乳酸菌降胆固醇作用及机理研究
|
摘要
随着生活水平的提高，胆固醇摄入过量带来的高脂血症、冠心病、动脉硬化等心血管疾病已经严重危害到人体健康。食物胆固醇被认为是继农药残留和激素之后又一个令消费者恐慌的危险因子。如何减少胆固醇摄入量，降低血液胆固醇水平的研究越来越受到广泛关注。本研究旨在筛选高效降胆固醇的乳酸菌，为进一步研制和开发机能性食品发酵剂打下基础。
藏灵菇是一种源于我国西藏等地的传统发酵奶制品，它是以新鲜牛奶为原料加入天然发酵剂(藏灵菇粒)发酵而成，制作方法与流传于东欧高加索地区的传统发酵奶制品克菲尔(Kefir)极为相似。据饮用者介绍，长期饮用藏灵菇酸奶对增强人体免疫力，抗肿瘤，降低血脂黏度、减少血清胆固醇水平等均有积极作用，但未见这方面的研究报导。本文对藏灵菇粒中的微生物分布进行分析，围绕降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选及其降解特性和机理展开系列研究，得到如下主要结果：
1．以藏灵菇粒为发酵剂发酵蛋黄，发现藏灵菇粒对蛋黄胆固醇有明显的脱除效果，脱除率为13.3％。经过长时间的富集驯化，藏灵菇粒降胆固醇能力有大幅度提高，发酵后胆固醇的脱除率上升到26.1％，脱除量从0.43mg／mL增加到0.83mg／mL。首次证明藏灵菇粒具有明确的降低胆固醇作用，可望作为降胆固醇机能性食品发酵剂加以开发利用。
2．从富集培养的藏灵菇粒中分离到11株乳杆菌(Lactobacillus spp.)、4株乳球菌(Lactococcus spp.)和4株酵母菌(yeast)。对这19株菌降胆固醇能力进行测定，发现乳球菌、酵母菌降胆固醇活性不明显，而11株乳杆菌中有10株对蛋黄胆固醇有明显的脱除效果，其中FMLA-1，FML-16的脱胆固醇效果最为显著，脱除率分别为47.5％和51.8％。此外，本实验室驯化选育的耐氧长双歧杆菌BL-1192(Bifidobacterium longum)也被证明有很强的降胆固醇活性(脱除率60.8％)。
3．对筛选出的两株高效降胆固醇乳杆菌FML-16、FMLA-1用VITEK-32全自动微生物分析系统结合形态和生理生化特征进行鉴定，结果表明FML-16、FMLA-1均为干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)。
4．采用喂养法建立高脂血症动物模型，评价干酪乳杆菌FMLA-1、FML-16，长双歧杆菌BL-1192的降血脂功效。用含猪油、胆固醇、胆盐、甲基硫氧嘧啶的高脂饲料饲喂小鼠，10天后成功地复制了小鼠高脂血症模型。与饲喂基础日食的对照组比较，受试小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)水平约上升了1.00mmol／L(P＜0.01)，甘油三酯(TG)值约升高了0.3mmol／L(P＜0.05)，但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量在此期间变化
乳酸菌降胆固醇作用及机理研究
不大。同时，高脂小鼠动脉硬化指数（AI）从 0．32增加到 1．05（P＜0．of），HDL－C／TC
值自0．76下降至0．48（P＜0．05）。
5．与灌胃生理盐水的高脂小鼠比较，灌胃干酪乳杆菌FMLA－1、FML－16，长双歧
杆菌队一119 2菌体后，高血脂＊、鼠血清n、TG水平明显下降。灌胃14天后，。］、鼠血
清n、比水平恢复到高脂饲料饲喂前的水平，比灌胃生理盐水的对照组约低1．5
mmo儿和0．6mmo几（P＜O．01）；而m卜C含量有上升的趋势。同时，灌胃菌体后AI
值很快下降到 0．25－0．38（P＜0．01）之间，HDL－C／TC值回升到 0．75左右（P＜0．05）。
但体外不降胆固醇的菌株刚二人一3灌胃后，小鼠的血脂水平和高脂组间的差异不明显。
这些结果证明，具有体外降胆固醇活性的FMLA－1、FML－16、BL－11 92对小鼠高脂血症
表现出较好的治疗效果。
6．胆固醇同化和沉淀分析表明，在含胆盐、蛋黄的血卜TmO中，刚卜16、刚M－1、
BL－1192均表现出胆固醇同化作用和胆盐共沉淀作用，但强度有所不同。对刚L－16、
FMLA－1而言，同4匕作用（25％左右）略强于共沉淀作用（20％左右），而 BL－1192的胆
盐共沉淀能力（42％）明显高于同化能力（18％）。高胆固醇环境下生长的 FML－16、FMLA－1
菌体对超声波的抗性有所增加，同样强度超声波处理，细胞存活率高出25％左右，间
接说明有部分胆固醇同化到细胞中。胆盐对菌株降胆固醇能力的影响很大，没有胆盐
存在时，三菌不表现降胆固醇活性，添加胆盐后菌株立即表现出胆固醇脱除能力，且
随着胆盐浓度增加，胆固醇脱除率明显上升，胆盐浓度在0．3－0．4％时菌株降胆固醇活
性最强。综上所述，初步判断刚L－16、FMLA－1、BL－119 2降胆固醇作用是由于j旦盐存
在条件下菌体同化和胆盐共沉淀共同作用所致。
According to the latest census, heart disease is the number one cause of death in many countries. Reduction of total plasma cholesterol can lower the incidence of coronary heart diseases in that people suffering from primary hypercholesterolemia. Because of the associated risk of heart disease, there has been an upsurge in finding ways to lower plasma cholesterol levels in such people. Several studies have indicated that consumption of certain lactic acid bacteria and its cultured dairy products resulted in reduction of serum cholesterol levels, and some Lactobacillus spp. can also reduce cholesterol from medium during growth in vitro.
ZangLingGu (ZLG), a Tibet traditional yoghurt-like dairy fermented by natural formed ZLG grains, has been handed down to us from ancient times. A variety of potential beneficial effects about ZLG have already been described, such as improvement of host resistance by immunomodulation, depress of serum cholesterol levels and reduction of tumor formation. However, these are not systematic studies on hypocholesterolaemic effects of ZLG grains and its fermented milk. This paper research on the cholesterol-reducing ability and mechanisms of strains isolated from ZLG grains. The main results include:
1. Determined cholesterol-reducing ability of ZLG grains, and found it could reduce 13.3% cholesterol from egg yolk. Tamed it with high-cholesterol skim milk supplemented with egg yolk and improved its cholesterol-reducing ability . The cholesterol removed form medium after 24h incubation with ZLG grains varied from 3.24mg/mL to 2.81mg/mL when it was been tamed to 40 generations.
2. 11 Lactobacillus spp. strains, 4 Lactococcus spp.strains and 4 yeast strains were isolated from tamed ZLG grains. Cholesterol-reducing ability of those strains differed significantly and most Lactobacillus spp. could reduce cholesterol from medium. Two strains, FML-16, FMLA-1 were selected for next research, which could reduce 51.8%, 47.5% cholesterol form egg yolk . And Bifidobacterium longum BL-1192 was selected at the same time for its ability reducing 60.8% cholesterol from medium.
3. According to their morphological and physiological characters, FML-16, FMLA-1 were identified as Lactobacillus casei. Identification results of these two isolates by
bacteria auto-analytical system showed the same conclusion.
4. The health effects of FML-16, FMLA-1, BL-1192 on serum cholesterol levels were demonstrated in vivo by hyperlipemial mice. Feeding mice with high-cholesterol food supplemented with bile salt, fat, etc, we succeeded in inducing hyperlipemial mice model. Compared with normal mice, the total serum cholesterol (TC) concentration, triglyceride (TG) concentration of those increased significantly after 10 days running ,but high density cholesterol (HDL-C) had very little change. At the same time, an increase in the atherogenic index (AI) were observed, and HDL-C/TC value decreased significantly.
5. The effects of L.casei FML-16, FMLA-1, B.longum BL-1192 and Lactobacillus sp. FMLA-3 on serum TC, TG , HDL-C concentration were investigated in artificially-induced hyperlipemial mice. The results showed that the mean values of TC, TG concentrations and atherogenic index were decreased significantly when FML-16, FMLA-1, BL1192 strains were administrated to mice after 14 days running , and HDL-C concentration, HDL-C/TC value increased obviously at the same time. However, Lactobacillus sp.FMLA-3, which could not remove cholesterol in vitro had no effects on serum TC , TG and HDL-C levels of hyperlipemial mice.
6. Studied on the mechanism of the cholesterol-reducing ability of L.casei FML-16, FMLA-1 , B.longum BL-1192 , includes: analysis of cholesterol assimilation and precipitation; effects of bile salts concentrations on cholesterol-reducing; cells resistance to lysis by ultrasonic when cultured in the presence of bile salts and cholesterol or not. The result proved that those three strains differed significantly in the amount of cholesterol
藏灵菇是一种源于我国西藏等地的传统发酵奶制品，它是以新鲜牛奶为原料加入天然发酵剂(藏灵菇粒)发酵而成，制作方法与流传于东欧高加索地区的传统发酵奶制品克菲尔(Kefir)极为相似。据饮用者介绍，长期饮用藏灵菇酸奶对增强人体免疫力，抗肿瘤，降低血脂黏度、减少血清胆固醇水平等均有积极作用，但未见这方面的研究报导。本文对藏灵菇粒中的微生物分布进行分析，围绕降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选及其降解特性和机理展开系列研究，得到如下主要结果：
1．以藏灵菇粒为发酵剂发酵蛋黄，发现藏灵菇粒对蛋黄胆固醇有明显的脱除效果，脱除率为13.3％。经过长时间的富集驯化，藏灵菇粒降胆固醇能力有大幅度提高，发酵后胆固醇的脱除率上升到26.1％，脱除量从0.43mg／mL增加到0.83mg／mL。首次证明藏灵菇粒具有明确的降低胆固醇作用，可望作为降胆固醇机能性食品发酵剂加以开发利用。
2．从富集培养的藏灵菇粒中分离到11株乳杆菌(Lactobacillus spp.)、4株乳球菌(Lactococcus spp.)和4株酵母菌(yeast)。对这19株菌降胆固醇能力进行测定，发现乳球菌、酵母菌降胆固醇活性不明显，而11株乳杆菌中有10株对蛋黄胆固醇有明显的脱除效果，其中FMLA-1，FML-16的脱胆固醇效果最为显著，脱除率分别为47.5％和51.8％。此外，本实验室驯化选育的耐氧长双歧杆菌BL-1192(Bifidobacterium longum)也被证明有很强的降胆固醇活性(脱除率60.8％)。
3．对筛选出的两株高效降胆固醇乳杆菌FML-16、FMLA-1用VITEK-32全自动微生物分析系统结合形态和生理生化特征进行鉴定，结果表明FML-16、FMLA-1均为干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)。
4．采用喂养法建立高脂血症动物模型，评价干酪乳杆菌FMLA-1、FML-16，长双歧杆菌BL-1192的降血脂功效。用含猪油、胆固醇、胆盐、甲基硫氧嘧啶的高脂饲料饲喂小鼠，10天后成功地复制了小鼠高脂血症模型。与饲喂基础日食的对照组比较，受试小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)水平约上升了1.00mmol／L(P＜0.01)，甘油三酯(TG)值约升高了0.3mmol／L(P＜0.05)，但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量在此期间变化
乳酸菌降胆固醇作用及机理研究
不大。同时，高脂小鼠动脉硬化指数（AI）从 0．32增加到 1．05（P＜0．of），HDL－C／TC
值自0．76下降至0．48（P＜0．05）。
5．与灌胃生理盐水的高脂小鼠比较，灌胃干酪乳杆菌FMLA－1、FML－16，长双歧
杆菌队一119 2菌体后，高血脂＊、鼠血清n、TG水平明显下降。灌胃14天后，。］、鼠血
清n、比水平恢复到高脂饲料饲喂前的水平，比灌胃生理盐水的对照组约低1．5
mmo儿和0．6mmo几（P＜O．01）；而m卜C含量有上升的趋势。同时，灌胃菌体后AI
值很快下降到 0．25－0．38（P＜0．01）之间，HDL－C／TC值回升到 0．75左右（P＜0．05）。
但体外不降胆固醇的菌株刚二人一3灌胃后，小鼠的血脂水平和高脂组间的差异不明显。
这些结果证明，具有体外降胆固醇活性的FMLA－1、FML－16、BL－11 92对小鼠高脂血症
表现出较好的治疗效果。
6．胆固醇同化和沉淀分析表明，在含胆盐、蛋黄的血卜TmO中，刚卜16、刚M－1、
BL－1192均表现出胆固醇同化作用和胆盐共沉淀作用，但强度有所不同。对刚L－16、
FMLA－1而言，同4匕作用（25％左右）略强于共沉淀作用（20％左右），而 BL－1192的胆
盐共沉淀能力（42％）明显高于同化能力（18％）。高胆固醇环境下生长的 FML－16、FMLA－1
菌体对超声波的抗性有所增加，同样强度超声波处理，细胞存活率高出25％左右，间
接说明有部分胆固醇同化到细胞中。胆盐对菌株降胆固醇能力的影响很大，没有胆盐
存在时，三菌不表现降胆固醇活性，添加胆盐后菌株立即表现出胆固醇脱除能力，且
随着胆盐浓度增加，胆固醇脱除率明显上升，胆盐浓度在0．3－0．4％时菌株降胆固醇活
性最强。综上所述，初步判断刚L－16、FMLA－1、BL－119 2降胆固醇作用是由于j旦盐存
在条件下菌体同化和胆盐共沉淀共同作用所致。
According to the latest census, heart disease is the number one cause of death in many countries. Reduction of total plasma cholesterol can lower the incidence of coronary heart diseases in that people suffering from primary hypercholesterolemia. Because of the associated risk of heart disease, there has been an upsurge in finding ways to lower plasma cholesterol levels in such people. Several studies have indicated that consumption of certain lactic acid bacteria and its cultured dairy products resulted in reduction of serum cholesterol levels, and some Lactobacillus spp. can also reduce cholesterol from medium during growth in vitro.
ZangLingGu (ZLG), a Tibet traditional yoghurt-like dairy fermented by natural formed ZLG grains, has been handed down to us from ancient times. A variety of potential beneficial effects about ZLG have already been described, such as improvement of host resistance by immunomodulation, depress of serum cholesterol levels and reduction of tumor formation. However, these are not systematic studies on hypocholesterolaemic effects of ZLG grains and its fermented milk. This paper research on the cholesterol-reducing ability and mechanisms of strains isolated from ZLG grains. The main results include:
1. Determined cholesterol-reducing ability of ZLG grains, and found it could reduce 13.3% cholesterol from egg yolk. Tamed it with high-cholesterol skim milk supplemented with egg yolk and improved its cholesterol-reducing ability . The cholesterol removed form medium after 24h incubation with ZLG grains varied from 3.24mg/mL to 2.81mg/mL when it was been tamed to 40 generations.
2. 11 Lactobacillus spp. strains, 4 Lactococcus spp.strains and 4 yeast strains were isolated from tamed ZLG grains. Cholesterol-reducing ability of those strains differed significantly and most Lactobacillus spp. could reduce cholesterol from medium. Two strains, FML-16, FMLA-1 were selected for next research, which could reduce 51.8%, 47.5% cholesterol form egg yolk . And Bifidobacterium longum BL-1192 was selected at the same time for its ability reducing 60.8% cholesterol from medium.
3. According to their morphological and physiological characters, FML-16, FMLA-1 were identified as Lactobacillus casei. Identification results of these two isolates by
bacteria auto-analytical system showed the same conclusion.
4. The health effects of FML-16, FMLA-1, BL-1192 on serum cholesterol levels were demonstrated in vivo by hyperlipemial mice. Feeding mice with high-cholesterol food supplemented with bile salt, fat, etc, we succeeded in inducing hyperlipemial mice model. Compared with normal mice, the total serum cholesterol (TC) concentration, triglyceride (TG) concentration of those increased significantly after 10 days running ,but high density cholesterol (HDL-C) had very little change. At the same time, an increase in the atherogenic index (AI) were observed, and HDL-C/TC value decreased significantly.
5. The effects of L.casei FML-16, FMLA-1, B.longum BL-1192 and Lactobacillus sp. FMLA-3 on serum TC, TG , HDL-C concentration were investigated in artificially-induced hyperlipemial mice. The results showed that the mean values of TC, TG concentrations and atherogenic index were decreased significantly when FML-16, FMLA-1, BL1192 strains were administrated to mice after 14 days running , and HDL-C concentration, HDL-C/TC value increased obviously at the same time. However, Lactobacillus sp.FMLA-3, which could not remove cholesterol in vitro had no effects on serum TC , TG and HDL-C levels of hyperlipemial mice.
6. Studied on the mechanism of the cholesterol-reducing ability of L.casei FML-16, FMLA-1 , B.longum BL-1192 , includes: analysis of cholesterol assimilation and precipitation; effects of bile salts concentrations on cholesterol-reducing; cells resistance to lysis by ultrasonic when cultured in the presence of bile salts and cholesterol or not. The result proved that those three strains differed significantly in the amount of cholesterol
引文
1 于守洋，崔洪斌．中国保健食品的进展．北京，人民卫生出版社，2001：408-435
2 郑建仙．功能性食品．第三卷．北京，中国轻工业出版社，2001：275-289
3 马美荣，诸葛健．微生物来源的降胆固醇药物研究进展．中国新药杂志，1999，8(9)：603-606．
4 任邦哲等．生物化学与临床医学．长沙，湖南科学技术出版社，1992：202-206
5 郭文．胆汁酸代谢的进展．国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册，1996，16(1)：18-20．
6 吴莺，姚惠源．米糠半纤维素降胆固醇机理的研究．粮食与油脂，2001，1：33-35
7 Parmentier. G and Eyssen. H, Biochem Biophys. Acta., 1974, 348: 279
8 闻之梅，陈君石等译．现代营养学．北京，人民卫生出版社，1998：410-415．
9 洪智勇，毛宁．红曲霉降胆固醇有效成分的研究．海峡药学，2002，14(1)：33-35．
10 鲁红军．食品中胆固醇的微胶囊脱除技术．食品科学，1997，6：47-48
11 Watanabe. K. Shimizu. H and Aihara. H. et al., Isolationand identification of cholesterol degradation Rhodococcus strains from food of animal origin, and their cholesterol oxidase., J. General Appl. Microbiol., 1986, 32: 137-147.
12 Chang-HsiShan, Wanng-JiaIng, Chang-PingPinng et al., Studies on the isolation and identification of Rhodococcus equi NCHU1 and it's egg yolk cholesterol degradation., Taiwanese J Agri. Chem. Food Sci., 2000, 38: 555-564
13 牛天贵，吕莹，蔡同一等，降解食品中胆固醇的芽孢杆菌T12-1的筛选与应用研究，中国农业大学学报，2001，6(1)：74-78
14 Horvath. J.A.Kramli. Nature (London), 1947, 160: 639
15 William. N., Ender. The Journal of Biological Chemistry., 1988, 263: 11844-11850.
16 Lubert，Strye著．唐有祺，张惠珠等译．生物化学．北京，北京大学出版社，1996：363
17 Murohisa. T. Tida. M., Microbical degration of 19-Hydroxy-sterol side chains. J Ferm. Bioengi., 1993, 75: 13-17
18 Owen. R. W. J. Lipid. Res., 1983, 24 (11): 1500-1511
19 Chshristodoiou.S, Hong.Y.V,Trewell.M.A et al, Enzymatic degradation of egg yolk cholesterol., J Food Protection,1994,57(10):908-912
20 Johnson.Tand Somkuti.G.A., Properties of cholesterol dissimilation by Rhodococcus equi., J Food Protection, 1990, 53: 332-335
21 Aihara. H, Watanabe. k and Nakamura. R., Degradation of cholesterol in egg yolk by Rhodococcus equi NO23., J. Food Sci., 1988, 53: 659-660
22 Mann.G.V., Spoerry. A.Study of surfactant and cholesteremia in the Massi. Am J Clin Nutr., 1974, 27: 464-469.
23 Gilliland.S.E.,Speck M.L.De-conjugation of bile acids by intestinal Lactobacilli. Appl Environ Microbiol., 1977, 33: 15-18
24 Gilliland.S.E,Nelson.C.R and Maxwell. C, Assilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl.Envi.Micr.,1985,49:377-381
25 Rasic J. L.,Vujicic.L.F.,Skringer.M. et al. Assilation of cholesterol by some culture of Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria.,Biotechnol Lett.,1992,14:39-44
26 Gilliland.S.E.,Walker.D.E,Facters to consider when selecting a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to product a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans., J Dairy Sci, 1990, 73: 905-911
27 Klaver F.A.M.,and R.Van der Meer., The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their salt-deconjugaring activity.,1993,Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 59:1120-1124
28 Lin.S.Y.,Ayres.J.W.,William.,Winkler.J.R.,et al.Lactobacillus effect on cholesterol: in vitro and in vivo results. J Dairy Sci,1989, 72: 2885-2889.
29 Buck.L.M.,Gilliland.S.E.Comparisons of freshly isolated strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus of human intestinal origin for ability to assimilate cholesterol during growth. J Dairy Sci, 1994, 77: 2925-2933.
30 Walker. D.K.,Gilliland.S.E.Relationships among bile tolerance、bile salt de-conjugation and assimilate of cholesterol by lactobacillus acidophilus. J Dairy Sci, 1993, 76: 956-961.
31 Brashears.M.M., Gilliland.S.E., Buck.L.M. Bile salt deconjugation and cholesterol removal from media by Lactobacillus casei. J Dairy Sci, 1998, 81: 2103-2110.
32 Grill.J.P.Cayuela.c.,Antoine.J.M.et al.Effects of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Bifidobacterium breve on cholesterol. Lett Appl Microbiol.,1990, 31:154-156.
33 Taranto.M.P.Sesm.A.F.Bile salt hydrolase plays a key role on cholesterol removal by Lactobacillus reuteri.Biotechnol Lett,1997,19:845-849
34 Tannock.G.M.Tangerman.A.Schaik.A.V.et al.Deconjugation of bile acids by Lactobacilli in the mouse small bowel. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994, 60: 3419-3420.
35 Cardoan.M.E.,Midtvedt.T.,Norin.,et al.Probioties in gnotobtic mice. Microbiol Ecology in Health and Disease.2000,12:219-224.
36 Dora.I.A.,Preeira.,Glenn R G.Cholesterol assimilation by Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria isolated from the human gut. Appl. Envi. Micr.2002,9: 4689-4693.
37 顾瑞霞，谢继志．乳酸菌与人体保健[M]．北京；科学出版社，1995：111-122
38 Christiaens H.Leer R.J.Pouwels. P.H.et al. Cloning and expression of a conjugated bile acid hydrolase gene from Lactobacillus plantarum by using a direct plate assay. Appl. Envi. Micr., 2002, 9: 4689-4693.
39 Hiroshi Tanaka., Honoo Hashiba., Jan Kok. et al. Bile acid hydrolase of Bifidobacterium longum biochemical and genetic characterization. Appl. Envi. Micr., 2000, 6: 2502-2512.
40 Jean.P.G.Francois.S.et al.Purification and characterization of conjugated bile acid hydrolase form Bifidobacterium longum BB536. Appl. Envi. Micr., 1995, 7: 2577-2582.
41 Khalid T. Jean. P. G. et al. Involvement of trihydroxyconjugated bile salts in cholesterol assimilation by Bifidobacteria. Curr Micro, 1997, 34: 79-84.
42 A.Sibel Akalin. Siddikgonc. Selmin. Duzel. Influence of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in mice. 1997 J Dairy Sci 80.11: 2721-2725
43 Grunewald K.K.Serum cholesterol level in rats fed skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Food Sci, 1982, 47: 2078-2079
44 Mohan. B. Kaninel. R.Natarajan. A. et al. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth nitrogen utilization and serum cholesterol in broier S.[J] Br J Nutir. 1996, 76: 857
45 Roos D.E. Schouten. G. Katane M. B. Yougurt enriched with L.acidophilus doesn't lower blood lipid in healthy men and women with nomal to borderline high serum cholesterol levels [J]. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998, 53: 277-281.
46 Barbara M.Maria. R.G. The use of probiotics in Medical practice. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2001, 16: 531-536.
47 Thompson L.V. Jenkins D.J.et al. The effect of fermented and unfermented milks on serum cholesterol. Am.J.Clin.Nutr.1982(36):1160.
48 Moussa S.Z.Salama.F.M.Taha.N.A.Effect of fresh cow's milk and some fermented milk products on rat serum cholesterol, Trigly cerides, total lipids and lipoprotein levels. Egypt.J.Dairy Sci,(23):69
49 江正强，用胆固醇氧化酶脱除猪油中的胆固醇，中国农业大学学报，1996，1(12)：100-101
50 Kannel W.B.Castelli W.P.Cordon.T.Serum cholesterol lipopteins, the risk of coronary heart disease.The Framingham study.Ann.Intern.Med.1971,74:1
51 Mott G.E.et ai. Lowering of serum cholesterol by intestina Ibacteria in cholesterol-fed pigets. [J]. lipids,1993(8):428
52 Fukushima. Nakano M.Effect of a mixture of organisms, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Streptococcus faecalis on cholesterol metablism in rats fed on a fat and cholesterol-enriched diet [J]. Br J Nutr, 1996, 76: 857
53 Khedkar. C. D. Garge R.D. Mantri J. M. et al. Effect of feeding acidophilus milk on serum cholesterol in human volunteers of 50-60 years. 1993, J.Dairying Food home Sci 12:33
54 Grunewald.K.K and Mitchell. K. Serum cholesterol levels in mice fed fermented and unfermentedacidophilus milk. 1983,46:315.J Food protection.
55 Grunewald K.K.Serum cholesterol levels in rat fed skim milk fermented by L.acidophilus.1982, J.Food.Sci,47:2078
56 Rao D.R. Chawan C.B. and Pulusani. Influence of milk and Thermophilus milk on plasma cholesterol levels and hepatic cholesterogenesis in rats. 1981. J. Food Sci, 14-1339.
57 Dambekodi P. C. and Gilliland S.E. Incorporation of cholesterol into the cellula membrane of Bifidobacterium longum. J dairy Sci. 1998, 81: 1818-1824
58 Don.D.O.S.H.Kim and S.E.Gilliland. Incorporation of cholesterol into the cell membrane of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121. J Dairy Sci, 1997, 80: 3107-3113.
59 Thorne K.D.Barker.d.C.The occurrence of bactoprenol in the mesosome and plasma membranes of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. J Gen Microbiol., 1972, 70: 87
60 张佳程，骆承痒，乳酸菌对食品中胆固醇的脱除效果的研究，食品科学，1998，19：20—22
61 Kociubinski. G.Perez P.Antoni. G et al., Screening of bile resistance and bile precipitation in lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria., J Food Protection, 1999, 62: 905-912
62 Solis P.B.Lemmonier. D.Induction of human cytokines to bacteria used in dairy foods. Nutr Res, 1993,13:1127-1140.
63 季文明，张和春，王武．胆固醇氧化酶基因的克隆与表达，微生物学通报，2000，27(3)：224-227
64 Fujishiro.Kinya.ota Toshio,jpn.Kokai Tokkyyo Koho JP 1992, 14:210
65 Lui,Chow, Lo,Journal of industrial Microbiology,1996,16(4):257-260
66 Somkuti,Solaiman.Current Microbiology,1997,43(3):180-185
67 Rossi.Letters in Applied Microbiology 26(2):101-104
68 王成涛．原生质体融合技术构建降解胆固醇的乳酸菌．中国农业大学硕士毕业论文．
69 Akiba.t.,Japanese patent 90-18064,1990
70 Situmorang M.Alexander.P.W.Talanta.,Oxford,1999,49(3):639-649
71 Coleman J.P.,and L.L.Hudson.Cloning and characterization of a conjugated bile acid hydrolase gene from Clostridium perfringens.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.1995, 61:2514-2520.
72 Stellwag E.J.Hylemon P.B.Purification and characterization of bile salt hydrolase from Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis.Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 452: 165-176
73 Nair P.P.Cordon G. and Reback J. The enzymatic cleavage of the carbon-nitrogen bond in 3α, 7 α,17α-tri-hydroxy-5 β-cholan-24-oyl-glycine. J Biol.Chem.1993,242:7-11.
74 Kawamoto.K.Horibe.H.Vrchida.K.Purification and characterization of a new hydrolase for conjugated bile acid,chenodeoxycholytaurine hydrolase from Bacteroides vulgatus.J Biochim. 1989,106:1049-1053.
75 Lundeen.S.G.Savage.D.C.Characterization and purification of bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus sp.strain 100-100. J Bacteriol.1990,172:4171-4177.
76 Lundeen.S.G.Savage.D.C.Multiple forms of bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus sp.strain 100-100.J Bacteriol.1992,172:121-126.
77 Chikai.T.H. Nakao.and K.Uchida.Deconjugation of bile acid by human intestinal bacteria implanted in germ-free rats. Lipid, 1987, 22:669-671.
78 De Smet I.P. Deboever. and W.Verstraete. Cholesterol lowering in pigs through enchanted bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity.Br.J.Nurr.1998,79:185-194.
79 De Smet I.L. Vanhoorde N. et al. In vitro study of bile salt hydrolase activity of bile salt hydrolase isogenic Lactobacillus plantarum 80 strains and estimation of cholesterol lowering through enchanted bile salt hydrolase activity. Microbiol. Ecol. Health Dis, 1994, 7: 315-329.
80 郭本恒．功能性乳制品．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1999．
81 D.A.Jaspers.Linda.K.M.and Lloyd.D.L.Effect of consuming yogurts prepared with three culture strains on human serum lipoproteins. J Food Sci., 1984,49:1178-1181
82 韩俊华．盛晓甘等．乳酸菌降胆固醇作用的研究现状，中国乳品工业，2002，30(3)：16-20
于景华，张玉洁等．食品中胆固醇脱除工艺的研究，中国乳品工业，1999，27(40)：16-19
83 张佳程，骆承痒，生物方法降低胆固醇的研究趋势，食品科学，1997，18(11)：50-53
84 吴肖．刘通讯，乳与胆固醇，中国乳品工业，2000，28(5)：34-36
85 郑坚．乳酸菌对血脂的影响，黄冈师范学院学报，2002(3)：50-53
86 香卫钦，于舒宁，一株能降胆固醇的乳酸菌的选育，生物技术，2001，11(5)：42-43
87 张佳程．骆承痒．直接皂化-比色法测定食品中的胆固醇的研究，食品和发酵工业，26(3)：35-39
88 王慧云，鸡蛋中胆固醇的快速测定方法的研究，食品科学，1995，16(6)：58-59
89 Pasin G.Rapid determination of total cholesterol in egg yolk using commercial diagnostic cholesterol reagent. Food Chemistry., 1998, 61: 255-259.
90 杨洁彬，凌代文，郭兴华等主编，乳酸菌-生物学基础及应用，北京，中国轻工业出版社．
91 Rudel L.L.and M.D.Morris. Determination of cholesterol using o-phthaladethyde.J Lipid Res 1973,14:364-366
92 凌代云，东秀株．乳酸细菌分类鉴定及实验方法．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998．
93 John G.Holt.et al. Bergy's manual of determinative bacteriology. Ninth Edition.
94 Buchanan R．E．et al．伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册(第八版)中文版
95 俞俊棠，唐孝宣等．生物工艺学．上海，华东工学院出版社，1991：12-23
96 东秀珠，蔡妙英等．常见细菌鉴定手册．北京，科学出版社，2001．
97 张纪忠．微生物分类学．上海，复旦大学出版社，1990：368-406
98 孙敬方．高脂血症的动物模型[J]．上海实验动物科学，1995，15(4)：240-242．
99 袁杰利，矫东风等．屎肠球菌DM891129菌株对大鼠高血脂症的调节作用[J]．中国微生态学杂志，1999，11(6)：377-378．
100 黄锡全，吴志勇等．L．SP.HXQ001菌对家兔血清胆固醇的影响[J]．中国微生态学杂志，2001，13(1)：55-56．
101 Akalin A.S. Gonc S, et al. Influence of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in mice. J Dairy sci, 1997, 80(2): 2721-2725.
102 Lin S. Y. ayres J. W. Willia. Winkler J. R., et al. Lactobacillus effects on cholesterol: in vitro and in vivo results. J Dairy sci, 1989, 72(2): 2882-2889.
103 Shap. N.P, Some beneficial effect of probiotic bacteria. Biosci. Micr., 2000, 19(2): 99-106
104 Fukushima. M, Nakano.M., Effect of organisms, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Streptococcus faecalis on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed on a fat and cholesterol-enriched diet., British J Nutrition., 1996, 76: 857-867
105 Suzuki Y. H. Kaizu., and Y Yanauchi. Effect of cultured milk on serum cholesterol concentrations in rats which fed high-cholesterol diet. Anim. Sci.Tech.,1991,62:565.
106 张香美．双歧杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌混合培养时的微生态研究．南京农业大学硕士学位论文．1998
107 潘孝仁．高脂蛋白血症．中国大百科全书．现代医学卷．北京，中国大百科全书出版社，1993，425-428．
108 Dekker R.R., R.Van Der Meer and C.Olieman. Sensitive pulsed amperometic detection of free and conjugated bile acids in combination with gradient reversed-phase HPLC. Chromatographia., 1991, 31:549-553.
109 Pereira.D.I.Gibson.G.R.Effects of consumption of probiotics and prebiotics on serum lipid level in humans.Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol.,2002,37 (4):259-281.
110 Usman.Hosona.A.Binding of cholesterol to the cells and peptidoglycan of Lactobacillus gasseri. Milchwissenchaft.
111 哈斯苏荣，阿木古楞等．酸马奶及其医学价值．中国中药杂志．2003，28：11-14．
112 贺银凤，李少英等．酸马奶酒中微生物的分离鉴定及抗菌特性的研究．农业工程学报，2002，18：93-97．
113 张列兵，刘鹏，周伟朋等．开菲尔粒表面超微结构及微生物在开菲尔粒表面分布的研究．中国乳品工业，1998，24(6)：42-44．
2 郑建仙．功能性食品．第三卷．北京，中国轻工业出版社，2001：275-289
3 马美荣，诸葛健．微生物来源的降胆固醇药物研究进展．中国新药杂志，1999，8(9)：603-606．
4 任邦哲等．生物化学与临床医学．长沙，湖南科学技术出版社，1992：202-206
5 郭文．胆汁酸代谢的进展．国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册，1996，16(1)：18-20．
6 吴莺，姚惠源．米糠半纤维素降胆固醇机理的研究．粮食与油脂，2001，1：33-35
7 Parmentier. G and Eyssen. H, Biochem Biophys. Acta., 1974, 348: 279
8 闻之梅，陈君石等译．现代营养学．北京，人民卫生出版社，1998：410-415．
9 洪智勇，毛宁．红曲霉降胆固醇有效成分的研究．海峡药学，2002，14(1)：33-35．
10 鲁红军．食品中胆固醇的微胶囊脱除技术．食品科学，1997，6：47-48
11 Watanabe. K. Shimizu. H and Aihara. H. et al., Isolationand identification of cholesterol degradation Rhodococcus strains from food of animal origin, and their cholesterol oxidase., J. General Appl. Microbiol., 1986, 32: 137-147.
12 Chang-HsiShan, Wanng-JiaIng, Chang-PingPinng et al., Studies on the isolation and identification of Rhodococcus equi NCHU1 and it's egg yolk cholesterol degradation., Taiwanese J Agri. Chem. Food Sci., 2000, 38: 555-564
13 牛天贵，吕莹，蔡同一等，降解食品中胆固醇的芽孢杆菌T12-1的筛选与应用研究，中国农业大学学报，2001，6(1)：74-78
14 Horvath. J.A.Kramli. Nature (London), 1947, 160: 639
15 William. N., Ender. The Journal of Biological Chemistry., 1988, 263: 11844-11850.
16 Lubert，Strye著．唐有祺，张惠珠等译．生物化学．北京，北京大学出版社，1996：363
17 Murohisa. T. Tida. M., Microbical degration of 19-Hydroxy-sterol side chains. J Ferm. Bioengi., 1993, 75: 13-17
18 Owen. R. W. J. Lipid. Res., 1983, 24 (11): 1500-1511
19 Chshristodoiou.S, Hong.Y.V,Trewell.M.A et al, Enzymatic degradation of egg yolk cholesterol., J Food Protection,1994,57(10):908-912
20 Johnson.Tand Somkuti.G.A., Properties of cholesterol dissimilation by Rhodococcus equi., J Food Protection, 1990, 53: 332-335
21 Aihara. H, Watanabe. k and Nakamura. R., Degradation of cholesterol in egg yolk by Rhodococcus equi NO23., J. Food Sci., 1988, 53: 659-660
22 Mann.G.V., Spoerry. A.Study of surfactant and cholesteremia in the Massi. Am J Clin Nutr., 1974, 27: 464-469.
23 Gilliland.S.E.,Speck M.L.De-conjugation of bile acids by intestinal Lactobacilli. Appl Environ Microbiol., 1977, 33: 15-18
24 Gilliland.S.E,Nelson.C.R and Maxwell. C, Assilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl.Envi.Micr.,1985,49:377-381
25 Rasic J. L.,Vujicic.L.F.,Skringer.M. et al. Assilation of cholesterol by some culture of Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria.,Biotechnol Lett.,1992,14:39-44
26 Gilliland.S.E.,Walker.D.E,Facters to consider when selecting a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to product a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans., J Dairy Sci, 1990, 73: 905-911
27 Klaver F.A.M.,and R.Van der Meer., The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their salt-deconjugaring activity.,1993,Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 59:1120-1124
28 Lin.S.Y.,Ayres.J.W.,William.,Winkler.J.R.,et al.Lactobacillus effect on cholesterol: in vitro and in vivo results. J Dairy Sci,1989, 72: 2885-2889.
29 Buck.L.M.,Gilliland.S.E.Comparisons of freshly isolated strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus of human intestinal origin for ability to assimilate cholesterol during growth. J Dairy Sci, 1994, 77: 2925-2933.
30 Walker. D.K.,Gilliland.S.E.Relationships among bile tolerance、bile salt de-conjugation and assimilate of cholesterol by lactobacillus acidophilus. J Dairy Sci, 1993, 76: 956-961.
31 Brashears.M.M., Gilliland.S.E., Buck.L.M. Bile salt deconjugation and cholesterol removal from media by Lactobacillus casei. J Dairy Sci, 1998, 81: 2103-2110.
32 Grill.J.P.Cayuela.c.,Antoine.J.M.et al.Effects of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Bifidobacterium breve on cholesterol. Lett Appl Microbiol.,1990, 31:154-156.
33 Taranto.M.P.Sesm.A.F.Bile salt hydrolase plays a key role on cholesterol removal by Lactobacillus reuteri.Biotechnol Lett,1997,19:845-849
34 Tannock.G.M.Tangerman.A.Schaik.A.V.et al.Deconjugation of bile acids by Lactobacilli in the mouse small bowel. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994, 60: 3419-3420.
35 Cardoan.M.E.,Midtvedt.T.,Norin.,et al.Probioties in gnotobtic mice. Microbiol Ecology in Health and Disease.2000,12:219-224.
36 Dora.I.A.,Preeira.,Glenn R G.Cholesterol assimilation by Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria isolated from the human gut. Appl. Envi. Micr.2002,9: 4689-4693.
37 顾瑞霞，谢继志．乳酸菌与人体保健[M]．北京；科学出版社，1995：111-122
38 Christiaens H.Leer R.J.Pouwels. P.H.et al. Cloning and expression of a conjugated bile acid hydrolase gene from Lactobacillus plantarum by using a direct plate assay. Appl. Envi. Micr., 2002, 9: 4689-4693.
39 Hiroshi Tanaka., Honoo Hashiba., Jan Kok. et al. Bile acid hydrolase of Bifidobacterium longum biochemical and genetic characterization. Appl. Envi. Micr., 2000, 6: 2502-2512.
40 Jean.P.G.Francois.S.et al.Purification and characterization of conjugated bile acid hydrolase form Bifidobacterium longum BB536. Appl. Envi. Micr., 1995, 7: 2577-2582.
41 Khalid T. Jean. P. G. et al. Involvement of trihydroxyconjugated bile salts in cholesterol assimilation by Bifidobacteria. Curr Micro, 1997, 34: 79-84.
42 A.Sibel Akalin. Siddikgonc. Selmin. Duzel. Influence of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in mice. 1997 J Dairy Sci 80.11: 2721-2725
43 Grunewald K.K.Serum cholesterol level in rats fed skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Food Sci, 1982, 47: 2078-2079
44 Mohan. B. Kaninel. R.Natarajan. A. et al. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth nitrogen utilization and serum cholesterol in broier S.[J] Br J Nutir. 1996, 76: 857
45 Roos D.E. Schouten. G. Katane M. B. Yougurt enriched with L.acidophilus doesn't lower blood lipid in healthy men and women with nomal to borderline high serum cholesterol levels [J]. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998, 53: 277-281.
46 Barbara M.Maria. R.G. The use of probiotics in Medical practice. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2001, 16: 531-536.
47 Thompson L.V. Jenkins D.J.et al. The effect of fermented and unfermented milks on serum cholesterol. Am.J.Clin.Nutr.1982(36):1160.
48 Moussa S.Z.Salama.F.M.Taha.N.A.Effect of fresh cow's milk and some fermented milk products on rat serum cholesterol, Trigly cerides, total lipids and lipoprotein levels. Egypt.J.Dairy Sci,(23):69
49 江正强，用胆固醇氧化酶脱除猪油中的胆固醇，中国农业大学学报，1996，1(12)：100-101
50 Kannel W.B.Castelli W.P.Cordon.T.Serum cholesterol lipopteins, the risk of coronary heart disease.The Framingham study.Ann.Intern.Med.1971,74:1
51 Mott G.E.et ai. Lowering of serum cholesterol by intestina Ibacteria in cholesterol-fed pigets. [J]. lipids,1993(8):428
52 Fukushima. Nakano M.Effect of a mixture of organisms, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Streptococcus faecalis on cholesterol metablism in rats fed on a fat and cholesterol-enriched diet [J]. Br J Nutr, 1996, 76: 857
53 Khedkar. C. D. Garge R.D. Mantri J. M. et al. Effect of feeding acidophilus milk on serum cholesterol in human volunteers of 50-60 years. 1993, J.Dairying Food home Sci 12:33
54 Grunewald.K.K and Mitchell. K. Serum cholesterol levels in mice fed fermented and unfermentedacidophilus milk. 1983,46:315.J Food protection.
55 Grunewald K.K.Serum cholesterol levels in rat fed skim milk fermented by L.acidophilus.1982, J.Food.Sci,47:2078
56 Rao D.R. Chawan C.B. and Pulusani. Influence of milk and Thermophilus milk on plasma cholesterol levels and hepatic cholesterogenesis in rats. 1981. J. Food Sci, 14-1339.
57 Dambekodi P. C. and Gilliland S.E. Incorporation of cholesterol into the cellula membrane of Bifidobacterium longum. J dairy Sci. 1998, 81: 1818-1824
58 Don.D.O.S.H.Kim and S.E.Gilliland. Incorporation of cholesterol into the cell membrane of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121. J Dairy Sci, 1997, 80: 3107-3113.
59 Thorne K.D.Barker.d.C.The occurrence of bactoprenol in the mesosome and plasma membranes of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. J Gen Microbiol., 1972, 70: 87
60 张佳程，骆承痒，乳酸菌对食品中胆固醇的脱除效果的研究，食品科学，1998，19：20—22
61 Kociubinski. G.Perez P.Antoni. G et al., Screening of bile resistance and bile precipitation in lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria., J Food Protection, 1999, 62: 905-912
62 Solis P.B.Lemmonier. D.Induction of human cytokines to bacteria used in dairy foods. Nutr Res, 1993,13:1127-1140.
63 季文明，张和春，王武．胆固醇氧化酶基因的克隆与表达，微生物学通报，2000，27(3)：224-227
64 Fujishiro.Kinya.ota Toshio,jpn.Kokai Tokkyyo Koho JP 1992, 14:210
65 Lui,Chow, Lo,Journal of industrial Microbiology,1996,16(4):257-260
66 Somkuti,Solaiman.Current Microbiology,1997,43(3):180-185
67 Rossi.Letters in Applied Microbiology 26(2):101-104
68 王成涛．原生质体融合技术构建降解胆固醇的乳酸菌．中国农业大学硕士毕业论文．
69 Akiba.t.,Japanese patent 90-18064,1990
70 Situmorang M.Alexander.P.W.Talanta.,Oxford,1999,49(3):639-649
71 Coleman J.P.,and L.L.Hudson.Cloning and characterization of a conjugated bile acid hydrolase gene from Clostridium perfringens.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.1995, 61:2514-2520.
72 Stellwag E.J.Hylemon P.B.Purification and characterization of bile salt hydrolase from Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis.Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 452: 165-176
73 Nair P.P.Cordon G. and Reback J. The enzymatic cleavage of the carbon-nitrogen bond in 3α, 7 α,17α-tri-hydroxy-5 β-cholan-24-oyl-glycine. J Biol.Chem.1993,242:7-11.
74 Kawamoto.K.Horibe.H.Vrchida.K.Purification and characterization of a new hydrolase for conjugated bile acid,chenodeoxycholytaurine hydrolase from Bacteroides vulgatus.J Biochim. 1989,106:1049-1053.
75 Lundeen.S.G.Savage.D.C.Characterization and purification of bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus sp.strain 100-100. J Bacteriol.1990,172:4171-4177.
76 Lundeen.S.G.Savage.D.C.Multiple forms of bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus sp.strain 100-100.J Bacteriol.1992,172:121-126.
77 Chikai.T.H. Nakao.and K.Uchida.Deconjugation of bile acid by human intestinal bacteria implanted in germ-free rats. Lipid, 1987, 22:669-671.
78 De Smet I.P. Deboever. and W.Verstraete. Cholesterol lowering in pigs through enchanted bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity.Br.J.Nurr.1998,79:185-194.
79 De Smet I.L. Vanhoorde N. et al. In vitro study of bile salt hydrolase activity of bile salt hydrolase isogenic Lactobacillus plantarum 80 strains and estimation of cholesterol lowering through enchanted bile salt hydrolase activity. Microbiol. Ecol. Health Dis, 1994, 7: 315-329.
80 郭本恒．功能性乳制品．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1999．
81 D.A.Jaspers.Linda.K.M.and Lloyd.D.L.Effect of consuming yogurts prepared with three culture strains on human serum lipoproteins. J Food Sci., 1984,49:1178-1181
82 韩俊华．盛晓甘等．乳酸菌降胆固醇作用的研究现状，中国乳品工业，2002，30(3)：16-20
于景华，张玉洁等．食品中胆固醇脱除工艺的研究，中国乳品工业，1999，27(40)：16-19
83 张佳程，骆承痒，生物方法降低胆固醇的研究趋势，食品科学，1997，18(11)：50-53
84 吴肖．刘通讯，乳与胆固醇，中国乳品工业，2000，28(5)：34-36
85 郑坚．乳酸菌对血脂的影响，黄冈师范学院学报，2002(3)：50-53
86 香卫钦，于舒宁，一株能降胆固醇的乳酸菌的选育，生物技术，2001，11(5)：42-43
87 张佳程．骆承痒．直接皂化-比色法测定食品中的胆固醇的研究，食品和发酵工业，26(3)：35-39
88 王慧云，鸡蛋中胆固醇的快速测定方法的研究，食品科学，1995，16(6)：58-59
89 Pasin G.Rapid determination of total cholesterol in egg yolk using commercial diagnostic cholesterol reagent. Food Chemistry., 1998, 61: 255-259.
90 杨洁彬，凌代文，郭兴华等主编，乳酸菌-生物学基础及应用，北京，中国轻工业出版社．
91 Rudel L.L.and M.D.Morris. Determination of cholesterol using o-phthaladethyde.J Lipid Res 1973,14:364-366
92 凌代云，东秀株．乳酸细菌分类鉴定及实验方法．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998．
93 John G.Holt.et al. Bergy's manual of determinative bacteriology. Ninth Edition.
94 Buchanan R．E．et al．伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册(第八版)中文版
95 俞俊棠，唐孝宣等．生物工艺学．上海，华东工学院出版社，1991：12-23
96 东秀珠，蔡妙英等．常见细菌鉴定手册．北京，科学出版社，2001．
97 张纪忠．微生物分类学．上海，复旦大学出版社，1990：368-406
98 孙敬方．高脂血症的动物模型[J]．上海实验动物科学，1995，15(4)：240-242．
99 袁杰利，矫东风等．屎肠球菌DM891129菌株对大鼠高血脂症的调节作用[J]．中国微生态学杂志，1999，11(6)：377-378．
100 黄锡全，吴志勇等．L．SP.HXQ001菌对家兔血清胆固醇的影响[J]．中国微生态学杂志，2001，13(1)：55-56．
101 Akalin A.S. Gonc S, et al. Influence of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in mice. J Dairy sci, 1997, 80(2): 2721-2725.
102 Lin S. Y. ayres J. W. Willia. Winkler J. R., et al. Lactobacillus effects on cholesterol: in vitro and in vivo results. J Dairy sci, 1989, 72(2): 2882-2889.
103 Shap. N.P, Some beneficial effect of probiotic bacteria. Biosci. Micr., 2000, 19(2): 99-106
104 Fukushima. M, Nakano.M., Effect of organisms, Lactobacillus acidophilus or Streptococcus faecalis on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed on a fat and cholesterol-enriched diet., British J Nutrition., 1996, 76: 857-867
105 Suzuki Y. H. Kaizu., and Y Yanauchi. Effect of cultured milk on serum cholesterol concentrations in rats which fed high-cholesterol diet. Anim. Sci.Tech.,1991,62:565.
106 张香美．双歧杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌混合培养时的微生态研究．南京农业大学硕士学位论文．1998
107 潘孝仁．高脂蛋白血症．中国大百科全书．现代医学卷．北京，中国大百科全书出版社，1993，425-428．
108 Dekker R.R., R.Van Der Meer and C.Olieman. Sensitive pulsed amperometic detection of free and conjugated bile acids in combination with gradient reversed-phase HPLC. Chromatographia., 1991, 31:549-553.
109 Pereira.D.I.Gibson.G.R.Effects of consumption of probiotics and prebiotics on serum lipid level in humans.Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol.,2002,37 (4):259-281.
110 Usman.Hosona.A.Binding of cholesterol to the cells and peptidoglycan of Lactobacillus gasseri. Milchwissenchaft.
111 哈斯苏荣，阿木古楞等．酸马奶及其医学价值．中国中药杂志．2003，28：11-14．
112 贺银凤，李少英等．酸马奶酒中微生物的分离鉴定及抗菌特性的研究．农业工程学报，2002，18：93-97．
113 张列兵，刘鹏，周伟朋等．开菲尔粒表面超微结构及微生物在开菲尔粒表面分布的研究．中国乳品工业，1998，24(6)：42-44．