滇西北衙地区新生代富碱斑岩的岩石学及地球化学特征及与金成矿的关系
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摘要
滇西北衙及其周围地区地质构造复杂,成矿潜力很大,是一个重要的金多金属资源富集区。本文在收集整理前人研究资料的基础上,将深入的野外观察与深入的室内综合研究工作相结合,重点通过对滇西北衙新生代富碱斑岩的岩石学、年代学、地球化学特征的系统研究,探讨富碱斑岩的源区特征和成因,并通过对不同类型矿床的时空分布、矿床地质特征和构造特征的观察和研究,揭示该区富碱斑岩与金成矿作用的关系。研究表明:北衙矿区外围地区炭窑石英正长斑岩的SHRIMP年龄TY-1为31.5±1.1Ma,TY-3为31.34±0.73 Ma,与前人研究测试的年龄基本相符,将该区的富碱斑岩的侵位时代限定为新生代;北衙地区富碱斑岩常量、微量元素地球化学等方面的特征表明,富碱斑岩总体属于钾玄岩系列岩石,岩石∑REE较低在40.04×10-6~298.30×10-6之间,具轻稀土富集型,没有或具有轻微的负铕异常;较高的Sr值和低的Y和Yb,以及富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Ba、K等)和亏损高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta等)的地球化学特征,与埃达克岩具有相似性;岩石Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学特征揭示源区具有EMII型富集地幔的特征;富碱斑岩成因于滇西金沙江-红河断裂带受印度-亚洲板块晚碰撞造山作用影响,发生大规模走滑拉分作用,和/或印缅地块和扬子地块斜向碰撞和相向俯冲引发的深部软流圈物质上涌的热侵蚀,致使加厚地壳部分熔融,在此过程中源区物质曾遭受古老俯冲板片的广泛交代;结合该区不同类型矿床与斑岩的时空分布特征、构造特征以及矿床流体包裹体和本区矿石和富碱斑岩的S、Pb同位素组成特征的研究,揭示该区富碱斑岩岩浆在成矿过程中,不仅为含矿流体的上升提供了动力和热能,而且还是成矿物质和成矿流体的主要来源,北衙金多金属矿整个成矿事件统一受控于富碱斑岩-热液成矿系统。
Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit is one of typical deposits related to alkali-rich intrusion of the Cenozoic in western Yunnan, so many researchers focus on the research on the alkali-rich porphyry for decades. On the basis of the full reference and absorption of the previous research results, we combine the widespread field and the indoor synthetic research work. In order to further study on the origin and petrogenesis of alkali-rich porphyries, this paper systematically makes a study of mineralogy, petrology, geochronology, petrology and geochemistry characteristics of alkali-rich porphyries. To discuss the relationship between mineralization and alkali-rich porphyries, and investigate genetic relation among various ore types, this article studies geologic features, fluid inclusions, extensive field investigation of different ore blocks, and the source of the mineralization fluid and ore-forming materials. Based on the above-mentioned research, the following conclusion is reached:
1)In this paper SHRIMP U-Pb age, TY-1(31.5±1.1Ma),TY-3(31.34±0.73 Ma) of Tanyao quartz syenite porphyry in Beiya is reported for the first time, combined with the ages reported by former researchers, which suggests that the intrusion of Beiya is formed in Cenozoic.
2) The results show that the alkali-rich porphyries in the Beiya area are shoshonitic rocks, and this suite of rocks have relatively low contents of∑REE( 40.04×10-6~298.30×10-6), enrich in LREE and lack Eu negative anomalies. Besides, they have relatively high contents of Sr, and enrich in LILE (such as Rb, Ba ,K etc.), but lack in Yb, Y and HFSE(such as Nb,Ta etc.). All characteristics mentioned above indicate that alkali-rich porphyries from Beiya are somewhat similar to adakites in geochemistry.
3)Systemtical studies on Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic characteristics in this thesis, indicate that the source region has geochemical characteristics of EMII enriched mantle. On the basis of discussion on the origin and petrogenesis, we propose that the alkali-rich porphyries in Beiya, are very likely to be originated from partial melting of the base of thickened crust, which is induced by strike-slip movement of the Jinshajiang-Red River fault caused by the late-collision of India to Asia, or related to upwelling, thermal erosion of asthenospheric melts initiated by the oblique collision and face to face intra-continental subduction between the India-Myanmar continent and the Yangtze continent. In this process, the source region has been extensively metasomatized by the fluid released from old subducted slab.
4) During the metallogenic process, the alkali-rich porphyries not only provide power and thermal energy, but also are main source for the mineralization resources and fluid resources. And we further propose that all the Beiya gold-polymetallic mineralization is controlled by a porphyry-hydrothermal metallogenetic system.
Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit is one of typical deposits related to alkali-rich intrusion of the Cenozoic in western Yunnan, so many researchers focus on the research on the alkali-rich porphyry for decades. On the basis of the full reference and absorption of the previous research results, we combine the widespread field and the indoor synthetic research work. In order to further study on the origin and petrogenesis of alkali-rich porphyries, this paper systematically makes a study of mineralogy, petrology, geochronology, petrology and geochemistry characteristics of alkali-rich porphyries. To discuss the relationship between mineralization and alkali-rich porphyries, and investigate genetic relation among various ore types, this article studies geologic features, fluid inclusions, extensive field investigation of different ore blocks, and the source of the mineralization fluid and ore-forming materials. Based on the above-mentioned research, the following conclusion is reached:
1)In this paper SHRIMP U-Pb age, TY-1(31.5±1.1Ma),TY-3(31.34±0.73 Ma) of Tanyao quartz syenite porphyry in Beiya is reported for the first time, combined with the ages reported by former researchers, which suggests that the intrusion of Beiya is formed in Cenozoic.
2) The results show that the alkali-rich porphyries in the Beiya area are shoshonitic rocks, and this suite of rocks have relatively low contents of∑REE( 40.04×10-6~298.30×10-6), enrich in LREE and lack Eu negative anomalies. Besides, they have relatively high contents of Sr, and enrich in LILE (such as Rb, Ba ,K etc.), but lack in Yb, Y and HFSE(such as Nb,Ta etc.). All characteristics mentioned above indicate that alkali-rich porphyries from Beiya are somewhat similar to adakites in geochemistry.
3)Systemtical studies on Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic characteristics in this thesis, indicate that the source region has geochemical characteristics of EMII enriched mantle. On the basis of discussion on the origin and petrogenesis, we propose that the alkali-rich porphyries in Beiya, are very likely to be originated from partial melting of the base of thickened crust, which is induced by strike-slip movement of the Jinshajiang-Red River fault caused by the late-collision of India to Asia, or related to upwelling, thermal erosion of asthenospheric melts initiated by the oblique collision and face to face intra-continental subduction between the India-Myanmar continent and the Yangtze continent. In this process, the source region has been extensively metasomatized by the fluid released from old subducted slab.
4) During the metallogenic process, the alkali-rich porphyries not only provide power and thermal energy, but also are main source for the mineralization resources and fluid resources. And we further propose that all the Beiya gold-polymetallic mineralization is controlled by a porphyry-hydrothermal metallogenetic system.
引文
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