拟了两个周期为16像素和32像素的光栅并对它们进行全息记录和再现,将三次再现结果进行对比最终得出结论,待测物体的微观尺度越大再现精度越高。
5.验证了再现距离对再现像精度影响的绝对性,只有当再现距离等于记录距离时才能得到最佳的再现像。
Digital holography has adopted the photovoltaic conversion equipment in place of chemical sensitive record medium and used computer to simulate reconstructive image, and consequently has various advantages than traditional optical holography. That it was wide concerned. Digital holographic microscopy, a new microscopy, was developed from the digital holography. The paper firstly analyses and discusses the principle of recording and reconstruction of the digital holography, numerical reconstruction algorithm, frequency filtering method, the recording method of digital hologram, the separate conditions of reconstructive amplitude. Then takes the following research:
1. Based on classic holographic microscope for transmission imaging and planar reference light designed the basic parameters of the holographic reconstructive of program: the wavelengths of the lamp-house is 633nm, the reference light is planar reference light and its bias degree is 0.03, the record distance is 35mm, choose CCD to be record medium.
2. Simulate rectangle phase grating as detection objects, and the grating parameters is the same as CCD’s. The size of the grating is 1024×1024 pixels, and the size of each pixel unit is 4. 65μm×4.65μm. The cycle of the grating is 8 pixels.
3. Based on the Fresnel approximation algorithm compiled program to reconstruct holographic image and test the correctness of the program. Firstly the program simulate record the hologram of the grating, then numerical reconstruct holographic image. The result of reconstruction fundamental to achieve the expected target.
4. Discusses the error of the reconstruction, and make a hypothesis that the error comes from the algorithm and validate the hypothesis. Respectively simulate two grating that cycles are 16 pixels and 32 pixels, and record hologram and reconstruct holographic image with them. Contrast the thrice results and final conclusion, for detection object the big microcosmic configuration the high reconstructive precision.
5. Validate the absoluteness which record distance affects reconstructive precision. Only when the record distance equal to reconstruct distance can get the best result.
1.结合经典透射式平面参考光波记录光路系统设计了模拟全息再现程序的基本参数:光源波长为633nm,参考光波为平面参考光波,其入射偏置度为0.03,记录距离为35mm,选择CCD作为记录介质。
2.模拟待测物体矩形相位光栅,光栅参数设计与CCD参数相同,大小为1024×1024像素,每个像素单元的尺寸为4. 65μm×4.65μm,光栅周期为8个像素。
3.以菲涅尔近似算法为基础编译了模拟再现全息像的程序并对程序的正确性进行了测试,程序首先模拟记录光栅的全息图,然后再进行数值再现,再现结果基本达到预期目标。
4.针对再现误差进行了讨论,提出了误差来源于再现算法的假设,然后对假设进行了验证,分别模拟了两个周期为16像素和32像素的光栅并对它们进行全息记录和再现,将三次再现结果进行对比最终得出结论,待测物体的微观尺度越大再现精度越高。
5.验证了再现距离对再现像精度影响的绝对性,只有当再现距离等于记录距离时才能得到最佳的再现像。
Digital holography has adopted the photovoltaic conversion equipment in place of chemical sensitive record medium and used computer to simulate reconstructive image, and consequently has various advantages than traditional optical holography. That it was wide concerned. Digital holographic microscopy, a new microscopy, was developed from the digital holography. The paper firstly analyses and discusses the principle of recording and reconstruction of the digital holography, numerical reconstruction algorithm, frequency filtering method, the recording method of digital hologram, the separate conditions of reconstructive amplitude. Then takes the following research:
1. Based on classic holographic microscope for transmission imaging and planar reference light designed the basic parameters of the holographic reconstructive of program: the wavelengths of the lamp-house is 633nm, the reference light is planar reference light and its bias degree is 0.03, the record distance is 35mm, choose CCD to be record medium.
2. Simulate rectangle phase grating as detection objects, and the grating parameters is the same as CCD’s. The size of the grating is 1024×1024 pixels, and the size of each pixel unit is 4. 65μm×4.65μm. The cycle of the grating is 8 pixels.
3. Based on the Fresnel approximation algorithm compiled program to reconstruct holographic image and test the correctness of the program. Firstly the program simulate record the hologram of the grating, then numerical reconstruct holographic image. The result of reconstruction fundamental to achieve the expected target.
4. Discusses the error of the reconstruction, and make a hypothesis that the error comes from the algorithm and validate the hypothesis. Respectively simulate two grating that cycles are 16 pixels and 32 pixels, and record hologram and reconstruct holographic image with them. Contrast the thrice results and final conclusion, for detection object the big microcosmic configuration the high reconstructive precision.
5. Validate the absoluteness which record distance affects reconstructive precision. Only when the record distance equal to reconstruct distance can get the best result.
引文
[1]刘思敏,许京军,郭儒.相干光学原理与应用[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2001.
[2] D.Gabor.A new microscopic principle[J].Nature,1948,161:777-778.
[3] Emmett N.Leith,Juris Upatnieks.Reconstruction wavefront and communication theory [J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,1962,52(10):1123-130.
[4] J.W.Goodman,P.WLawrence.Digital image formulation from electronically detected holograms[J].Applied Physics Letters,1967,11(3):77-79.
[5]周文静,于瀛洁,陈明仪.数字全息显微测量技术的发展与最新应用[J].光学技术,2007,33(6)
[6] Tong Zhang,Ichirou Yamaguchi.3-D microscopy with phase-shifting digital holography[J].SPIE,1998,3479·0277-786X.
[7] Etienne Cuche , Pierre Marquet , Christian Depeursinge . Simultaneous amplitude-contrast and quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by numerical reconstruction of Fresnel off-axis holograms[J].APPLIED OPTICS,1999,38(34).
[8] Gang Pan,Hui Meng.Digital holography of particle fields:reconstruction by use of complex amplitude[J].APPLIED OPTICS,2003,42(5).
[9] Pierre Marquet,Etienne Cuche,Tristan Colomb,et a1.Digital holographic microscopy: a non invasive contrast imaging technique allowing quantitative visualization of living cells with subwavelength axial accuracy[J] . OPTICS LETTERS,2005,30(5).
[10] Christopher J Mann,Ling Feng,Myung K Kim.Movies of cellular and sub-cellular motion by digital holographic microscopy[Z].BioMedical Engineering OnLine.2006,5:21.
[11] B.P.Thomas,K.V.Rajendran,S.A.Pillai.Wholefield NDT of Porous Materials Using Digital Holography[J].Non-Destructive Evaluation,2006,12.
[12] F.Monroy,J.Garcia-Sucerquia.Reconstruction Of Digital Holograms Of Large Objects By Convolution Algorithm[J] . Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas.2008,6(2).
[13] Lihong Ma,Hui Wang,Yong Li.Hong zhen Jin.Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms for three-dimensional shape measurement[J] . PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS.2004(6):396-400.
[14]曲伟娟,刘德安,职亚楠,栾竹,刘立人.利用数字全息干涉术观察RuO2 : LiNbO3晶体中畴反转的区域特性[J].物理学报,2006,55(08).
[15]魏涛,朱建华,陈立功,宋佼,杜惊雷.基于DMD的数字全息显示及其再现像质增强[J].光子学报,2008,37(5).
[16]刘长庚,王大勇,张亦卓,赵洁,万玉红,江竹青.数字全息成像中基于导数的自动对焦算法[J].中国激光,2009,36(01).
[17]王华英,王广俊,王大勇,苏清磊,张奇峰.数字全息显微中的自动聚焦[J].光电子·激光,2010,21(8).
[18]巩琼,秦怡.LED光源数字全息技术研究[J].应用光学,2010,31(2).
[19]沈亚强,万旭,彭保进,金洪震.基于数字全息显微术的光纤连接器端面形貌检测技术[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(1).
[20]曹汉强,朱光喜,朱耀庭.基于分形超纹理模型的数字全息图像生成方法[J].中国激光,1998,25(10).
[21]魏润杰,申功炘，丁汉泉．数字全息罻油枷癫馑偌际跹芯縖J].北京航空航天大学学报,2004,30(5).
[22]冯伟,李恩普,范琦,张琳,赵建林.数字全息干涉术用于微波等离子体推进器羽流场的研究[J].光子学报,2005,34(12).
[23]钟杰,叶雁,钱伟新,罗振雄,翁继东.脉冲激光数字全息技术测量微形变[J].高能量密度物理,2008,1.
[24]胡翠英,钟金钢,高应俊,胡雅婷.基于显微数字全息的生物薄膜折射率的测量[J].光电子·激光,2010,21(1).
[25]钱晓凡,张磊,董可平.基于相移技术的显微数字全息重构细胞相位[J].光子学报,2006,35(10).
[26]吕且妮,葛宝臻,高岩,张以谟.乙醇喷雾场粒子尺寸和速度的数字全息测量[J].光子学报,2010,39(2).
[27]吴学成,浦兴国,浦世亮,袁镇福,岑可法.激光数字全息应用于两相流颗粒粒径测量[J].化工学报,2009,60(2).
[28]倪萍.数字全息显微测量技术研究[D][硕士学位论文].上海:上海大学精密仪器及机械,2008.
[29]李海燕,张琢,浦昭邦,葛文涛.共焦显微扫描探测技术的发展[J].光学技术,2008,34(1).
[30]王晓东,常城,宋洪侠.用于微观几何形状测量的扫描探针显微技术[J].传感器技术,2003,22(9).
[31]周疆明,程路明,贾宏涛.显微镜技术研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(S1):53-56.
[32]吕乃光.傅里叶光学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.3.
[33] Richard Patrick Muffoletto.Numerical techniques for Fresnel diffraction in computational holography[D][the degree of Doctor of Philosophy].Louisiana:The Department of Computer Science of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College,2006.
[34]马利红.数字全息图再现像的三维重构[D][硕士学位论文].金华:浙江师范大学光学,2005.
[35]高本利.数字全息显微技术研究[D][硕士学位论文].苏州:苏州大学光学,2009.
[36]周文静.数字显微全息关键技术研究[D][博士学位论文].上海:上海大学机械电子工程,2007.
[37]王华英.数字全息显微成像的理论和实验研究[D][博士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学光学,2008.
[38]李世扬.数字全息术在微结构测量中的应用研[D][硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学光学工程,2005.
[39]葛宝臻,崔鹏,吕且妮,魏耀林.基于离散余弦变换最小二乘法实现数字全息再现像的相位解包裹[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(6).
[2] D.Gabor.A new microscopic principle[J].Nature,1948,161:777-778.
[3] Emmett N.Leith,Juris Upatnieks.Reconstruction wavefront and communication theory [J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,1962,52(10):1123-130.
[4] J.W.Goodman,P.WLawrence.Digital image formulation from electronically detected holograms[J].Applied Physics Letters,1967,11(3):77-79.
[5]周文静,于瀛洁,陈明仪.数字全息显微测量技术的发展与最新应用[J].光学技术,2007,33(6)
[6] Tong Zhang,Ichirou Yamaguchi.3-D microscopy with phase-shifting digital holography[J].SPIE,1998,3479·0277-786X.
[7] Etienne Cuche , Pierre Marquet , Christian Depeursinge . Simultaneous amplitude-contrast and quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by numerical reconstruction of Fresnel off-axis holograms[J].APPLIED OPTICS,1999,38(34).
[8] Gang Pan,Hui Meng.Digital holography of particle fields:reconstruction by use of complex amplitude[J].APPLIED OPTICS,2003,42(5).
[9] Pierre Marquet,Etienne Cuche,Tristan Colomb,et a1.Digital holographic microscopy: a non invasive contrast imaging technique allowing quantitative visualization of living cells with subwavelength axial accuracy[J] . OPTICS LETTERS,2005,30(5).
[10] Christopher J Mann,Ling Feng,Myung K Kim.Movies of cellular and sub-cellular motion by digital holographic microscopy[Z].BioMedical Engineering OnLine.2006,5:21.
[11] B.P.Thomas,K.V.Rajendran,S.A.Pillai.Wholefield NDT of Porous Materials Using Digital Holography[J].Non-Destructive Evaluation,2006,12.
[12] F.Monroy,J.Garcia-Sucerquia.Reconstruction Of Digital Holograms Of Large Objects By Convolution Algorithm[J] . Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas.2008,6(2).
[13] Lihong Ma,Hui Wang,Yong Li.Hong zhen Jin.Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms for three-dimensional shape measurement[J] . PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS.2004(6):396-400.
[14]曲伟娟,刘德安,职亚楠,栾竹,刘立人.利用数字全息干涉术观察RuO2 : LiNbO3晶体中畴反转的区域特性[J].物理学报,2006,55(08).
[15]魏涛,朱建华,陈立功,宋佼,杜惊雷.基于DMD的数字全息显示及其再现像质增强[J].光子学报,2008,37(5).
[16]刘长庚,王大勇,张亦卓,赵洁,万玉红,江竹青.数字全息成像中基于导数的自动对焦算法[J].中国激光,2009,36(01).
[17]王华英,王广俊,王大勇,苏清磊,张奇峰.数字全息显微中的自动聚焦[J].光电子·激光,2010,21(8).
[18]巩琼,秦怡.LED光源数字全息技术研究[J].应用光学,2010,31(2).
[19]沈亚强,万旭,彭保进,金洪震.基于数字全息显微术的光纤连接器端面形貌检测技术[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(1).
[20]曹汉强,朱光喜,朱耀庭.基于分形超纹理模型的数字全息图像生成方法[J].中国激光,1998,25(10).
[21]魏润杰,申功炘，丁汉泉．数字全息罻油枷癫馑偌际跹芯縖J].北京航空航天大学学报,2004,30(5).
[22]冯伟,李恩普,范琦,张琳,赵建林.数字全息干涉术用于微波等离子体推进器羽流场的研究[J].光子学报,2005,34(12).
[23]钟杰,叶雁,钱伟新,罗振雄,翁继东.脉冲激光数字全息技术测量微形变[J].高能量密度物理,2008,1.
[24]胡翠英,钟金钢,高应俊,胡雅婷.基于显微数字全息的生物薄膜折射率的测量[J].光电子·激光,2010,21(1).
[25]钱晓凡,张磊,董可平.基于相移技术的显微数字全息重构细胞相位[J].光子学报,2006,35(10).
[26]吕且妮,葛宝臻,高岩,张以谟.乙醇喷雾场粒子尺寸和速度的数字全息测量[J].光子学报,2010,39(2).
[27]吴学成,浦兴国,浦世亮,袁镇福,岑可法.激光数字全息应用于两相流颗粒粒径测量[J].化工学报,2009,60(2).
[28]倪萍.数字全息显微测量技术研究[D][硕士学位论文].上海:上海大学精密仪器及机械,2008.
[29]李海燕,张琢,浦昭邦,葛文涛.共焦显微扫描探测技术的发展[J].光学技术,2008,34(1).
[30]王晓东,常城,宋洪侠.用于微观几何形状测量的扫描探针显微技术[J].传感器技术,2003,22(9).
[31]周疆明,程路明,贾宏涛.显微镜技术研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(S1):53-56.
[32]吕乃光.傅里叶光学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.3.
[33] Richard Patrick Muffoletto.Numerical techniques for Fresnel diffraction in computational holography[D][the degree of Doctor of Philosophy].Louisiana:The Department of Computer Science of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College,2006.
[34]马利红.数字全息图再现像的三维重构[D][硕士学位论文].金华:浙江师范大学光学,2005.
[35]高本利.数字全息显微技术研究[D][硕士学位论文].苏州:苏州大学光学,2009.
[36]周文静.数字显微全息关键技术研究[D][博士学位论文].上海:上海大学机械电子工程,2007.
[37]王华英.数字全息显微成像的理论和实验研究[D][博士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学光学,2008.
[38]李世扬.数字全息术在微结构测量中的应用研[D][硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学光学工程,2005.
[39]葛宝臻,崔鹏,吕且妮,魏耀林.基于离散余弦变换最小二乘法实现数字全息再现像的相位解包裹[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(6).