呼吸式玻璃幕墙夹层温度影响因素的研究
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摘要
呼吸式玻璃幕墙外形通透,具有较好的隔音效果,受到越来越多的使用单位和建筑师的青睐,但是在实际应用中存在着片面强调玻璃幕墙的装饰作用而忽视其热工性能和通风效果的现象,这势必会造成对能源和社会资源的巨大浪费,更不利于玻璃幕墙建筑的健康发展。
本文以寒冷地区呼吸式玻璃幕墙为研究对象,结合天津市实际工程,采用实验的方法研究了不同工况下呼吸式玻璃幕墙的夹层温度及室内、外温度的变化规律和彼此间的关系。并借助CFD模拟分析了影响呼吸式玻璃幕墙夏季通风的因素。
本文主要研究了夏季和过渡季节、晴天和阴天、幕墙呼吸式和非呼吸式、不同朝向、不同高度、有遮阳措施和无遮阳措施、夏季空调开启和关闭等工况下夹层温度和室温的变化情况。
实验结果表明:无论在何种工况下,白天不同高度不同朝向的夹层温度均高于室外温度;同一朝向的夹层温度和室温都随着夹层高度的增加而升高。消除室外温度的影响后,过渡季节的夹层温度高于夏季,晴天高于阴天,幕墙非呼吸式高于呼吸式,无遮阳高于有遮阳,空调关闭高于空调开启。
另外,采用CFD模拟研究了不同进风口风速、不同夹层宽度及不同夹层高度对夹层温度和风速的影响情况。结果表明:室外迎面风速越大越有利于夹层内的热量被及时带走,降低夹层温度,当自然通风不能满足要求时应采取机械通风的方式;当进风口风速一定时,夹层宽度不同或高度不同时对夹层温度的影响也不同,夹层太宽通风效果不好,夹层太高易出现过热现象。因此,在设计幕墙时应对不同进风口风速、不同夹层宽度和高度情况进行综合研究以确定最合理的通风方案。
Breathing-type glass curtain wall’s outward shape is transparent, and it has good noise-insulated effect. It has received more and more favor from construction units and architects. However, in practical applications, there are one-sided emphasis on the decoration to ignore thermal performance and ventilation effect. So that it will result in huge wastes of energy and social resource.
The thesis studies the Double-Skin glass curtain wall of a practical project in Tianjin in cold region. The experiments study the relationship of interlayer temperature, indoor and outdoor temperature under different conditions. CFD simulation analyses the impact factors of ventilation of breathing glass curtain wall in summer.
This thesis studies the change ruler of interlayer and indoor temperature under different conditions, summer and transition season, sunny and cloudy day, the walls of breathing and non-breathing, different orientations, different heights, shade and no shade, air-conditioning of open and close.
The results showed that: under different conditions, during daytime, interlayer temperature of different heights and orientations is higher than outdoor temperature; interlayer and indoor temperature increase with interlayer’height. After eliminating the impact of outdoor temperature, interlayer temperature of transitional season is higher than summer, sunny day than cloudy day, non-breathing than breathing, no shade than shade, air conditioning of close than open.
Additionally, CFD simulates different inlet speeds, different interlayer’width and height. The results showed that: the greater the air speed is, the lower the interlayer temperature is, when natural ventilation can’t meet the requirements, mechanical ventilation should be taken. When the speed is same, different widths or heights have different impacts on interlayer temperature. Too wide interlayer takes poor ventilation, too high will take overheated phenomenon. Therefore, before design, different speeds, widths and heights should be simulated to choose right design plan.
本文以寒冷地区呼吸式玻璃幕墙为研究对象,结合天津市实际工程,采用实验的方法研究了不同工况下呼吸式玻璃幕墙的夹层温度及室内、外温度的变化规律和彼此间的关系。并借助CFD模拟分析了影响呼吸式玻璃幕墙夏季通风的因素。
本文主要研究了夏季和过渡季节、晴天和阴天、幕墙呼吸式和非呼吸式、不同朝向、不同高度、有遮阳措施和无遮阳措施、夏季空调开启和关闭等工况下夹层温度和室温的变化情况。
实验结果表明:无论在何种工况下,白天不同高度不同朝向的夹层温度均高于室外温度;同一朝向的夹层温度和室温都随着夹层高度的增加而升高。消除室外温度的影响后,过渡季节的夹层温度高于夏季,晴天高于阴天,幕墙非呼吸式高于呼吸式,无遮阳高于有遮阳,空调关闭高于空调开启。
另外,采用CFD模拟研究了不同进风口风速、不同夹层宽度及不同夹层高度对夹层温度和风速的影响情况。结果表明:室外迎面风速越大越有利于夹层内的热量被及时带走,降低夹层温度,当自然通风不能满足要求时应采取机械通风的方式;当进风口风速一定时,夹层宽度不同或高度不同时对夹层温度的影响也不同,夹层太宽通风效果不好,夹层太高易出现过热现象。因此,在设计幕墙时应对不同进风口风速、不同夹层宽度和高度情况进行综合研究以确定最合理的通风方案。
Breathing-type glass curtain wall’s outward shape is transparent, and it has good noise-insulated effect. It has received more and more favor from construction units and architects. However, in practical applications, there are one-sided emphasis on the decoration to ignore thermal performance and ventilation effect. So that it will result in huge wastes of energy and social resource.
The thesis studies the Double-Skin glass curtain wall of a practical project in Tianjin in cold region. The experiments study the relationship of interlayer temperature, indoor and outdoor temperature under different conditions. CFD simulation analyses the impact factors of ventilation of breathing glass curtain wall in summer.
This thesis studies the change ruler of interlayer and indoor temperature under different conditions, summer and transition season, sunny and cloudy day, the walls of breathing and non-breathing, different orientations, different heights, shade and no shade, air-conditioning of open and close.
The results showed that: under different conditions, during daytime, interlayer temperature of different heights and orientations is higher than outdoor temperature; interlayer and indoor temperature increase with interlayer’height. After eliminating the impact of outdoor temperature, interlayer temperature of transitional season is higher than summer, sunny day than cloudy day, non-breathing than breathing, no shade than shade, air conditioning of close than open.
Additionally, CFD simulates different inlet speeds, different interlayer’width and height. The results showed that: the greater the air speed is, the lower the interlayer temperature is, when natural ventilation can’t meet the requirements, mechanical ventilation should be taken. When the speed is same, different widths or heights have different impacts on interlayer temperature. Too wide interlayer takes poor ventilation, too high will take overheated phenomenon. Therefore, before design, different speeds, widths and heights should be simulated to choose right design plan.
引文
[1]江亿,林波荣等,住宅节能[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,3~4.
[2]薛志峰,超低能耗建筑技术及应用[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005,1~2.
[3]杜鹏,夏热冬冷地区双层皮玻璃幕墙的气候适应性研究[D],武汉:华中科技大学,2003.
[4]王荣光,沈天行等,可再生能源利用与建筑节能[M],机械工业出版社,2004,50~100.
[5]《居住建筑节能设计标准》(征求意见稿),GB-2006.
[6]公共建筑节能设计标准[S],GB 50189-2005.2005.
[7]高等学校教学参考书,外国近现代建筑史[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1982.
[8] Eberhard Oesterle,Double-Skin Facades[J],Integrated Planning,2001(5): 13~24.
[9]孙静,王建国,玻璃幕墙光污染的原因及对策[J],河北建筑工程学院学报, VoII23 No.4,December.2005.
[10]高甫生,周雪飞.玻璃幕墙建筑夏季室内热环境研究[J],辽宁:哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004.
[11]尚新峰.玻璃幕墙节能措施及发展方向[J],牡丹江师范学院学报(自然科学版),2007年第3期:21~22.
[12]王强,黄义龙,曹芹,双层玻璃幕墙节能效果实验研究[J],新型建筑材料2006.7:70~72.
[13]陈海,姜清海,郭金基等,太阳辐射作用下双层玻璃幕墙热通道的节能计算与实验研究[J],中山大学学报(自然科学版),2006,第45卷笫6期:35~39.
[14]杜苗,呼吸式幕墙在寒冷地区的热工性能研究[D],天津大学硕士论文,2007年.
[15]孙跃强,周志华,杜苗.呼吸式玻璃幕墙在寒冷地区的应用[J],煤气与热力,2008,28(1):A15~17.
[16]李保峰,“双层皮”幕墙类型分析及应用展望[J],建筑学报,2001(11):28~31.
[17]李雪平,建筑玻璃幕墙的节能设计研究[D],西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[18]王振,李保峰,双层皮玻璃幕墙的气候适应性设计策略研究.
[19] Wenting Dinga,Yuji Hasemia, Tokiyoshi Yamadab, Natural ventilation performance of a double-skin facade with a solar chimney,Energy and Buildings 37 (2005) 411~418.
[20] W.J. Stec, A.H.C. van Paassen,A. Maziarz,Modelling the double skin fac?ade with plants,Energy and Buildings,37 (2005) 419~427.
[21] Elisabeth Gratia , Andre′De Herde,Greenhouse effect in double-skin fa?ade,Energy and Buildings 39 (2007) 199~211.
[22] Elisabeth Gratia,Andre′De Herde,The most efficient position of shading devices in a double-skin fa?ade,Energy and Buildings 39 (2007) 364~373.
[23]牛盛楠,王立雄,杨现国.玻璃幕墙建筑的遮阳采光与节能[J],建材,探索之窗.
[24]颜宏亮.论玻璃幕墙遮阳设计的作用及效果[J],建筑科学,2004,20(3): 8~10.
[25]陈晏薇.节能幕墙的应用—河南安阳永兴宾馆设计及其分析研究[D],上海:同济大学,2004.
[26]杨居光,关于双层玻璃幕墙的初步研究[D],天津:天津大学,2004.
[27]陈海,姜清海等,太阳辐射作用下双层玻璃幕墙热通道的节能计算与实验研究[J],中山大学学报(自然科学版),Vo1.45,No.6,Nov.2006.
[28]王雪松,生态技术策略—双层皮外墙类型分析研究[J],重庆建筑大学学报,2003,25(6):5~9.
[29] Shah S P,Architecture expression and low energy design[J],Renewable Energy,1998(15):32~41.
[30]杜苗天津大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[31]张子慧,热工测量与自动控制[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996.
[32]潘圣铭,温度计量[M],北京:中国计量出版社,1995.
[33]高庆中,温度计量[M],北京:中国计量出版社,2004.
[34]刘少强,精密铂电阻测温方法[J],传感器技术,1999,18(2):41~44.
[35]民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)[S],JGJ26-95,2005.
[36]章熙民,任泽霈等,传热学[M] ,第四版,中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[37]涂逢祥,节能窗技术[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[38]建筑门窗玻璃幕墙热工计算规程(征求意见稿)[S],2004.
[39] GB/T2680—94.建筑玻璃可见光、透射比等以及有关窗玻璃参数的测定[S],1994.
[40]方荣生,太阳能应用技术[M],北京:中国农业机械出版社,1985.
[41]贺平,孙刚,供热工程[M],第三版,中国建筑工业出版社,1993.
[42]赵荣义,范存养等,空气调节[M],第三版,中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
[43]张晴原,Joe Huang,中国建筑用标准气象数据库[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[2]薛志峰,超低能耗建筑技术及应用[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005,1~2.
[3]杜鹏,夏热冬冷地区双层皮玻璃幕墙的气候适应性研究[D],武汉:华中科技大学,2003.
[4]王荣光,沈天行等,可再生能源利用与建筑节能[M],机械工业出版社,2004,50~100.
[5]《居住建筑节能设计标准》(征求意见稿),GB-2006.
[6]公共建筑节能设计标准[S],GB 50189-2005.2005.
[7]高等学校教学参考书,外国近现代建筑史[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1982.
[8] Eberhard Oesterle,Double-Skin Facades[J],Integrated Planning,2001(5): 13~24.
[9]孙静,王建国,玻璃幕墙光污染的原因及对策[J],河北建筑工程学院学报, VoII23 No.4,December.2005.
[10]高甫生,周雪飞.玻璃幕墙建筑夏季室内热环境研究[J],辽宁:哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004.
[11]尚新峰.玻璃幕墙节能措施及发展方向[J],牡丹江师范学院学报(自然科学版),2007年第3期:21~22.
[12]王强,黄义龙,曹芹,双层玻璃幕墙节能效果实验研究[J],新型建筑材料2006.7:70~72.
[13]陈海,姜清海,郭金基等,太阳辐射作用下双层玻璃幕墙热通道的节能计算与实验研究[J],中山大学学报(自然科学版),2006,第45卷笫6期:35~39.
[14]杜苗,呼吸式幕墙在寒冷地区的热工性能研究[D],天津大学硕士论文,2007年.
[15]孙跃强,周志华,杜苗.呼吸式玻璃幕墙在寒冷地区的应用[J],煤气与热力,2008,28(1):A15~17.
[16]李保峰,“双层皮”幕墙类型分析及应用展望[J],建筑学报,2001(11):28~31.
[17]李雪平,建筑玻璃幕墙的节能设计研究[D],西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[18]王振,李保峰,双层皮玻璃幕墙的气候适应性设计策略研究.
[19] Wenting Dinga,Yuji Hasemia, Tokiyoshi Yamadab, Natural ventilation performance of a double-skin facade with a solar chimney,Energy and Buildings 37 (2005) 411~418.
[20] W.J. Stec, A.H.C. van Paassen,A. Maziarz,Modelling the double skin fac?ade with plants,Energy and Buildings,37 (2005) 419~427.
[21] Elisabeth Gratia , Andre′De Herde,Greenhouse effect in double-skin fa?ade,Energy and Buildings 39 (2007) 199~211.
[22] Elisabeth Gratia,Andre′De Herde,The most efficient position of shading devices in a double-skin fa?ade,Energy and Buildings 39 (2007) 364~373.
[23]牛盛楠,王立雄,杨现国.玻璃幕墙建筑的遮阳采光与节能[J],建材,探索之窗.
[24]颜宏亮.论玻璃幕墙遮阳设计的作用及效果[J],建筑科学,2004,20(3): 8~10.
[25]陈晏薇.节能幕墙的应用—河南安阳永兴宾馆设计及其分析研究[D],上海:同济大学,2004.
[26]杨居光,关于双层玻璃幕墙的初步研究[D],天津:天津大学,2004.
[27]陈海,姜清海等,太阳辐射作用下双层玻璃幕墙热通道的节能计算与实验研究[J],中山大学学报(自然科学版),Vo1.45,No.6,Nov.2006.
[28]王雪松,生态技术策略—双层皮外墙类型分析研究[J],重庆建筑大学学报,2003,25(6):5~9.
[29] Shah S P,Architecture expression and low energy design[J],Renewable Energy,1998(15):32~41.
[30]杜苗天津大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[31]张子慧,热工测量与自动控制[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996.
[32]潘圣铭,温度计量[M],北京:中国计量出版社,1995.
[33]高庆中,温度计量[M],北京:中国计量出版社,2004.
[34]刘少强,精密铂电阻测温方法[J],传感器技术,1999,18(2):41~44.
[35]民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)[S],JGJ26-95,2005.
[36]章熙民,任泽霈等,传热学[M] ,第四版,中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[37]涂逢祥,节能窗技术[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[38]建筑门窗玻璃幕墙热工计算规程(征求意见稿)[S],2004.
[39] GB/T2680—94.建筑玻璃可见光、透射比等以及有关窗玻璃参数的测定[S],1994.
[40]方荣生,太阳能应用技术[M],北京:中国农业机械出版社,1985.
[41]贺平,孙刚,供热工程[M],第三版,中国建筑工业出版社,1993.
[42]赵荣义,范存养等,空气调节[M],第三版,中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
[43]张晴原,Joe Huang,中国建筑用标准气象数据库[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2004.