基于机油检测方法动车组内然机磨损分析系统研究
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摘要
机械磨损是工业设备的主要问题,而润滑油是减少磨损的重要介质,多年来建立磨损与润滑油之间的关系是一个主要研究课题,也是目前研究热点。机械磨损检测涉及很多化学化工领域,也是其重要的研究问题,多年来人们致力于检测润滑油形态、组分等来监测机械设备磨损情况,并且建立许多方法,通过润滑油变化来分析检测机器设备的磨损情况。
     本文以DF11型内燃动车组为研究目标,基于机油检测方法研究分析内燃机的磨损,通过分析机车状态和润滑油的形态组分来确定机油检测因子,建立适合于DF11型内燃机的机油数据系统,用于此型内燃动车组的日常检测的磨损状况,并建立LSSVR模型和线性回归模型来分析预测内燃动车组两动车数据,对于两动车的磨合磨损对比情况有着重要的意义。
     全文共分五部分:首先介绍了油液检测技术在内燃动车组磨合磨损中的作用,综述了机油油液分析中铁谱、光谱以及油液理化指标等进展情况。第二部分阐明了内燃机磨损的原理和实验的操作方法并结合分析铁谱、直读铁谱、光谱、机油理化指标等建立了数学线性回归模型,通过内燃动车组各个动车在相同走行公里数的情况下光谱中各个元素的数值进行对比来推测判断各个动车的磨损速率情况;通过跟踪两车在某走行区段内直读铁谱中大、小磨粒的数值进行趋势图对比情况,可判断两动车的磨损严重程度。并利用最小二乘支持向量回归法对内燃动车组两动车的磨损情况建模,对两动车的拟合差值进行了分析,预测结果与实际运行结果一致。第三部分对内燃动车组机油的检测进行了系统总体的设计,运用Delphi7软件实现了两动车柴油机基本信息查询、磨合油基本信息查询、润滑油基本信息查询、修程信息查询和柴油机性能参数数据查询等功能。第四部分对内燃动车组油液的铁谱、光谱、颗粒计数器、常规理化指标等相关参数进行了计算机的分析和判定,通过内燃动车组两动车的直读铁谱中大磨粒和小磨粒的测定,并赋予公式运算,对比了各个动车的总磨损量、磨损严重度、磨损严重度指数、累积磨损量、累积磨损严重度、铁谱大磨粒百分数、铁谱小磨粒百分数等。对两动车柴油机油理化指标中粘度、闪点、石油醚不溶物、碱、水痕量的测定对比可判断各动车的机油使用状态。第五部分通过对国产“新曙光”号内燃动车组、“跨越”号内燃动车组机车的相关数据进行跟踪,结合铁谱、光谱、物理和化学指标等,运用Delphi7软件辅助分析得到了同一坐标系中光谱和铁谱磨损线性回归对比图,并对两动车在某段走行区段内的磨损速率和磨损严重情况做了定量对比值的运算,对内燃动车组两动车的磨合磨损趋势进行了验证。
Mechanical wear is the major problem for industrial equipment and lubricating oil isimportant to reduce the wear and it has been a major research topic to build up the wear andlubrication oil for many years. Mechanical wear testing involves a lot of chemistry andchemical engineering and is one of the important research problems, People committe todetect oil morphology and component to monitoring mechanical equipment wear and theestablishment many methods through the lubricating oil change to analyze wear testingmachine.
     Based on the DF11type DMUs as the research target and the analysis of internalcombustion engine wear of oil detection method, determining the oil detection factor bymorphological analysis of locomotives and lubricating oil and establishing the suitable systemof DF11oil data, it is to wear the DMUs daily detection of internal combustion engine and theestablishment of LSSVR model and linear regression method to analyze and predict the twotrain datas. It is of great significance to wear of two vehicles and wear comparison of theconclusion of the two cars as well as the other chemical mechanical wear.
     Firstly we introduced the related knowledge and oil DMUs detection technology athome and abroad, summarize the oil liquid iron spectrum analysis, spectrum and otherequipment and oil physical and chemical progress. Next we get the drawings of thecorresponding spectral trend graph and the regression chart comparison of the direct readingFerrography and spectrometric trend graph of the DMU. We can judge wearing race conditionof each motor car by tracking the spectrometric of the spectral elements of each vehicle of theDMU in the same mileage circumstances. At the same time, we get wearing serious of the twomotor cars by the big and small wear particles trend comparison of the Ferrography in thesame mileage circumstances and analysis DMU two cars wear modeling, and two cars fittingdifference by using the least square support vector regression methods. In the third part wedesign the detection of DMUs oil of the overall system and the system of the DMU oildetection, and can get diesel engine running-in oil basic information, lubricating oil basicinformation, diesel engine performance parameter data information of the two motor cars withthe help of the Delphi7software. In the forth part we analysis and judge something about thedirect reading ferrography, analysis ferrography, spectroscopy, particle counter, surfaceroughness, conventional physicochemical index and other related parameters by computer. Wecan get the information of the total wear, wear severity, severity index, cumulative wear,cumulative wear severity, large particles percentage, small particles percentage, wearrelatively serious degree basing on the large particles percentage and the small particlespercentage of the direct reading Ferrography of the each motor car of the DMU. We also canjudge the oil using state based on the comparison of the viscosity, flash point, petroleum etherinsoluble, alkali, water trace determination of the two vehicles etc. The fifth part we get the information of the wear trend graph and regression comparison chart of the spectrum andmake a quantitative value and quantitative calculation of ratio on the wear rate and wear badlyat a running segment between the two motor cars with the help of the Delphi7through thetracking of the domestic" New Dawn" DMU and "Span" DMU locomotive relevant data formore than years combined with the analysis of ferrography, direct reading ferrography,spectroscopy, physical and chemical index analysis statistically with the help of the Delphi7software. Then this puts forward a comprehensive utilization of information fusiontechnology to improve the diesel engine wearing diagnosis's reliability method.
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