体育运动中成就目标定向的理论结构及其相关研究
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摘要
本文在对成就目标定向的已有研究进行回顾的基础上,通过访谈、文献分析、问卷调查等方法收集资料,采用探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析及相关分析对数据进行处理,探讨了体育运动中成就目标定向的因素结构,以及各因素与人格、自我效能、任务价值、体育活动参与情况、情感过程、行为过程等变量之间的关系,获得的初步结论有以下几点:
     1、体育运动中成就目标定向具有三因素结构,分别为任务目标定向、自我趋近目标定向和自我回避目标定向。
     2、对成就目标定向在不同性别和运动水平上进行了差异研究,结果显示男性比女性存在更多自我趋近目标定向,女性比男性存在更多自我回避目标定向;运动训练专业、体育教育专业的学生比普通学生存在更多的自我趋近目标定向。差异达到显著性水平。
     3、成就目标定向的相关研究结果显示,任务目标定向与自我效能、任务价值、内外向、运动愉快感、付出努力、任务坚持存在显著正相关,与神经质、精神质、焦虑显著负相关,与体育运动参与情况相关不显著;自我趋近目标定向自我效能、任务价值、神经质、参与运动的时间成显著正相关,与其它变量相关不显著;自我回避目标定向与神经质、精神质、焦虑存在显著正相关;与自我效能、任务价值、内外向、运动愉快感、付出努力、任务坚持、体育活动的参与情况存在显著负相关。
This research, based on the detailed discussion of achievement goal orientation theory's concept, development, relative research and measurement, investigate the structure of achievement goal orientation of physical education, the distinction of different person as well as the relation between achievement goal orientation and self-efficiency , task-value , personality etc. The relevant date are collected by open questionnaires, researches into some relevant reference, some standard research methods, such as exploratory analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis and correlation analysis are employed.
    The conclusion drawn by this research are as follows:
    1. Achievement goal orientation in physical education has three-element structure: task goal orientation, ego-approach goal orientation, ego-avoidance goal orientation.
    2. Ego-approach goal orientation and ego-avoidance goal orientation have obvious difference on gender and athletic levels, nor does the task goal orientation.
    3. Task goal orientation has positive relation with self-efficiency, task-values, Intraversion-Extraversion and has negative relation with Neuroticism, Psychoticism. Ego-approach has positive relation with self-efficiency, task-values and Neuroticism, has unnoticeable relation with Intraversion-Extraversion and Psychoticism. Ego-avoidance has remarkable negative relation with self-efficiency, task-values and Intraversion-Extraversion, has positive relation with Neuroticism, Psychoticism.
引文
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