大学生一般自我效能感及其与应对方式、心理健康关系的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
一般自我效能感是个体对自己应对不同环境的需求或面临新环境时的一种总体性的自信心。它是一种概括化的自我效能信念,能在较为广泛的情境中对个体的行为进行预测,会影响个体的心理健康。目前对一般自我效能感的研究甚少,大部分研究都集中在特殊领域。鉴于此,本研究立足于大学生的一般自我效能感,考察它与应对方式、心理健康的关系,不仅有助于丰富一般自我效能感的理论研究,同时对增进大学生的心理健康具有重要的实践意义。
     本文在对一般自我效能感的概念、测评工具及研究现状进行述评的基础上,根据我国的文化背景对国外的一般自我效能感量表进行了修订,并以此为工具初步测查了大学生一般自我效能感的基本状况,深入探讨了大学生一般自我效能感与应对方式、心理健康的关系。主要研究结果如下:
     1 修订的大学生一般自我效能感量表具有单维度结构,具有良好的信度和效度。
     2 大学生一般自我效能感的整体水平较高,但仍有一定比例的学生一般自我效能感水平较低。大学生一般自我效能感存在显著的性别差异,男生一般自我效能感水平显著高于女生。
     3 大学生一般自我效能感与应对方式关系密切,与解决问题、求助应对方式显著正相关,与自责、幻想和退避应对方式显著负相关;一般自我效能感对以上五种应对方式均具有一定的预测作用。
     4 大学生一般自我效能感与心理健康密切相关,与抑郁、焦虑和心理健康总体水平显著负相关,并对它们均有一定的预测作用。
     5 大学生一般自我效能感和应对方式对心理健康具有良好的预测作用。一般自我效能感主要是通过应对方式对心理健康间接产生影响的,应对方式也会通过一般自我效能感间接影响心理健康。
     最后依据研究结果,提出两点建议:1.提高大学生的一般自我效能感,增强自信。2.培养大学生积极的应对方式,妥善解决问题。
General self-efficacy refers to a global confidence in one's coping ability across a wide range of demanding or novel situations. As a generalized self-efficacy belief, it can predict individual activities under various situations and affect his mental health. So far, researches have concentrated more on some special fields than on general self-efficacy. Therefore a study on the relationship between general self-efficacy and coping styles as well as mental health of university students is not only helpful for enriching the theoretical study on general self-efficacy, but also of great practical significance in practice to improve university students' mental health.
    Based on the concept, assessment scales and the current research situations about general self-efficacy, the paper revises the General Self-Efficacy Scale of foreign country in the light of our culture, makes a primary investigation on Chinese university students' general self-efficacy, and explores the relationship between general self-efficacy and coping styles as well as mental health. The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows:
    1. The revised General Self-Efficacy Scale consists of one dimension and has good reliability and validity.
    2. The total level of university students' general self-efficacy is much higher, but some students' are lower than ones at average level. There exists some significant difference between different genders. Male students' general self-efficacy is higher than that of female students.
    3. General self-efficacy correlates with coping styles significantly. It relates positively to solving problem and seeking support, but negatively to self-accusation, fantasy and withdrawal. General self-efficacy can predict these five coping styles to a certain degree.
    4. General self-efficacy is significantly related to mental health. It is not only negatively correlated with depression, anxiety and the general level of mental health, but also can predict them.
    5. University students' general self-efficacy and coping styles play an important role in predicting their mental health. General self-efficacy has a main effect on mental health by coping styles, and coping styles can affect mental health by general self-efficacy.
    According to the results, two pieces of advice were proposed:
    1. Improving university students' general self-efficacy to enhance their self-confidence.
    2. Developing university students' active coping styles to handle problems well.
引文
1.答会明.大学生的自信、自尊、自我效能与学业、人际归因特点的关系研究.兰州学刊,2000,(6):63—64
    2.答会明.父母教养方式与孩子的自信、自尊、自我效能及心理健康水平的相关研究.中国健康教育,2002,18(8):483—486
    3.丁新华.大学生应付方式的研究.河南大学研究生硕士论文.2000
    4.方平,熊端琴,蔡红.结构方程在心理学研究中的应用.心理科学.2001,24(4):406—408
    5.冯永辉,周爱保.中学生生活事件、应对方式及焦虑的关系研究.心理发展与教育,2002,1:71—74
    6.姜乾金,黄丽,卢杭生.心理应激:应对的分类和身心健康.中国心理卫生杂志,1993.7(4):145-147
    7.姜勇.验证性因素分析及其在心理与教育研究中的应用.教育科学研究,1999,3:88—91
    8.高建江.班杜拉自我效能的形成与发展.心理科学,1992,6:39—44
    9.高申春.自我效能理论评述.心理发展与教育,2001,1:60-64
    10.何先友.小学生数学自我效能、自我概念与数学成绩关系的研究,1998,1:45—48
    11.李凌.两种取向的自我效能感评估概述.心理科学,2001,24(5):618-619
    12.李晓东,张炳松.自我效能、价值、课堂环境及学习成绩与学业求助的关系.心理学报,1999,31(4):435—442
    13.梁军林.518名高中生的应付方式与个性调查.中国临床心理学杂志,1999,7(4):238—239
    14.凌文辁,保险推销员(职业)自我效能感量表的建构.心理学报,2001,31(1):63—67
    15.刘卫春.初二学生应对方式、应对效能与心理适应的关系及其干预研究.东北师范大学硕士学位论文.2002
    16.刘岩.学生自我效能、心理控制源与应激的关系.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(1):36-38
    17.陆昌勤.管理自我效能感研究.中国科学院博士学位论文.2001
    18.龙君伟,徐勤美.Bandura的效能预期理论述评.心理科学,1999,22(4):346—349
    19.彭永新,龙立荣.高中生专业决策自我效能量表的初步编制.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(3):175—177
    20.钱铭怡,肖广兰.青少年心理健康水平、自我效能、自尊与父母教养方式的相关研究.心理科学,1998,21(5):553-555
    21.钱铭怡.抑郁者目标水平与自我评价的研究.北京大学博士学位论文.1995
    22.王才康.自我效能感、应付方式和犯罪青少年抑郁的相关研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2002,10(1):36-37
    
    
    23.王才康.中学生一般自我效能感的发展特点研究.中国行为医学科学,2002,11(2):214-215
    24.王才康.中学生一般自我效能感与应付方式的关系研究.中国行为医学科学,2002,11(4):70-71
    25.王才康.父母养育方式和中学生自我效能感、情绪智力的关系研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2002,16(11):781-782
    26.王才康,胡中锋,刘勇.一般自我效能感量表的信度和效度研究.应用心理学,2001,7(1):37-40
    27.王才康,刘勇.一般自我效能感与特质焦虑、状态焦虑和考试焦虑的相关研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2000,8(4):229-230
    28.王才康,杨宁.幼儿教师自我效能感与焦虑水平研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2001,9(4):295-296
    29.王德华.班杜拉的自我效能理论述评.湖北师范学院学报(哲社版).1992,5:98—101
    30.王凤葵.中学生数学兴趣、在自我效能与数学焦虑的相关研究.陕西师范大学硕士研究生论文.2002
    31.王黎.中国青少年依恋与应对策略关系的研究.中国科学院研究生硕士论文.2002
    32.温盛霖,韩自力等.影响心理应付方式的因素分析.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):158—159
    33.肖计划,许秀峰,李晶.青少年学生的应付方式与精神健康水平的相关研究.中国临床心理学杂志,1996,4(1):53-55
    34.肖计划.587名青少年学生应付行为研究.中国心理卫生杂志,1995,9(3):1000-102
    35.吴素梅,郑日昌.广西高师学生应对方式与心理健康.中国心理卫生杂志,2002,16(12):862—863
    36.吴增强.自我效能:一种积极的自我信念.心理科学,2001,24(4):499
    37.杨萍.唐兵.自我效能感对儿童抑郁的影响方式.云南师范大学学报(教育科学版),2000,3:15—17
    38.俞国良,辛涛,申继亮.教师教学效能感:结构与影响因素的研究.心理学报,1995,27(2):159—165
    39.叶浩生.论班图拉观察学习理论的历史意义.心理科学,1992,4:43—45
    40.俞磊.应付的理论、研究思路和应用.心理科学,1994,17(3):169—174
    41.曾荣侠,李新旺.试论自我效能感对学生学业成就的影响.教育研究与实验.2003(4):53—55
    42.张鼎昆,方俐洛等.自我效能感的理论及研究现状.心理学动态,1999,7(1):43
    43.张建平.一种新的统计方法和研究思路——结构方程建模述评.心理学报,1993,1:93—101
    44.张建平.大学生应激应付研究.中国科学院心理所硕士论文.1991
    45.周国韬,戚立夫.人类行为的控制与调节——班杜拉的自我效能感理论述评.东北师大学报(教育科学版),1988,4:38—43
    46.朱荣春,王通理等.大学生羞耻感和心理健康以及自我效能、自尊的相关研究.中国心理卫生杂志,1999.13(4):225—227
    
    
    47. Bandura, A., Cioffi, D., & Taylor, C. B. et al. Perceived self-efficacy in coping with cognitive stressors and opioid activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1988,55:479-488
    48. Bandura, A., Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 1986,84:191-215
    49. Compas, B. E., Cormor-Smith, J. K. et al. Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 2001,127(1):87-127
    50. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Grun, R. J., et al. Appraisal, coping, health status and psychological symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 48(1): 150-157
    51. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Grun, R. J., et al. Appraisal, coping, health status and psychological symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 50:571—579
    52. Jerusalem, M., & Schwarzer, R. Anxiety and Self-concept as antecedents of stress and coping: A longitudinal study with German and Turkish adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 1989, 10:785-792
    53. Jerusalem, M., & Schwarzer, R. (1992). Self-efficacy as a resource factor in stress appraisal processes. In R. Schwarzer, (Ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp.195-213). Washington, DC: Hemisphere
    54. Jerusalem, M., & Mittag, W. (1995). Self-efficacy in stressful life transitions. In A. Bandura, (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp.177-201). Cambridge University Press
    55. Judge, T.A., & Bono, J.E. Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: a recta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2001,86(1): 80-92
    56. Hobfoll, S. E. Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 1989, 44(3):513-524
    57. Schwarzer, R., Berlin, E U., Jerusalem, M., Berlin, H. U. (1995). Optimistic self-beliefs as a resource factor in coping with stress, In S. E. Hobfoll, M. W. Vriess, (Eds.), Extreme Stress and Commtmities: Impact and Intervention (pp.159-177). Khiwer Academic Publishers.
    58. Schwarzer, R., Babler, J., Kwiatek, P., Sehroder, K., Zhang, J. X. The assessment of optimistic self-beliefs: comparisions of the German, Spanish, and Chinese versions of the general self-efficacy scale. Applied Psychology: An International Reviews, 1997,46(1): 69-88
    59. Schwarzer, R., Boren, A., Iwawaki, S., Lee,Y. M., Saito, E., Yue, X. D, The assessment of optimistic self-beliefs: comparision of the Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Korean versions of the general self-efficacy scale. Psyehologia, 1997,40:1-13
    60. Schwarzer, R., Muller, J., G-reenglass, E., Assessment of the general perceived self-efficacy on the internet: data collection in eyberspace. Anxiety, Stress, and Copying, 1999,12(3): 145-161
    
    
    1.[美]A.班杜拉著.林颖等译.思想和行动的社会基础——社会认知论(下册).华东师范大学出版社.2001
    2.[美]L.A.珀文著.周榕等译.人格科学.华东师范大学出版社.2001
    3.[美]Jerry M.Burger著、陈会昌等译.人格心理学.中国轻工业出版社.2000
    4.戴海崎,张锋,陈雪枫.心理与教育测量.暨南大学出版社.2002
    5.丁秀峰.心理测量学.河南大学出版社.2001
    6.黄希庭、郑涌.当代中国大学生心理特点与教育.上海教育出版社.1999,4
    7.高申春.人性的辉煌之路——班杜拉的社会学习理论.湖北教育出版社.2000
    8.金瑜.心理测量.华东师范大学出版社.2001
    9.李百珍.青少年心理卫生与心理咨询.北京师范大学出版社.1997
    10.林杰斌,陈湘,刘明德.SPSS11统计分析实务设计宝典.中国铁道出版社.2002
    11.刘华山.学校心理辅导.安徽人民出版社.1998.
    12.卢纹岱主编SPSS for Windows统计分析.电子工业出版社.2000
    13.樊富珉.大学生心理健康教育研究.清华大学出版社.2002,11
    14.三味工作室编写.SPSS10.0 for windows实用基础教程.北京希望电子出版社.2001
    15.舒华.心理与教育研究中的多因素实验设计.北京师范大学出版社.1994
    16.王重鸣.心理学研究方法.人民教育出版社.1990
    17.汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版).中国心理卫生杂志社.1999
    18.温忠麟,邢最智.现代教育与心理统计技术.江苏教育出版社.1990
    19.吴明隆.SPSS统计应用实务.中国铁道出版社.2001
    20.张厚粲.心理与教育统计学.北京师范大学出版社.1998
    21.郑日昌,蔡永红,周益群.心理测量学.人民教育出版社.1999
    22.郑日昌.大学生心理测量.山东教育出版社.1999
    23.郑雪.人格心理学.暨南大学出版社.2001
    24.周晓虹.现代社会心理学.上海人民出版社.1999
    25. Bandura.A.. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: prentice—Hall. 1986
    26. Bandura, A. Self-efficacy in changing society. Cambrindge University Press, 1995
    27. Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New Fork Freeman, 1997
    28. Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S., Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer Publishing Comping, 1984:141
    29. Schwarzer, R.. Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1992
    30. Schult, D. Theory of personality (4th ed.).Pacific Grove, CA.. Brooks/Cole. 1990

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700