基于三级恒温沼气生产的热电联供系统性能分析
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摘要
随着国际化石能源的日益枯竭,节能减排、保护环境的呼声日益高涨,国际社会普遍开始重视生物质能,各国纷纷采取有效措施鼓励生物质能产业的发展,生物质能的有效开发和利用已成为国际能源领域投资发展的焦点之一。生物质沼气热电联供可给用户提供电力、采暖(卫生热水)和制冷,将一次能源“梯级利用”和“吃光用尽”,因此可以大幅度的提高能源利用率。这些分布式能源系统可以就近建设,省却了大规模线路建设,减小了输配电损失。因此,生物质沼气发电工程得到了各国政府的大力支持。
基于“温度对口,能量梯级利用”的原则,本文设计了新型的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统,其中包括三级恒温沼气生产子系统、沼气净化子系统、内燃机发电机组子系统、双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组子系统和内燃机发电机组余热利用子系统。从热力学第一定律和第二定律两个层面初步揭示了新系统中的能量转换过程,并分析研究了新系统的总体性能,获得如下结论：
1分析结果表明,新系统具有优良的热力特性。新系统能量利用率达到85.67%,系统火用效率为47.39%,均已达到较高的性能指标。
2在新型的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统中,遵循了能的梯级利用原理,难以利用的低品位废热的再利用,内燃机发电机组余热为生物质的高效厌氧发酵提供稳定的运行环境。
3生物质能利用转化有多种,本文基于层次分析法建立了生物质能利用技术的集总加权评价模型,对本系统进行了评价。通过对本系统采用动态经济性分析方法得出本装置的财务净现值NPV(i=10％)为82.3万元,内部收益率FIRR为28.9%,益本比为2.5,投资回收期为2.8年。结果表明本系统的推广具有良好的财务和国民经济效益,具有很好的发展前景。
在文章的最后一部分,笔者展望了三级恒温沼气热电联供系统的未来,并提出五点可行性建议,希望这些建议能够被该领域学者以及政府相关部门参考并采纳,从而促进我国沼气发电事业快速发展,以及系统相关技术达到国际先进水平。另外,本课题设计出的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统对沼气热电联供系统的发展有一定的借鉴作用。
With the fluctuations in international oil prices, energy-saving emission reduction,environmental protection, increasing the voice of the international community in general is beginning to take biogas, countries have to take effective measures to encourage the development of biogas energy industry, biogas energy development and the effective International Energy use is increasingly becoming the focus of investment in the development of the field. However, biogas power generation of cool,heat and electricity can save the energy extremely by synthesis providing these energies to user. The advantage of small cogeneration is fossil fuel can be used in grades and be used up.The benefit of small generation comes from invest saving of electricity line construction and declining the loss of electricity transport as they can be constructed near the user. Therefore,biogas power generation gets a lot of countries support strongly.
An energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas is establishing depending on a principle of "parallel temperature and gradient energy utilization",disclosuring energy transformation.The research contents and achievements as follow:
1 Energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas has high thermodynamic property.The system has high efficiency of energy and exergy utilization.The energy utilization efficiency is 85.67%,and exergy utilization efficiency is 47.39%,the new system not only had high energy utilization efficiency, but also had improved the exergy utilization efficiency. So, on this point of view, the system of basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas is feasible.
2 The new Energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas,exhaust-heat of internal combustion engine generator set offer a steady environment for the biomass anaerobic digestion efficient,which making the low grade,unsteady bioenergy transit to the high grade methane chemical energy successfully. From the energy-utilization's point of view, it shows the Integrated Cascaded Utilization of Chemical and Physical Energy Principle sufficiently.
3 Using the method of dynamic economic to appraise the entire system.The results showed that the net present value is 823 million yuan,the financial internal ratio of return is 28.9%,the benefit-cost ratio is 2.5,the time of capital return is 2.8 year.The promotion of this set of devices can generate good value for money and national economicbenefit,with good good prospect of application and extension.
In the last section, we make the expectation of the development of the energy supply by three classes constant temperature biogas systems,and put forward five feasible advices for other scholars in this area and lawmakers.To keep pace with the developed countries,we should accelerate development of the energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas industry and relevant equipments to make our country enter into the biogas power generation system era as soon as possible.On the other hand,the energy system supply basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas has the effect of the biogas power generation system era.
基于“温度对口,能量梯级利用”的原则,本文设计了新型的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统,其中包括三级恒温沼气生产子系统、沼气净化子系统、内燃机发电机组子系统、双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组子系统和内燃机发电机组余热利用子系统。从热力学第一定律和第二定律两个层面初步揭示了新系统中的能量转换过程,并分析研究了新系统的总体性能,获得如下结论：
1分析结果表明,新系统具有优良的热力特性。新系统能量利用率达到85.67%,系统火用效率为47.39%,均已达到较高的性能指标。
2在新型的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统中,遵循了能的梯级利用原理,难以利用的低品位废热的再利用,内燃机发电机组余热为生物质的高效厌氧发酵提供稳定的运行环境。
3生物质能利用转化有多种,本文基于层次分析法建立了生物质能利用技术的集总加权评价模型,对本系统进行了评价。通过对本系统采用动态经济性分析方法得出本装置的财务净现值NPV(i=10％)为82.3万元,内部收益率FIRR为28.9%,益本比为2.5,投资回收期为2.8年。结果表明本系统的推广具有良好的财务和国民经济效益,具有很好的发展前景。
在文章的最后一部分,笔者展望了三级恒温沼气热电联供系统的未来,并提出五点可行性建议,希望这些建议能够被该领域学者以及政府相关部门参考并采纳,从而促进我国沼气发电事业快速发展,以及系统相关技术达到国际先进水平。另外,本课题设计出的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统对沼气热电联供系统的发展有一定的借鉴作用。
With the fluctuations in international oil prices, energy-saving emission reduction,environmental protection, increasing the voice of the international community in general is beginning to take biogas, countries have to take effective measures to encourage the development of biogas energy industry, biogas energy development and the effective International Energy use is increasingly becoming the focus of investment in the development of the field. However, biogas power generation of cool,heat and electricity can save the energy extremely by synthesis providing these energies to user. The advantage of small cogeneration is fossil fuel can be used in grades and be used up.The benefit of small generation comes from invest saving of electricity line construction and declining the loss of electricity transport as they can be constructed near the user. Therefore,biogas power generation gets a lot of countries support strongly.
An energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas is establishing depending on a principle of "parallel temperature and gradient energy utilization",disclosuring energy transformation.The research contents and achievements as follow:
1 Energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas has high thermodynamic property.The system has high efficiency of energy and exergy utilization.The energy utilization efficiency is 85.67%,and exergy utilization efficiency is 47.39%,the new system not only had high energy utilization efficiency, but also had improved the exergy utilization efficiency. So, on this point of view, the system of basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas is feasible.
2 The new Energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas,exhaust-heat of internal combustion engine generator set offer a steady environment for the biomass anaerobic digestion efficient,which making the low grade,unsteady bioenergy transit to the high grade methane chemical energy successfully. From the energy-utilization's point of view, it shows the Integrated Cascaded Utilization of Chemical and Physical Energy Principle sufficiently.
3 Using the method of dynamic economic to appraise the entire system.The results showed that the net present value is 823 million yuan,the financial internal ratio of return is 28.9%,the benefit-cost ratio is 2.5,the time of capital return is 2.8 year.The promotion of this set of devices can generate good value for money and national economicbenefit,with good good prospect of application and extension.
In the last section, we make the expectation of the development of the energy supply by three classes constant temperature biogas systems,and put forward five feasible advices for other scholars in this area and lawmakers.To keep pace with the developed countries,we should accelerate development of the energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas industry and relevant equipments to make our country enter into the biogas power generation system era as soon as possible.On the other hand,the energy system supply basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas has the effect of the biogas power generation system era.
引文
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[2]刘冬生,孙友宏,庄迎春.增强地源热泵竖直埋管地下换热器换热性能的研究[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2004,34(04)：648-652.
[3]Liu D,Sun Y,Gao K,etal.Research on Ground Heat Exchanger of Ground Source Heat Pump Technique[C].196-199.
[4]刘冬生,孙友宏.浅层地能利用新技术一地源热泵技术[J].岩土工程技术,2003,(1)：57-59.
[5]刘冬生,庄迎春,肖西卫.竖直U型埋管地源热泵技术的应用[J].能源工程,2003,(1)：4-6.
[6]刘冬生,孙友宏.竖直埋管地源热泵技术[J].世界地质,2002,21(4)：406-410.
[7]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.中国的能源状况与政策[J].中国政府白皮书,2007.
[8]孙孝政,夏吉庆,田晓峰.厌氧发酵技术工厂化生产沼气的现状及展望[J].东北农业大学学报,2005,(1)：12-14.
[9]Montserrat Zamorano,Jorge Ignacio Perez Perez,Ignacio Aguilar Paves,Angel Ramos Ridao.Study of the energy potential of the biogas produced by an urban waste landfill in Southern Spain [J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2007,11(5):909-922.
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