扭曲椭圆管换热器传热与压降性能的研究
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摘要
强化型高效传热管取代原来的普通金属光滑管,既可节约金属管材和降低设备费用,又能显著地提高热能利用效率,降低能耗。与传统的换热器相比,扭曲管换热器具有传热效率高、压降低、抗垢性能好、占地面积小等诸多优点,以扭曲管为换热元件的扭曲管换热器作为一种新型的换热设备也逐渐体现其在石油化工行业中的优势。
本文以得到扭曲椭圆管换热器管内外强化传热机理以及管内外传热与压降特性计算通用准则关系式为目的,进行了扭曲椭圆管管内传热与流动的理论分析,对扭曲椭圆管换热器管内外传热与压降性能进行了试验测试以及数值计算,分析了换热器管程以及壳程传热与流动特点,主要研究内容和结论有以下几个方面：
1.借助张量分析、摄动法、Galerkin法等数学工具,得到了管内流体层流流动与传热过程中速度场与温度场等各阶摄动分量的分析解。对比分析了光滑椭圆管、光滑圆管以及不同长短轴比扭曲椭圆管管内传热与压降特性,对扭曲椭圆管以及光滑椭圆管横截面温度以及速度的各阶分量及其相互之间的影响进行了分析,得到了二次流对换热管横截面局部努赛尔数以及壁面剪切应力分布的影响。分析了几何参数对二次流分布以及二次流大小的影响,得到了扭曲椭圆管低雷诺数强化传热机理。
2.搭建了扭曲椭圆管管内传热与压降性能测试平台,并对测试系统可靠性进行了分析。利用测试平台,对长轴为2b=24mm、短轴2a=14.5mmm、扭距P分别为200mm以及230mm的扭曲椭圆管进行了试验测试,得到了两根扭曲椭圆管管内传热与压降性能计算准则关系式,分析了前人得到的准则关系式对本测试结果的可靠性,同时对比分析了光滑圆管以及不同几何参数扭曲椭圆管的传热与压降特性。
3.搭建了扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能测试平台,并对测试平台可靠性进行了分析。利用测试平台,对FrM=79的扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能进行了试验测试,分析了前人得到的准则关系式应用范围扩展后的可靠性,同时对比分析了折流杆换热器与扭曲椭圆管换热器的传热与压降性能,优化了现有换热器综合性能评价因子,7,并基于新的评价因子ηM对扭曲椭圆管换热器的综合性能进行了评价。
4.通过采用Realizable k-e模型及相关模型参数对扭曲椭圆管管内外传热与压降性能进行了数值计算,分析了几何参数对换热器管内外传热与压降性能的影响,同时以数值计算结果为基础,得到了扭曲椭圆换热器管内外温度场、速度场分布以及流线分布。同时分析了温度场、速度场、二次流对传热与流动的影响、几何参数对二次流大小和流体流动状态的影响等。借助场协同理论分析了换热器强化传热机理,拟合得到了扭曲椭圆管换热器管程以及壳程传热与压降特性计算通用型准则关系式。
Material and Equipment cost will be seriously saved when smooth tubes are replaced by enhanced tubes in the heat exchangers. Also the utilization rate of heat will be obviously promoted, more energy will be saved. Comparing with the traditional shell-tube heat exchangers, advantages just like higher heat transfer coefficient, lower pressure drop, higher clean ability and smaller volume will be found in twisted tube heat exchangers. This new type of heat exchanger is gradually showing their superiority in petroleum chemical industry.
Aiming at obtaining the heat transfer and pressure drop correlations of both the shell side and tube side of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger, the present work analyzes the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the twisted oval tube theoretically. Heat transfer and pressure drop performances of twisted oval tubes with different geometrical parameters were studied experimentally and numerically. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in both the tube side and shell side of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are studied numerically. Main component and major findings of the present work are as follow:
1. In terms of tensor technique, perturbation method and Galerkin method, analytic solutions of each order perturbation components of velocity and temperature are obtained. Comparatively analyzed the heat transfer and pressure drop performances of smooth round tube, smooth oval tube and twisted oval tubes with different geometrical parameters. Each order components of velocity and temperature of smooth round tube and twisted oval tube are analyzed and also their influences on each other are also studied. Their influence on the distribution of local Nusselt number and wall shear stress are also studied. Influences of geometrical parameters on the distribution of secondary flow and the magnitude of secondary flow are analyzed. Heat transfer enhancement mechanism of the twisted oval tubes in laminar state is obtained.
2. Heat transfer and pressure drop performance testing system of the twisted oval tube is established. Performances of the twisted oval tubes with major axis2b=24mm, minor axis2a=9.5mm, twisted pitch length equals200mm and230mm are experimentally studied. Correlations for calculating their heat transfer and pressure drop performances are also fitted. The reliability of the correlations from former researchers is analyzed. And also the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of smooth round tube and twisted oval tubes are comparatively analyzed.
3. Shell side heat transfer and pressure drop performance testing system of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger is established. Shell performances of twisted oval tube heat exchanger with FrM=79is experimentally studied. The reliability of the correlations from former researchers is analyzed. And also shell side heat transfer and pressure drop performances of twisted oval tube heat exchanger and rod baffle heat exchanger are compared with each other. The overall performance evaluation factor η is optimized in the present work. With the optimized overall performance evaluation factor ηM, the overall performance of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger is evaluated.
4. With Realizable k-ε turbulence model and relevant model parameters, shell side and tube side heat transfer and pressure drop performances of twisted oval tube heat exchanger are simulated. Influences of twisted oval tube geometrical parameters on the performance of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are analyzed. Based on the numerical result, Influence of temperature, velocity, secondary flow distributions on the performances of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are analyzed. In terms of field synergy principle, both the shell side and tube side heat transfer enhancement mechanism of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are summarized. And also the general correlations for calculating the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are fitted.
本文以得到扭曲椭圆管换热器管内外强化传热机理以及管内外传热与压降特性计算通用准则关系式为目的,进行了扭曲椭圆管管内传热与流动的理论分析,对扭曲椭圆管换热器管内外传热与压降性能进行了试验测试以及数值计算,分析了换热器管程以及壳程传热与流动特点,主要研究内容和结论有以下几个方面：
1.借助张量分析、摄动法、Galerkin法等数学工具,得到了管内流体层流流动与传热过程中速度场与温度场等各阶摄动分量的分析解。对比分析了光滑椭圆管、光滑圆管以及不同长短轴比扭曲椭圆管管内传热与压降特性,对扭曲椭圆管以及光滑椭圆管横截面温度以及速度的各阶分量及其相互之间的影响进行了分析,得到了二次流对换热管横截面局部努赛尔数以及壁面剪切应力分布的影响。分析了几何参数对二次流分布以及二次流大小的影响,得到了扭曲椭圆管低雷诺数强化传热机理。
2.搭建了扭曲椭圆管管内传热与压降性能测试平台,并对测试系统可靠性进行了分析。利用测试平台,对长轴为2b=24mm、短轴2a=14.5mmm、扭距P分别为200mm以及230mm的扭曲椭圆管进行了试验测试,得到了两根扭曲椭圆管管内传热与压降性能计算准则关系式,分析了前人得到的准则关系式对本测试结果的可靠性,同时对比分析了光滑圆管以及不同几何参数扭曲椭圆管的传热与压降特性。
3.搭建了扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能测试平台,并对测试平台可靠性进行了分析。利用测试平台,对FrM=79的扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能进行了试验测试,分析了前人得到的准则关系式应用范围扩展后的可靠性,同时对比分析了折流杆换热器与扭曲椭圆管换热器的传热与压降性能,优化了现有换热器综合性能评价因子,7,并基于新的评价因子ηM对扭曲椭圆管换热器的综合性能进行了评价。
4.通过采用Realizable k-e模型及相关模型参数对扭曲椭圆管管内外传热与压降性能进行了数值计算,分析了几何参数对换热器管内外传热与压降性能的影响,同时以数值计算结果为基础,得到了扭曲椭圆换热器管内外温度场、速度场分布以及流线分布。同时分析了温度场、速度场、二次流对传热与流动的影响、几何参数对二次流大小和流体流动状态的影响等。借助场协同理论分析了换热器强化传热机理,拟合得到了扭曲椭圆管换热器管程以及壳程传热与压降特性计算通用型准则关系式。
Material and Equipment cost will be seriously saved when smooth tubes are replaced by enhanced tubes in the heat exchangers. Also the utilization rate of heat will be obviously promoted, more energy will be saved. Comparing with the traditional shell-tube heat exchangers, advantages just like higher heat transfer coefficient, lower pressure drop, higher clean ability and smaller volume will be found in twisted tube heat exchangers. This new type of heat exchanger is gradually showing their superiority in petroleum chemical industry.
Aiming at obtaining the heat transfer and pressure drop correlations of both the shell side and tube side of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger, the present work analyzes the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the twisted oval tube theoretically. Heat transfer and pressure drop performances of twisted oval tubes with different geometrical parameters were studied experimentally and numerically. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in both the tube side and shell side of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are studied numerically. Main component and major findings of the present work are as follow:
1. In terms of tensor technique, perturbation method and Galerkin method, analytic solutions of each order perturbation components of velocity and temperature are obtained. Comparatively analyzed the heat transfer and pressure drop performances of smooth round tube, smooth oval tube and twisted oval tubes with different geometrical parameters. Each order components of velocity and temperature of smooth round tube and twisted oval tube are analyzed and also their influences on each other are also studied. Their influence on the distribution of local Nusselt number and wall shear stress are also studied. Influences of geometrical parameters on the distribution of secondary flow and the magnitude of secondary flow are analyzed. Heat transfer enhancement mechanism of the twisted oval tubes in laminar state is obtained.
2. Heat transfer and pressure drop performance testing system of the twisted oval tube is established. Performances of the twisted oval tubes with major axis2b=24mm, minor axis2a=9.5mm, twisted pitch length equals200mm and230mm are experimentally studied. Correlations for calculating their heat transfer and pressure drop performances are also fitted. The reliability of the correlations from former researchers is analyzed. And also the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of smooth round tube and twisted oval tubes are comparatively analyzed.
3. Shell side heat transfer and pressure drop performance testing system of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger is established. Shell performances of twisted oval tube heat exchanger with FrM=79is experimentally studied. The reliability of the correlations from former researchers is analyzed. And also shell side heat transfer and pressure drop performances of twisted oval tube heat exchanger and rod baffle heat exchanger are compared with each other. The overall performance evaluation factor η is optimized in the present work. With the optimized overall performance evaluation factor ηM, the overall performance of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger is evaluated.
4. With Realizable k-ε turbulence model and relevant model parameters, shell side and tube side heat transfer and pressure drop performances of twisted oval tube heat exchanger are simulated. Influences of twisted oval tube geometrical parameters on the performance of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are analyzed. Based on the numerical result, Influence of temperature, velocity, secondary flow distributions on the performances of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are analyzed. In terms of field synergy principle, both the shell side and tube side heat transfer enhancement mechanism of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are summarized. And also the general correlations for calculating the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of the twisted oval tube heat exchanger are fitted.
引文
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