摘要
蚕桑产业作为我国传统农耕文明的重要代表已有五千多年的悠久历史,五千多年的发展不仅创造了大量的物质财富还为我们留下了宝贵的精神财富。进入21世纪以来,我国蚕桑产业出现了由东部向中西部转移的特征。蚕桑产业转移不仅仅为丝绸工业的稳定发展提供了原料,也为中国中西部地区的农村发展和贫困地区脱贫致富发挥了巨大作用。研究蚕桑产业转移对我国中西部地区乃至全国蚕桑产业稳定发展都具有重要的现实意义。同时,在面对东部地区工业化、城镇化程度不断加快,蚕桑产业转移可能只是东部农业产业转移的一个缩影,因此该研究对完善农业产业转移研究也具有重要的理论意义。
本研究主要内容和结论:
1.国际蚕桑产业转移与发展经验研究。在介绍20世纪70年代出现的国际蚕桑产业转移背景与过程的基础上,对承接蚕桑产业转移较成功的印度、巴西进行了分析。日本蚕桑产业向外转移反映了经济发展与蚕桑发展相背,巴西的成功得益于其较好的资源禀赋和一体化经营模式,印度的发展受益于国家对蚕桑产业的扶持政策,而日本蚕桑产业的早期发展也与产业政策支持紧密相联。
2.蚕桑产业转移驱动因素的理论与实证分析。在分析工业产业转移和国际蚕桑产业转移的基础上,结合我国蚕桑产业特点,构建了一个理论分析框架,用于分析蚕桑产业转移的驱动因素。通过东西部地区土地生产率和生产成本的比较可以看出,西部地区的自然禀赋使得西部蚕区拥有比东部蚕区更高的土地生产率和更低的生产成本,从而使得西部蚕区获得了比较优势承接了蚕桑产业转移,因而自然禀赋优势是蚕桑产业转移的主要驱动因素。政府从政策和项目资金等方面为蚕桑产业转移起到较好的指导和推动作用。对东部蚕区的实证研究结果显示,城镇化发展也是蚕桑产业转移的原因,工业化对环境的改变客观上加剧了蚕桑产业的转移。
3.蚕桑产业转移对蚕茧生产和流通的影响分析。蚕桑产业转移对蚕茧生产的影响不仅仅是总量和区域产量的变化,蚕桑产业转移前后产量波动的研究结果说明,蚕桑产业转移在一定程度上减缓了蚕茧产量波动的幅度。蚕茧产量变化对市场的变化更加迅速,产业转移更有利于产业的稳定发展。蚕桑产业向中西部地区转移不仅促使西部出现了以“广西模式”为代表的更加市场化的蚕茧收购模式,而且迫使东部蚕区的蚕茧生产的供给方和需求方联合形成了新的蚕桑经营模式。
4.蚕桑产业转移对全要素生产率和产业集聚的影响分析。对我国蚕桑生产全要素生产率进行了实证分析,结果表明,蚕桑产业转移后全要素生产率增长率比转移前提高,西部蚕区的全要素生产率在转移过程中不断提高。根据蚕桑产业集聚指标分析结果,蚕桑产业转移后出现了新的蚕桑产业集聚区,集聚规模不断扩大。
本研究可能的创新点:
(1)研究对象上的创新。产业转移的研究对象一般集中在制造业和服务业类,对农业类的产业转移研究较少。本文选取蚕桑产业作为产业转移研究的对象,在研究对象上具有一定的创新性。
(2)研究内容上的创新。在涉及蚕桑产业转移的相关文献中,大多局限于描述蚕桑产业转移的结果,对蚕桑产业转移驱动因素的研究较为简单和零碎。本研究在构建蚕桑产业转移驱动因素分析框架的基础上,从自然禀赋、政府行为、城镇化和工业化的角度,对蚕桑产业转移进行了理论和实证的研究。
(3)研究方法上的创新。本文运用C-D生产函数和Malmquist指数分析了蚕桑产业转移对蚕桑生产效率的影响,比较分析了全国蚕桑产业转移前后和转移过程中各蚕区蚕桑生产全要素生产率的变化,在蚕桑产业转移研究方法上具有一定的创新性。
Sericulture industry as an important representative of traditional Chinese agricultural civilization has a5000years history. After five thousand years development, sericulture industry has not only created enormous material wealth also left a valuable spiritual wealth for china. Since twenty-first Century, our country appeared the characteristic was sericulture industry transfer from east to west. Provide raw material transfer of sericulture industry not only to the stable development of silk industry, but also to the tremendous role for China's western rural development and poverty area become rich., has very important practical significance to study the transfer of sericulture industry in economic area development of sericulture industry and the central and Western China development. At the same time, in the face of the eastern region industrialization, urbanization level is accelerating transfer of sericulture industry may be just a microcosm of the eastern (?) agricultural industry transfer, so the research on it has important theoretical significance to improve the agricultural transfer of industry.
The main contents and conclusions of this study were illustrated as following:
1. Study on international sericultural industry transfer and development experience. Based on introducing international sericultural industry transfer background and process of70years in20th century, the successful transfer of sericulture industry in India, Brazil was analyzed. Japanese sericulture industry transference reflected the economic development and the sericulture development. Brazil's success is due to its good natural resources and management model. The development of India benefited from the country support policies to sericulture industry, and the early development of sericulture industry in Japan was closely connection with industrial policy.
2. Theoretical and empirical analysis of driving factors of sericulture industry transfer. In the analysis of industrial transfer and international sericultural industry transfer driven factors, combined with the characteristics of sericulture industry, constructs the analysis framework of sericulture industry transfer driving factors. Through the comparison of land productivity and the production cost, western region the western silkworm area of had higher land productivity and lower production cost than eastern silkworm area owing to the natural endowment of western, so that the western silkworm area gained comparative advantage to achieve the transfer of sericulture industry, which is the main driving factors of sericulture industry transfer. The government from the policy and financial aspects to be better guide and promote the transfer of sericulture industry. The empirical study results of eastern silkworm area show that the urban development is the cause of sericulture industry transfer. The industrial development caused environmental changing, which objectively increased transfer of sericulture industry.
3. Analysis of sericulture industry transfer effect on cocoon production and circulation. Effect of transfer of sericulture industry on cocoon production is not only the variation of total and regional production. Based on the research of sericulture industry before and after the transfer of the output fluctuation, the results show that the transfer of sericulture industry slowed the output fluctuation. Changes of yield variation on the market more rapidly, the transfer of the industry is more advantageous to the stable development of the industry. Sericulture industry transfer to the midwest not only make the west appeared more market with "Guangxi mode" as the representative of the acquisition mode, and forced the supply side and demand side in the eastern silkworm cocoon production area connected and formed a new sericulture operation mode.
4. Analysis of sericulture industry transfer effect on industrial agglomeration and total factor productivity. TFP of China's sericulture production results reflected the growth rate of T FP after transfer was improve than before, and the TFP of Western sericultural area was continuously improve in the process of western transfer. Sericulture industry agglomeration index results reflected that there was a new industrial agglomeration after the sericulture industry transfer, and agglomeration scale was continuous improved.
Innovations of this research may be:(1) The innovation of study object. Most research concentrated on the manufacturing and services industrial transfer, and the research about industry transfer of agriculture was a few. This article selected the sericulture industry as the research object of industrial transfer, which has certain innovation.(2) The innovation of main research content. In the former research of sericulture industry transfer, the majority concentrated on the sericulture industry change results, the studies on driving factors of the sericulture industry transfer was fragmentary, the studies of the effects of sericulture industry transfer on sericulture industry were more general and simple, and lack of systematic research. In the process of constructing the analysis framework of sericulture industry transfer driving factors, the effects of natural endowments, government behavior, urbanization and industrialization on the sericulture industry transfer were analyzed, and made the theoretical and empirical research, channels.(3)Innovation on the research methods. In this paper, we using the production function method and Malmquist index method to analyze the production efficiency in the process of industrial transfer. This paper compared analysis of the changes of total factor productivity before and after the transfer of the sericulture industry and the changes of total factor productivity in every sericultural area in the process of sericulture industry transfer. the method be used here may has a little on relative innovation.
引文
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