基于产业集群的高新区竞争力评价及发展研究
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摘要
中国高新区是改革开放的重要产物,从1987年第一个国家级高新区中关村诞生起,经历了20年的发展建设,我国已建立54个国家级高新区,并取得了辉煌的成绩。高新区已经逐步成为区域经济的增长极,对增强自主创新能力、改善产业结构都发挥了极其重要的作用。在世界范围内,以美国“硅谷”为代表的高新技术产业集群所取得的巨大成功,证明产业集群已经成为成功高新区发展的典型范式。针对我国高新区近些年出现的发展相对缓慢、核心竞争力不强的问题,建立一套基于产业集群的高新区竞争力评价体系对高新区明确自身发展的比较优势、提升核心竞争力和整合有效资源应对全球经济危机具有重要的理论意义和现实意义,也可以为各高新区政府发现自身竞争力不足、打造具有国际竞争力的产业集群提供理论指导。
本文以产业集群及高新区竞争力的相关理论为基础,深入研究产业集群提升高新区竞争力的原理,从基于产业集群的高新区竞争力的定义出发,建立基于产业集群的高新区竞争力理论模型。由理论模型解析出评价体系的准则层,通过指标的海选、筛选和理性分析对各准则层的指标进行分类确定,从而建立基于产业集群的高新区竞争力的评价指标体系。用主观赋权的G1法和客观赋权的离差最大化法组合确定指标权重,根据离差平方和最大的原则建立了基于组合赋权的高新区竞争力综合评价模型,并对中国17个典型高新区的截面数据进行实证分析。最后,以大连高新区为例提出提升高新区竞争力的发展策略。
本文的创新与特色：一是通过把产业集群竞争力纳入高新区竞争力评价体系中进行评价,反映了提升高新区竞争力新的发展方式,体现了科学发展的内在要求。二是通过各评价对象的评价结果离差平方和最大来确定主观权重系数a和客观权重系数β,反映了在评价中指标的差异越大,其权重赋值的数值越大的逻辑思路。三是实证研究表明,国家级高新区的传统格局正在悄然的改变。成都、西安、杭州等高新区通过集群式的发展使其竞争力得到很好的提升,体现了产业集群竞争力已逐渐成为提升高新区竞争力的关键。
China Hi-tech Zone is an important product of opening-up and reform policy. From 1987 the first foundation of national hi-tech zone, Zhongguanzun, throughout 20 years of development and construction, our country has established 54 state-level hi-tech zones and has scored brilliant achievement. Hi-tech zone has devolved into economic-growth force for regional economics, and it has played an extremely essential role to enhance the ability of independent innovation and to improve industrial structure. In a world-wide, the huge success of hi-tech industrial clusters, represented by the United States "Silicon Valley" has demonstrated that industrial clusters has devolved into typical mode of hi-tech zone development. In light of the problems of hi-tech zone related to relative slow development and weak core competitiveness, it's imperative to establish a set of assessment system based on the hi-tech zone competitiveness of industrial clusters which means realistic and guided meanings to improve core competitiveness and integrate effective resource to cope with the global economic economics crisis. Meanwhile it also provides a theoretic guidance for the hi-tech zone management committee to find itself not competitive enough and a guidance to create an internationally competitive industrial cluster.
In this paper, based on the related theory of competitiveness of hi-tech zone and industrial cluster, conducting in-depth research on uplifting competitiveness of hi-tech zone, a theoretic model is established based on competitiveness of hi-tech zone and industrial cluster. Rule layer of evaluation system is analysed by theoretic model and index of Rule layer is categorized through broad elections, screening and rational analysis of index which has formed into competitiveness of hi-tech zone of industrial cluster. This paper determined the optimal weights of indicators with fuzzy membership indicators score method and G1-deviations method, and then established the evaluation model for competitiveness on industrial cluster of seventeen hi-tech zones of china. Ultimately, policy suggestions are put forward on the competitiveness of hi-tech zone as example of Dalian hi-tech zone.
The contribution characteristics lie on three aspects:Firstly, reflect the claim of Scientific Outlook on Development and the new develop mode of improving the hi-tech zone competitiveness through bringing the competitiveness of industrial cluster into the hi-tech zone competitiveness evaluation index system. Secondly, determine the weight modulus a andβthrough the principle of sum of deviation square in largest between one indicator and other indicators which reflects the influence of practical data on the score results and the dynamic changing of future index. Thirdly, The traditional setup of hi-tech zones at state level is changing on the quiet. As shown in positive study, hi-tech zones in Chengdu, Xi'an, Hangzhou, etc. have improved their competitiveness by cluster development, and their comprehensive competitiveness comes out in front, reflecting that industrial cluster competitiveness has become the key to comprehensive competitiveness improvement.
本文以产业集群及高新区竞争力的相关理论为基础,深入研究产业集群提升高新区竞争力的原理,从基于产业集群的高新区竞争力的定义出发,建立基于产业集群的高新区竞争力理论模型。由理论模型解析出评价体系的准则层,通过指标的海选、筛选和理性分析对各准则层的指标进行分类确定,从而建立基于产业集群的高新区竞争力的评价指标体系。用主观赋权的G1法和客观赋权的离差最大化法组合确定指标权重,根据离差平方和最大的原则建立了基于组合赋权的高新区竞争力综合评价模型,并对中国17个典型高新区的截面数据进行实证分析。最后,以大连高新区为例提出提升高新区竞争力的发展策略。
本文的创新与特色：一是通过把产业集群竞争力纳入高新区竞争力评价体系中进行评价,反映了提升高新区竞争力新的发展方式,体现了科学发展的内在要求。二是通过各评价对象的评价结果离差平方和最大来确定主观权重系数a和客观权重系数β,反映了在评价中指标的差异越大,其权重赋值的数值越大的逻辑思路。三是实证研究表明,国家级高新区的传统格局正在悄然的改变。成都、西安、杭州等高新区通过集群式的发展使其竞争力得到很好的提升,体现了产业集群竞争力已逐渐成为提升高新区竞争力的关键。
China Hi-tech Zone is an important product of opening-up and reform policy. From 1987 the first foundation of national hi-tech zone, Zhongguanzun, throughout 20 years of development and construction, our country has established 54 state-level hi-tech zones and has scored brilliant achievement. Hi-tech zone has devolved into economic-growth force for regional economics, and it has played an extremely essential role to enhance the ability of independent innovation and to improve industrial structure. In a world-wide, the huge success of hi-tech industrial clusters, represented by the United States "Silicon Valley" has demonstrated that industrial clusters has devolved into typical mode of hi-tech zone development. In light of the problems of hi-tech zone related to relative slow development and weak core competitiveness, it's imperative to establish a set of assessment system based on the hi-tech zone competitiveness of industrial clusters which means realistic and guided meanings to improve core competitiveness and integrate effective resource to cope with the global economic economics crisis. Meanwhile it also provides a theoretic guidance for the hi-tech zone management committee to find itself not competitive enough and a guidance to create an internationally competitive industrial cluster.
In this paper, based on the related theory of competitiveness of hi-tech zone and industrial cluster, conducting in-depth research on uplifting competitiveness of hi-tech zone, a theoretic model is established based on competitiveness of hi-tech zone and industrial cluster. Rule layer of evaluation system is analysed by theoretic model and index of Rule layer is categorized through broad elections, screening and rational analysis of index which has formed into competitiveness of hi-tech zone of industrial cluster. This paper determined the optimal weights of indicators with fuzzy membership indicators score method and G1-deviations method, and then established the evaluation model for competitiveness on industrial cluster of seventeen hi-tech zones of china. Ultimately, policy suggestions are put forward on the competitiveness of hi-tech zone as example of Dalian hi-tech zone.
The contribution characteristics lie on three aspects:Firstly, reflect the claim of Scientific Outlook on Development and the new develop mode of improving the hi-tech zone competitiveness through bringing the competitiveness of industrial cluster into the hi-tech zone competitiveness evaluation index system. Secondly, determine the weight modulus a andβthrough the principle of sum of deviation square in largest between one indicator and other indicators which reflects the influence of practical data on the score results and the dynamic changing of future index. Thirdly, The traditional setup of hi-tech zones at state level is changing on the quiet. As shown in positive study, hi-tech zones in Chengdu, Xi'an, Hangzhou, etc. have improved their competitiveness by cluster development, and their comprehensive competitiveness comes out in front, reflecting that industrial cluster competitiveness has become the key to comprehensive competitiveness improvement.
引文
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