硒源及硒—碘互作对固始鸡4C营养效应和肌肉品质的影响
|
摘要
试验一：不同硒源对固始鸡4C应用效果的比较试验
试验一选用420羽1日龄健康固始鸡4C随机分成7个处理组。赛乐硒和亚硒酸钠分别以商品中的含硒量按0.15mg／kg、0.30mg／kg、0.45mg／kg各一组以及对照组。饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮，预饲一周淘汰弱雏，每组随机分为50只，正式试验期42天，分三阶段饲养。通过测定鸡群的生长性能、屠体性状、生理生化指标和肉质参数来比较赛乐硒和亚硒酸钠在固始鸡4C上的应用效果。
结果表明，固始鸡在不同的生长期内，对硒的需要量不同。整个生长期内，0.30mg／kg亚硒酸钠组的日均增重高于其它各组。0.30mg／kg赛乐硒组的饲料转化率高于其它各组。在生长前期，0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组均重极显著的高于相同硒源的另外两组、同水平的亚硒酸钠组以及对照组(p＜0.01)。0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组4周龄时的羽毛评分值极显著的高于其它各组(p＜0.01)。
0.30mg／kg赛乐硒添加组的屠体重显著低于同水平的亚硒酸钠添加组(p＜0.05)，屠宰率极显著的低于0.45mg／kg亚硒酸钠添加组(p＜0.01)。
血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_3)的活性有随硒添加水平的升高而升高的趋势(赛乐硒和亚硒酸钠试验组)，血清甲状腺素(T_4)的含量基本上随硒添加水平的增加而降低。赛乐硒添加组GSH-Px的活性均高于对照组(p＜0.01)，比相应的三个亚硒酸钠添加组分别高出11.02％、5.15％、5.83％。0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组(p＜0.01)和亚硒酸钠三个添加组(p＜0.05)的SOD活性均高于对照组。赛乐硒组血清酶活性与硒添加量的相关系数高于亚硒酸钠组相应的相关系数，并且赛乐硒添加组血清T_4向T_3的转化率均高于相应水平的亚硒酸钠组。
对照组的滴水损失值比0.15mg／kg赛乐硒添加组的高出2.57％，显著高于其它各组(p＜0.05)。0.45mg／kg赛乐硒添加组的水浴损失值低于0.15mg／kg亚硒酸钠添加组(p＜0.05)。硒的添加量越高，腿肌中丙二醛(MDA)的含量越低，0.45mg／kg的试验组腿肌MDA的含量显著低于对照组(p＜0.05)。
添加赛乐硒有稳定肉色的趋势。宰后24h时(即0h)，0.45mg／kg赛乐硒添加组的L~*值显著低于0.15mg／kg亚硒酸钠添加组(p＜0.05)的L~*值；0.15mg／kg、0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组和0.45mg／kg亚硒酸钠组的a~*值低于对照组和0.30mg／kg硒添加组(p＜0.01)的相应值；对照组48h的b~*值高于赛乐硒组和0.15mg／kg亚硒酸钠组(p＜0.01)的相应值。随着观察时间的延长，L~*、a~*、b~*值的变化幅度随硒添加量的增加而变小。
硒的沉积量随日粮中硒添加浓度的增加而增加。添加相同水平的硒源时，肝脏中硒沉积量高于腿肌中的沉积量。添加水平不同时，0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组肝脏硒沉积量显著高于0.15mg／kg赛乐硒组和0.45mg／kg亚硒酸钠组(p＜0.05)，极显著的高于
0．15mg／kg、0．30mg／kg亚硒酸钠组和对照组（P＜0＊1）的硒沉积量。0．45mg爪g赛乐硒
组腿肌硒沉积量极显著的高于对照组和亚硒酸钠的三个添加组…刃刀1X
本试验提示，固始鸡4C对各生长期内硒的需要量不同。添加 0．30mg儿g的赛乐
硒可以改善全期的饲料转化率。赛乐硒有助于改善固始鸡4C在4周龄时的羽毛生长
状况。血清GSHPX、SOD、T3的活性有随硒水平的升高而升高的趋势。此外，赛乐
硒对血清酶活性的提高有一定的促进作用。赛乐硒有助于稳定肉品色度，提高肉品的
保水性和组织中硒的沉积量。
试验二：硒碘互作对固始鸡4C生产性能和血清酶活性的影响
选用540羽1日龄健康固始鸡4C随机分成9个处理组，分别设为－Se－－、＋Se。J。
＋8印二、一S 卜、＋8eA＋IC、＋8卜、一Se十ID、＋SeA＋ID和＋SeB＋ID（“＋”表示o，“一”表示不
添加；Se表示硒，I表示碘；脚标A、B、C、D分别代表饲粮中添加了赛乐硒、亚硒酸
钠、碘化酪蛋白、碘化钾，例如：＋Soy＋k为饲粮中椰0赛乐硒和碘化酪蛋白）。饲喂玉米
－豆粕型基础日粮，预饲一周淘汰弱雏，使每组为50只（初重85｛），正式试验期42
天，分三阶段饲养。
试验结果表明，整个生长阶段，添加赛乐硒和碘化酪蛋白试验组的饲料转化率最
高，并且该组在饲养中期和后期的均重也是最好。本试验饲粮中，用碘化酪蛋白代替碘
化钾不会影响产肉性能。
＋SeA＋k组血清中甲状腺激素的转化率最高；＋SeA＋k组GSH－Px的活性极显著的高
于对照组中＜0刀1人 硒碘添加形式和添加量对SOD的活性无显著影响中叩刀5人
本试验提示，添加赛乐硒和碘化酪蛋白可以改善固始鸡的生长性能，提高血清酶
活性。赛乐硒和碘化酪蛋白的互作效应优于硒和碘化钾的互作。
Expt l.AppIicational effects of different selenium source on Gushi4C broilers
A total of 420 one-day Gushi4C broilers were allotted to seven groups randomly, which were divided into the group of control, the groups of supplementing 0.15mg/kg, 0.30mg/kg and 0.45mg/kg with Sel-plex and the groups of supplementing 0.15mg/kg, 0.30mg/kg and 0.45mg/kg with sodium selenite respectively. Weak broilers were culled after one week prefeeding. 50 broilers (start weight 85-88g) were assigned to each group and fed with basic corn-soybean diets. The feeding duration of experiment was 42 days of 3 phrases. The effects of supplemental selenium of different sources at different levels on growing performance, carcass characteristics, serum enzyme parameters and meat quality parameters of Gushi4C broilers were measured.
The results showed: The selenium requirements varied with growing stages of Gushi4C broilers. For whole periode, the higher average daily gain (ADG) was for the group of 0.30mg/kg sodium selenite and the better feed conversion rate (FCR or F/G) for the group of 0.30mg/kg Sel-plex. In early growing phrase, average body weight for the group of 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex was significantly increased (p<0.01) compared with the groups 0.15mg/kg, 0.30mg/kg Sel-plex, the group of 0.45mg/kg sodium selenite and the control. Feather scores were significantly increased by supplemental 0.45mg/kg selenium from Sel-plex (p<0.01).
The lower carcass weight was for the group of 0.30mg/kg Sel-plrx than that group of sodium selenite at the same level (p<0.05), and the lower carcass yield was for the group of 0.30mg/kg Sel-plex than that of the group of 0.45mg/kg sodium selenite (p<0.01).
Serum GSH-Px, SOD, Ta increased as selenium concentration increased in diets, T4 decreased as selenium concentration increased basically. GSH-Px activities of Sel-plex groups were higher significantly than those of the control (p<0.01). GSH-Px activities of
Sel-plex groups were 11.02%, 5.15% and 5.83% higher respectively than those of sodium selenite groups at the same levels. The higher significantly SOD activities were for the groups of 0.45mg/kg selenium from Sel-plex and sodium selenite than those of the control (p<0.05). Serum enzyme activities of Sel-plex groups had higher correlations with selenium concentration in diets than those of sodium selenite groups did. In addition, transformation ration from T4 to TI for the groups of Sel-plex were higher than those groups of sodium selenite at the same levels.
Supplemental Sel-plex helped improving the water holding capacity. Driploss of the control group was 2.57% higher than that of 0.15mg/kg Sel-plex and was significantly higher than those of the other groups (p<0.05). The higher cooking less was for the group of 0.15mg/kg sodium selenite than that of 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex (p<0.05). There was a tendency of declining MDA in thigh muscle as the supplemental selenium increased. The lower MDA in thigh muscle was for the two groups of 0.45mg/kg than that of the control group (p<0.05).
Supplementing Sel-plex in diets could stabilize the meat color. The lower L* value (lightness) was for the group of 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex than that of 0.15mg/kg sodium selenite at 24h (Oh) (p<0.05). The lower a* value (redness) was for the groups of 0.15mg/kg, 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex and 0.45mg/kg sodium selenite than that of the two groups of 0.30mg/kg from Sel-plex and sodium selenite and the control group at 24h (Oh) (p<0.01). The higher b* value was for the group of the control at 48h than that of Sel-plex groups and 0.15mg/kg sodium selenite (p<0.01). During the observing period, there was a tendency that the variation of L*, a*, b* value were minimazed as selenium contents increased in diets.
Selenium deposition increased as selenium concentration increased in diets. Selenium deposition in liver was higher than that of in thigh at the same level of selenium. Selenium deposition in liver for the group with supplementation of 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex was higher than that of the groups with supplementation of 0.15mg/kg Sel-plex
试验一选用420羽1日龄健康固始鸡4C随机分成7个处理组。赛乐硒和亚硒酸钠分别以商品中的含硒量按0.15mg／kg、0.30mg／kg、0.45mg／kg各一组以及对照组。饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮，预饲一周淘汰弱雏，每组随机分为50只，正式试验期42天，分三阶段饲养。通过测定鸡群的生长性能、屠体性状、生理生化指标和肉质参数来比较赛乐硒和亚硒酸钠在固始鸡4C上的应用效果。
结果表明，固始鸡在不同的生长期内，对硒的需要量不同。整个生长期内，0.30mg／kg亚硒酸钠组的日均增重高于其它各组。0.30mg／kg赛乐硒组的饲料转化率高于其它各组。在生长前期，0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组均重极显著的高于相同硒源的另外两组、同水平的亚硒酸钠组以及对照组(p＜0.01)。0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组4周龄时的羽毛评分值极显著的高于其它各组(p＜0.01)。
0.30mg／kg赛乐硒添加组的屠体重显著低于同水平的亚硒酸钠添加组(p＜0.05)，屠宰率极显著的低于0.45mg／kg亚硒酸钠添加组(p＜0.01)。
血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_3)的活性有随硒添加水平的升高而升高的趋势(赛乐硒和亚硒酸钠试验组)，血清甲状腺素(T_4)的含量基本上随硒添加水平的增加而降低。赛乐硒添加组GSH-Px的活性均高于对照组(p＜0.01)，比相应的三个亚硒酸钠添加组分别高出11.02％、5.15％、5.83％。0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组(p＜0.01)和亚硒酸钠三个添加组(p＜0.05)的SOD活性均高于对照组。赛乐硒组血清酶活性与硒添加量的相关系数高于亚硒酸钠组相应的相关系数，并且赛乐硒添加组血清T_4向T_3的转化率均高于相应水平的亚硒酸钠组。
对照组的滴水损失值比0.15mg／kg赛乐硒添加组的高出2.57％，显著高于其它各组(p＜0.05)。0.45mg／kg赛乐硒添加组的水浴损失值低于0.15mg／kg亚硒酸钠添加组(p＜0.05)。硒的添加量越高，腿肌中丙二醛(MDA)的含量越低，0.45mg／kg的试验组腿肌MDA的含量显著低于对照组(p＜0.05)。
添加赛乐硒有稳定肉色的趋势。宰后24h时(即0h)，0.45mg／kg赛乐硒添加组的L~*值显著低于0.15mg／kg亚硒酸钠添加组(p＜0.05)的L~*值；0.15mg／kg、0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组和0.45mg／kg亚硒酸钠组的a~*值低于对照组和0.30mg／kg硒添加组(p＜0.01)的相应值；对照组48h的b~*值高于赛乐硒组和0.15mg／kg亚硒酸钠组(p＜0.01)的相应值。随着观察时间的延长，L~*、a~*、b~*值的变化幅度随硒添加量的增加而变小。
硒的沉积量随日粮中硒添加浓度的增加而增加。添加相同水平的硒源时，肝脏中硒沉积量高于腿肌中的沉积量。添加水平不同时，0.45mg／kg赛乐硒组肝脏硒沉积量显著高于0.15mg／kg赛乐硒组和0.45mg／kg亚硒酸钠组(p＜0.05)，极显著的高于
0．15mg／kg、0．30mg／kg亚硒酸钠组和对照组（P＜0＊1）的硒沉积量。0．45mg爪g赛乐硒
组腿肌硒沉积量极显著的高于对照组和亚硒酸钠的三个添加组…刃刀1X
本试验提示，固始鸡4C对各生长期内硒的需要量不同。添加 0．30mg儿g的赛乐
硒可以改善全期的饲料转化率。赛乐硒有助于改善固始鸡4C在4周龄时的羽毛生长
状况。血清GSHPX、SOD、T3的活性有随硒水平的升高而升高的趋势。此外，赛乐
硒对血清酶活性的提高有一定的促进作用。赛乐硒有助于稳定肉品色度，提高肉品的
保水性和组织中硒的沉积量。
试验二：硒碘互作对固始鸡4C生产性能和血清酶活性的影响
选用540羽1日龄健康固始鸡4C随机分成9个处理组，分别设为－Se－－、＋Se。J。
＋8印二、一S 卜、＋8eA＋IC、＋8卜、一Se十ID、＋SeA＋ID和＋SeB＋ID（“＋”表示o，“一”表示不
添加；Se表示硒，I表示碘；脚标A、B、C、D分别代表饲粮中添加了赛乐硒、亚硒酸
钠、碘化酪蛋白、碘化钾，例如：＋Soy＋k为饲粮中椰0赛乐硒和碘化酪蛋白）。饲喂玉米
－豆粕型基础日粮，预饲一周淘汰弱雏，使每组为50只（初重85｛），正式试验期42
天，分三阶段饲养。
试验结果表明，整个生长阶段，添加赛乐硒和碘化酪蛋白试验组的饲料转化率最
高，并且该组在饲养中期和后期的均重也是最好。本试验饲粮中，用碘化酪蛋白代替碘
化钾不会影响产肉性能。
＋SeA＋k组血清中甲状腺激素的转化率最高；＋SeA＋k组GSH－Px的活性极显著的高
于对照组中＜0刀1人 硒碘添加形式和添加量对SOD的活性无显著影响中叩刀5人
本试验提示，添加赛乐硒和碘化酪蛋白可以改善固始鸡的生长性能，提高血清酶
活性。赛乐硒和碘化酪蛋白的互作效应优于硒和碘化钾的互作。
Expt l.AppIicational effects of different selenium source on Gushi4C broilers
A total of 420 one-day Gushi4C broilers were allotted to seven groups randomly, which were divided into the group of control, the groups of supplementing 0.15mg/kg, 0.30mg/kg and 0.45mg/kg with Sel-plex and the groups of supplementing 0.15mg/kg, 0.30mg/kg and 0.45mg/kg with sodium selenite respectively. Weak broilers were culled after one week prefeeding. 50 broilers (start weight 85-88g) were assigned to each group and fed with basic corn-soybean diets. The feeding duration of experiment was 42 days of 3 phrases. The effects of supplemental selenium of different sources at different levels on growing performance, carcass characteristics, serum enzyme parameters and meat quality parameters of Gushi4C broilers were measured.
The results showed: The selenium requirements varied with growing stages of Gushi4C broilers. For whole periode, the higher average daily gain (ADG) was for the group of 0.30mg/kg sodium selenite and the better feed conversion rate (FCR or F/G) for the group of 0.30mg/kg Sel-plex. In early growing phrase, average body weight for the group of 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex was significantly increased (p<0.01) compared with the groups 0.15mg/kg, 0.30mg/kg Sel-plex, the group of 0.45mg/kg sodium selenite and the control. Feather scores were significantly increased by supplemental 0.45mg/kg selenium from Sel-plex (p<0.01).
The lower carcass weight was for the group of 0.30mg/kg Sel-plrx than that group of sodium selenite at the same level (p<0.05), and the lower carcass yield was for the group of 0.30mg/kg Sel-plex than that of the group of 0.45mg/kg sodium selenite (p<0.01).
Serum GSH-Px, SOD, Ta increased as selenium concentration increased in diets, T4 decreased as selenium concentration increased basically. GSH-Px activities of Sel-plex groups were higher significantly than those of the control (p<0.01). GSH-Px activities of
Sel-plex groups were 11.02%, 5.15% and 5.83% higher respectively than those of sodium selenite groups at the same levels. The higher significantly SOD activities were for the groups of 0.45mg/kg selenium from Sel-plex and sodium selenite than those of the control (p<0.05). Serum enzyme activities of Sel-plex groups had higher correlations with selenium concentration in diets than those of sodium selenite groups did. In addition, transformation ration from T4 to TI for the groups of Sel-plex were higher than those groups of sodium selenite at the same levels.
Supplemental Sel-plex helped improving the water holding capacity. Driploss of the control group was 2.57% higher than that of 0.15mg/kg Sel-plex and was significantly higher than those of the other groups (p<0.05). The higher cooking less was for the group of 0.15mg/kg sodium selenite than that of 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex (p<0.05). There was a tendency of declining MDA in thigh muscle as the supplemental selenium increased. The lower MDA in thigh muscle was for the two groups of 0.45mg/kg than that of the control group (p<0.05).
Supplementing Sel-plex in diets could stabilize the meat color. The lower L* value (lightness) was for the group of 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex than that of 0.15mg/kg sodium selenite at 24h (Oh) (p<0.05). The lower a* value (redness) was for the groups of 0.15mg/kg, 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex and 0.45mg/kg sodium selenite than that of the two groups of 0.30mg/kg from Sel-plex and sodium selenite and the control group at 24h (Oh) (p<0.01). The higher b* value was for the group of the control at 48h than that of Sel-plex groups and 0.15mg/kg sodium selenite (p<0.01). During the observing period, there was a tendency that the variation of L*, a*, b* value were minimazed as selenium contents increased in diets.
Selenium deposition increased as selenium concentration increased in diets. Selenium deposition in liver was higher than that of in thigh at the same level of selenium. Selenium deposition in liver for the group with supplementation of 0.45mg/kg Sel-plex was higher than that of the groups with supplementation of 0.15mg/kg Sel-plex
引文
1．康世良，王伟，周建平等．硒碘复合营养强化蛋的研制．黑龙江畜牧兽医，1998(2)：18-19
2．硒的故事．饲养时报，1998(4)：4-6
3. Burk. R.F. and Hill. K.E. Regulation of selenoproteins. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 1993(13): 65-81
4．倪银星．硒蛋白、硒与内分泌激素的关系研究进展．国外医学卫生学分册，2002(1)：38-42
5. Flohe. L., Gunzler W,A. and Schock H.H..Glutathione peroxidase: a selenoenzyme. FEBS Lett. 1973(32): 132-134
6. Rotruck, J. T., Pope A.L., Ganther H.E., A.B.Swanson, D.G.Hateman and W.G.Hoekstra. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science. 1973 (179): 588-590
7. Sunde. R.A.A comparision of ovine liver and erythroeyte glutathione peroxidase. Fed. Proc. Fed Soe Exp Biol, 1978 (37): 757
8. Allen,J.G.. A Study of nutritional myopathy in weaner sheep. Aust. Vet. J. 1986(63): 8-13
9．廖金凤．土壤环境中的硒对人体和动物健康的影响．广东微量元素科学2002(3)：20-23
10. Bottje, W., Enkvetchakul B.and Wideman R. Antioxidants, hydrome (Ascite). In: Novus, Nutrition Update 5(2). 1995. pp.: 1-11
11．张世珍，王兴亚．硒和维生素E在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢作用机制的研究．畜牧兽医学报，1997(4)：311-317
12．李宣海，汪余勤．不同硒水平饲料对大鼠抗氧化和肝纤维化的影响．中华消化杂志，1999(5)：309-311
13. Yu,B. P. Cellular defensesagainst damage from reactive oxygen species. Physiol. Rev., 1994 (74): 139-162
14. P. Sobiech, Z.Kuleta. Usefulness of some biochemical indicators in detection of early stages of nutritional muscular dystrophy in lambs. Small Ruminant Research.2002(45):209-215
15. Edens, F.W.,T.A.Carter and A.E.Sefton. Influence of dietary selenium on post-mortern drip loss from breast meat of broiler sgrown on different litters. Poultry Sci., 1996.75(Supplement 1) : 60
16. Downs K M., Hess J. B., Bilgili S.F., Selenium source effect on broiler carcass characteristics meat quality and driploss. Journal of Applied Animal Research. [print]. 18(1). September, 2000:61-72
17. Basini G,Tamanini C. Domest Anim Endocrinol,2000,18(1): 1-17
18．奚刚，楼兴．日粮不同硒水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响．江西农业大学学报，1999(3)：399-401
19. Weiss, S. L. Selenium regulation of classical glutathione peroxidase expression require the 3'untranslated region in Chinese hamster ovary cell., J Nutr. 1997a. 127:1304-1310
20．李飞，杜生海，杨华等．亚硒酸钠VE对奶牛生产性能的影响．草食家畜，2001(4)：49-51
21．魏文志，杨志强，罗方妮等．饲料中添加有机硒对异育银鲫生长的影响．淡水鱼业，2001(3)：
45-46
22. Arnold, R.L., Tissue selenium content and serum tocopherols as influenced by dietary type,selenium and vitamin E.Poultry Sci., 1974(53): 2185-2192.
23. Edens, F.W., Carter. T.A.Improved feathering with dietary organic Se and its modification due to litter material. Poultry Sci., 1997 (Supplement 1): 114
24．步志高，黄克和，陈万芳．硒增强雏鸡对IBD抵抗力机制的细胞免疫研究．中国兽医学报，1996(3)：273-276
25. Wuryastuti H., Stowe H.D., Bull R.W. and Miller E.R. Effects of Vitamin E and selenium on immune responses of peripheral blood, colostrum and milk leukocytes of sows. J. Anim. Sci.1993(71): 2464-2472
26. Berry M J, BanuL, Larsen P R. Type I iodothyroninede iodinase is a selenocysteine containing enzyme. Nature, 1991 (349): 438-441,
27. Croteau W, Davey T. C., Galton V. A. et al. Cloning of mammalian type Ⅱ iodothyroninede iodinase. J. Clin Invest, 1995(98): 405-409
28．朱茂祥，杨陟华，龚诒芬．不同硒化合物抗肿瘤作用的研究．微量元素与健康研究,2000(2)：14-16
29．马卓，陈万芳．镉致小鼠肝损伤过程中自由基的产生及硒的清除作效应．中国兽医学报，1997(1)：50-52
30．贺宝芝，徐臻．有机硒对铅中毒的拮抗作用试验研究．卫生研究，1998(4)：229-232
31．诸亚君，李文广，李学汤．硒预防黄曲霉毒素诱发肝癌的研究．世界元素医学，2000(1)：36-38
32. Raich P.C. Raich P.C.,Lu J,Thompson H.J,Combs G.F.. Selenium in Cancer Prevention: Clinical Issues and Implications. Cancer Investigation, 2001 (5): 540-553
33. Takashi Tamura and Thressa C. Stadtman. A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells; Purification, properties, and thioredoxin reductase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996(93): 1006-1011
34. Higashikubo A, Tanaka N, Noda N, et al. Increase in thioredoxin activity of intestinal epithelial calls mediated by oxidative stree. Biol Pharm Bull, 1999 (22): 900-903
35. Hetze B.S..Iodine deficiency disorders in the world. Human Nutrition and Dietetics.lstedition. New York. Academic Press Inc., 1994 (4): 534-555
36. Victor G. Stanley. Effect of iodine-treated water on the performance of broiler chickens reared under various stocking densities. Poultry Sci., 1989 (3): 435-437
37．许宗运，祁成年．饮高碘水对肉仔鸡生产性能的及组织器官碘含量的影响．中国家禽，1999(5)：3-4
38．马群山，高玉海．微量元素对于种公畜性机能的影响．动物科学与动物医学，1999(5)：19-21
39．奚刚，许梓荣，钱利纯．日粮中碘水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响．浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，2000(2)：165-168
40．哈斯苏荣．乌尼．日粮加碘对雏鸡ND免疫效果的影响．内蒙古农牧学院学报，1994(2)：12-16
41. Saglam K., Trace elements and antioxidant enzymes in Behcet's disease. Rheumatol Int.2002 (22): 93-96
42．吕社民．硒与甲状腺和甲状腺激素代谢．国外医学：医学地理分册
43．呙丁明,John R.Arthur,周毓平．冷应激前后不同碘营养状态下大鼠甲状腺激素水平的变化．北京农业人学学报，1992(4)：447-451
44．吴英德．硒对癌症的预防利临床问题的研究现状．广东微量元素科学，2002(6)：18-25
45. Behne D., Kyriakopoulos A., Meinhold G. et al. Idenfication of type Ⅰ iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase as a selenoenzyme. Biochem Biophy Res Commun, 1990(3): 1143
46. Safran M.Farwell A P. Leonard JL.Evidence that type Ⅰ 5'-deiodinase is not a selenoprotein. J Biochem, 1991(266): 13477
47. Arthur, J.R.,Beckett G.J., Roles of selenium in type Ⅰ iodothyroinne 5'-deiodinase and in thyroid hormone and iodine metabolism. In: Selenium in Biology and Human Health. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994
48. Goyens, P., Golstein.J.,Nsombola, B. etal. Selenium deficiency as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of myxoedem at ousendemic cretinism. Acta Endocrinol, 1987(114): 497-520
49. Beckett, G.J. ,Russell,A.,Nicol,F. et al., Effiect of selenium deficiency on hepatic type Ⅰ 5'—iodothyronine deiodinase activity and hepatic thyroid hormone level in rat. Biochem. J., 1992(282): 483-486
50. Golstein. J., Gorvilain. B., Lamy. F., et al. Effects of a selenium deficient diet on thyroid function fnorma land per chlorate treated rats. Acta Endocrinol, 1988 (118): 495-502
51. Arthur, J. R. Mortice, P. C., Beckett, G. J.et al. Thyroid hormone concentration in selenium deficient and selenium sufficient cattle. Res. Vet. Sci., 1988(2): 142-145
52. Beckett. G. J. Inhibition of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ iodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver, kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency, Biochem. J. 1989 (259): 887-892
53. Contreras. P. A. Effect of a selenium-deficient diet on blood values of T_3 and T_4 in cows. Comparative clinical pathology, 2002(11): 65-70
54．韩博，梁检．硒碘缺乏对黄牛自由基及甲状腺激素代谢的研究．东北农业大学学报．1999(2)
55．张海棠，王自良．赵坤．硒的营养机理及其在肉用畜禽生产中的应用，粮食与饲料工业，1999(10)：34-36
56. Ruz Manuel. Codoceo Juana.,Galgani Jose.et al Single and mutiple selenium-zinc-iodine deficiences affect rat thyroid metabolism and ultrastructure. Journal of Nutrition, Jan. 1999. 129(1):174-180
57．吴晖云．夏弈明．硒缺乏与甲状腺激素代谢及功能．生理科学进展，1995(1)：12-16
58. Behne, D., Effects of dietary selenium on the tissue concent ration of type Ⅰ iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and other selenoproteins, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 1993 (suppl.): 310-318
59．伊木清，夏弈明．硒碘对大鼠谷胱甘肽过氧化物美酶活力及甲状腺激素代谢的影响．卫生研究，1995(2)：100-103
60．David G Masters．动物营养学报，1998(1)：1-11
61. Ferguson K A. Wallace A L C, Lindner H R. Hormonal regulation of wool groeth. In: Lyne A G and Short B F(Editors), Biology of the Skin and Hair. Angus and Robertson. Sydney, 1965.
62. akova Ts .Effect of additive of selenium and Iodine during pregnancy and lactation on milk yield, butterfat and milk protein secretion at ewes of karakachan breed. Zhivotnov'Dni Nauki, 1998(suppl.2): 49-52
63．韩博，梁检．日粮添加硒碘铜对宁夏地区奶牛生产和繁殖性能的影响．南京农业大学学报，2000(3)：76-80
64. Jianhua He. Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, Novermber, 2000(5): 727-732
65．王雪，苏敏．硒和碘对新生大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞生长及原癌基因产物c-fos表达的影响．中国地方病学杂志，1999(3)：188-191
66. Zagrodzki Pawel .The role of selenium in iodine metabolism in children with goiter. Environmental Health Perspectives, Jan.2000 (1): 67-71
67. Cann Stephen A. Hypothesis:Iodine, selenium and the development of breast cancer. Cancer Causes & Control, Feb. 2000(2): 121-127
68．徐成水．微量元素硒与疾病[J]．微量元素与健康研究，1999(4)：64-65
69．李萍，朱滨，刘开泰．微量元素硒与人体健康[J]．微量元素与健康研究，1996(4)：54-55
70. Cantor, A. H. Efficiency of selenium compounds and feedstuffs for prevention of pancreatic fibrosis in chicks. J. Nutr, 1975:105-106
71．夏弈明，赵新娥．硒的化学形式对人血中含硒组分的影响[J]．营养学报，1993(2)：157-16l
72. Roussyn I, Briviba K, Masumoto H. Selenium-containing compounds protect DNA from single-strand breaks caused by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1996(1): 216
73. Collins, V. C., Bioavailability of selenium in selenized yeast for broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 1993,72(Suppl.1): 85
74．纪家玉，顾建平．有机补硒剂对生长猪的影响．中国饲料，1997(20)：23-24
75．张巧娥，何国功，刘红霞．有机硒对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响．宁夏农学院学报,2002(1)：28-29
76. Mahan D.C. Evaluatung the efficacy of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissues selenium retention and serum glutathione peroxidase activitying grower and finish swine. J Anim. 1996(74): 2967-2974
77. Mahan D.C.Effects of dietary levels of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite as selenium sources feed to growing-finishing pigs on performanace,tissues selenium,glutatyhione peroxidase activity, carcass characteristics and lion quality. J. Anim. Sci. 1999(77): 2172-2179.
78. Miller K.D.Influence of dietary selenium source on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characterics and lion quality. J. Anim. Sci. 1999(77):2172-2179.
79. M.Sanz. Selenium and Cancer: Some Nutritional Aspects. Nutrition. 2000(16): 376-383
80．苗健，高琦，许恩来．微量元素与相关疾病[M]．郑州：河南医科大学出版社，1997．121．
81．周光宏 主编．《肉品学》．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1999．7
82．曾志宏．肉的品质与pH值的相关性．肉类工业,2001(1)：31-32
83．孙玉民，罗明．畜禽肉品学[M]．济南：山东科技出版社，1993．252-310
84. Liu Q. Lanari, M.C.and Schaefer,D. M. A review of dietary vitamin E supplementation for improvement of beef quality. Journal of Animal Science. 1995(73): 3131
85．于福清．维生素E、硒对熟化及贮存过程中牛肉氧化稳定性的影响．中国农业科学院硕士研究生论文，2001
86．黄德智编．《新版肉制品配方》．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2002．1
87．李良明主编．《现代肉制品加工大全》．北京：中国农业出版社，2001．8
88．[日]高坂和久著．张向生译．王英若校．《肉制品加工工艺及配方》．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1990．7
89. Hamm, R. Effunctional properities of the myoffibrillar system and their measurements. Ch. 4. In Muscle as Food (P. J. Bechtel, ed.) 1986.pp. 135. Academic Press, New York.
90. Don Manhan. Selenium Supplementation. Feed Compounder, 1999 (4): 18
91．张苏华，王永康．危害分析关键控制点(HACCP)在动物生产上的应用．中国兽医杂志，2001(12)：36-3
92．刘永刚．家禽营养中的硒．国外畜牧学——猪与禽，1984(6)：2-4
93．陆应林，赵万里．高剂量锌碘硒饲粮对蛋鸡生产性能的影响．畜牧与兽医．1999(6)：9-11
94．丁角立编著．《饲料添加剂指南》．北京：中国农业大学出版社，1994，12
95．邱立云．对肉鸡优质问题的认识．养禽与禽病防治,2001(11)：20-23
96．丁海标，许若军等．中国地方鸡的肉质比较．畜牧与兽医．2000(4)：16-18
97．呙于明主编．《家禽营养与饲料》．北京：中国农业大学出版社，1997．
98．吴晋强主编．《动物营养学》(第二版)．合肥：安徽科学技术出版社．1999
99．邱祥聘主编．《家禽学》．成都：四川科学技术出版社，1993
100. Honikel K O. How to rneasure the water holding capacity of meat? Recommendation of standardized methods. In: Evaluation and control of meat quality in pigs Eds. P. V. Tarrant. G. Eikelinboom, G. Monia: Martinus Nijhoff. Publishers. Dordrecht. The Netherlands 1987.
101.Bocard. R.L. Buehter, E. Cosentino, E.Dransfield,D. E. Hood,R. L. Joseph,D.B.Mcolougall.D.N. Rhodes.I.Schon,B.J. Tinbergen and C.Touraile. Procedures for measuring meat quality characteristics in beef production experiments. Report of working group in the commission of the European communities beef production research programe. Livestock Production Science. 1981 (8): 385-387.
102. Brady. E. D. A study of the factors influences tenderness and texture of beef. Animal Production. 1973:246
103. G.Monin. Effects of the RN-gene on some traits of muscle and liver in pigs.38th ICOMST Clermont-Ferrand. France. 1992.
104. Naveau, J. Pommeret P., Lechaux Proposition dune Methode de measure du rundement technologique: "La methode Napole". Techni proc. 1985(8): 7-13
105. SAS User's Guide (Release 8.1). SAS Inst. Inc. Cary. NC.1999
106. Milligan S. D., Miller M. F., Oats C. N., and Ramsey C. B.. Calcium chloride injection and degree of doneness effects on the sensory characteristics of beef inside round roasts. J. Anim. Sci. 1997(75) : 668-672
107. Langlands J. P., Donald G. E., Bowels J. E., Smith A. J. Subclinical selenium insufficiency. 1.Selenium status and the response in live weight and wool production on grazing ewes supplemented with selenium. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1991 a. (31): 25-31
108. Langlands J. P., Donald G. E., Bowels J. E., Smith A. J. Subclinical selenium insufficiency. 2.The response in reproductive performance of grasing ewes supplemented with selenium. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1991 b(31): 33-35
109. Langlands J. P., Donald G. E., Bowels J. E., Smith A J.. Subclinical selenium insufficiency. 3.The selenium status and productivity of lambs to ewes supplemented with selenium. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1991 c(31): 37-39
110．刘美丽，郑明学．添加抗球虫药和硒对肉用仔鸡生长发育的影响．动物科学与动物医学，2002(1)：31-35
111．王海宏，蔡辉益，吴妙宗等．不同硒源对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响．饲料研究，2001(3)：31-3
112．曹新旺，张伟力，王若军．不同硒源对肉仔鸡营养免疫效应及肉品质量的影响．饲料工业，2001(8):46-48
113．王长康．仿土鸡生产的配套与选育方向．福建畜牧兽医，2001(6)：44-46
114．Beer J.V. 陈继兰等译．野禽的营养需要量，《家禽营养研究最新进展》[M]，天津：天津科技出版社，1992：220-225
115．张克英，李志琼，左绍群．饲粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平对雉鸡生产性能的影响．特产研究，200l(1)：9-13
116. Levander, O.A. Selenium. In: Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, 5th Edition, Volume2 (W. Metrz, ed.). Academic Press, Inc. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Orlando, FL. 1986. pg: 209-279
117. Michael Elliot. Factor influencing feathering. Poultry International. 1996(11): 80-81
118．曹新旺．硒源及有机硒-维生素E水平对肉仔鸡营养效应及肉品质量的研究．安徽农业大学硕士研究生学位论文，2001(6)：47
119. Kim Y. Y. ,Mahan D.C.,Effect of dietary selenium source, level and pig hair color on various
selenium indices. J. Anim. Sci., 2001a (79): 949-955
120. Clyburn B.S., Richardson C.R., Miller M.F., et al. Vitamin E and selenium form: effects on beef cattle performance and meat quality. In: Biotechnology ill the Feed Industry. Procceding of Alltech's 16th Annual symposium. Edited by T.P. Lyons and K.A.Jacques.
121. Saglam K. Trace element and antioxidant enzymes in Behcet's diease. Rheumatol Int, 2002(22):93-96
122. Hopkins J. Tudhope GRGlutathione peroxidase in human red cells in health and disease. Br J Haemetol, .1973(25): 563-575
123. Kim Y. Y., Mahan D.C.Comparative effects of high dietary levels of organic and inorganic selenium on selenium toxicity of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 2001b(79): 942-948.
124．黄志坚，邱承亮，林藩平等．不同Se源对奶牛繁殖性能和免疫功能的影响．福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)，2002(1)：76-79
125．孟凡立，威永杰．两种形式的硒对奶牛红细胞内几种抗氧化酶活力影响的研究．黑龙江畜牧兽医，2002(3)：17-18
126. Elstnen E. F. Oxygen activation and oxygen toxicity [J]. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol.. 1982(33): 73-96.
127．罗广华．王爱国．高浓度氧对水稻幼苗的伤害及活性氧防御[A]．中国科学院华南植物研究所集刊[C]．1989(4)：169-176．
128. Braw N.K. DNA strand scission by enzymically generated oxygen radicals [J]. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1981 (2): 414.
129. Kellogg E. W. Superoxide, hydrogenperoxide, and single oxygen in lipid peroxidation by axanthine oxidase system. J.Biol.Chem., 1975(250): 8812-8817
130．霍祥虎．谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的硒代半胱氨酸插入元件．中国生物化学与分子生物学学报，1999(2)：274-279
131．张宏莲，蒋一方．硒云芝多糖对巨噬细胞一氧化氮的影响．中草药,2001(9)：820-822
132．黄素珍，盂雪燕．硒、维生素E对鸡体脂质过氧化的影响．中国兽医学报，1998(2)：191-192
133. Decker E A. Chemical\physical and functional properties of oxidized turkey white muscle myofibrillar proteins. J Agric Food Chem. 1993 (41 ): 86
134．刘国艳，柴春彦，康世良．氟硒碘生物学相关效应的研究进展．上海畜牧兽医通讯,2001(5)：9-11
135. Arthur John R. Functional indicators of iodine and selenium status. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 1999 (2): 507-512
136．刘来利．不同硒营养状态下鸡体内甲状腺激素的变化．甘肃畜牧兽医，2000(5)：15
137. Sellier P. Genetics of meat and carcass traits. In: Rothschild MF, Ruvinsky A,eds. The Genetics of the pig. (Wallinford, UK: CAB International), 1998.pp: 463-510
138. Lawrie R A. Meat Science [M]. Pergamon Press, 1991
139. Naylor, A.J., Choct M., Jacques K.A..Effects of selenium source and level on performance. mortality and meat quality in male broilers. Poster presented at Southern Poultry Science, Atlanta.
Georgia. Jan., 2000: 16-17
140．黄素珍，苗耀先，黄润全．维生素E和硒调控PSE的研究，肉品卫生，2001(3)：7-9
141. Richardson. R I. Vicmin Ein Poultry meat. Poultry international. November. 1994:28-29
142. Northcutt J. K.,Buhr, R.J.,Young,L.L. et al. Influence of age and postchill carcass aging duration on chicken breast fillet quality. Poultry Sic., 2001(8): 808-812
143．陈文为．老年性气虚证与自由基反应．中西医结合杂志，1987(5)：302-304
144. Dickens, J. A.,Lyon,C.E.,The effects of electric stimulation and extended chilling times on the biochemical reactions and texture of cooked broiler breast meat. Poultry Sci. 1995. (74): 2035-2040
145．李同树，井文倩，唐辉等．山东地方鸭与北京鸭的产肉性能及肉质特性研究．山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2001(1)：23-28
146. Lundberg P., Carbon-13 and porton NMR studies of post-mortem metabolism in bovine muscle. Meat Sci. 1986(18): 133-160
147. Huff-Lonergan E. Correlations among seleted pork quality traits. J. Anita Sci Submitted. 2001
148．川井博田．猪肉肌纤维粗细与肉质的关系[J]．郁明发译．国外畜牧学-猪与禽，1983(3)：51-54
149. Dhindsa R. S. Leaf senescence and lipid peroxidation: Effect of some phythohormones, and scavengers of free radicals and single toxygen [J]. Physiol. Plant, 1982(56): 453-457.
150．王建华，刘鸿先．超氧物歧化酶(SOD)在植物逆境和衰老生理中的作用[J]．植物生理学通讯，1989(1)：1-7
151. Youngman. R. J., On the mechanism of paraguat resistance in Conyzasp. [A]. In: Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis and productivity, photosynthesis and environment [C]. Balaban International Science Services Philadelphia, 1981: 537-544.
152．赵晶，康世良．健康仔猪肌注亚硒酸钠后体内抗氧化系统动态变化规律的研究．饲料博览，
153. Moore M. A., Selenium supplementation of Chinese women with habitually low selenium intake increases plasma selenium, but not milk glutathione peroxidase activity. J.Nutr. Biochem. 2000(11): 341-347
154. Hedrick, H. B., Principles of Meat Science. Erd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA.. 1994.
155. Kropf, D. H. Effects of retail display conditions on meat color. In: Proc. 33rd Recip. Meat Conf., Mest Lafayette, In. 1980. Pp: 15-32
156．张桂梅．有机镁和无机镁对肉仔鸡的营养作用研究．中国农业大学硕士学位论文，2001，6：33
157. Barbut, S.. Color measurements for evaluating the pale soft exudative (PSE) occurrence in turkey meat. Food Res. Int., 1993(26): 39-43
158. Barbut, S. Estimates and detection of the PSE problem in yong turkey breast meat. Can. J. Anim.Sci., 1996(76): 455-457
159. Barbut, S. Problem of pale soft exudative meat in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 1997(38):
355-358
160. Qiao M., D. L. Fletcher, D. P. Smith et al. The Effect of broiler breast meat color on pH, moisture, water-holding capacity and emulsification capacity. In: Poultry Science, 2001(80): 676-680
161. M. Boulianne.,King A.J., Biochemical and color characteristics of skinless boneless pale chicken breast. Poultry Sci. 1995(74): 693-1698
162．陈代文等．猪肉品质特征的形成原理．四川农业大学学报，2002(1)：60-66
163. Froning, G.W.,Babji,A.S.,Mather, F.B., The effect of preslaughter temperature, stress, struggle and anesthetization on color and textural characteristics of turkey muscle. Poultry Sci., 1978(57): 630-633
164. Ngoka, D. A.,Froning,G.W.,Lowry, S.R. et al. Effects of sex, age, preslaughter factors and holding conditions on the quality characteristics and chemical compositions of turkey breast muscles. Poultry Sci. 1982(61): 1996-2993
165．大野庆之等著．金辅建等译．肉制品加工手册．北京：中国工业出版社．2000
166. Hovenier R., Genetic parameters of pig meat quality triats in a halothane-negative popultion [J]. Livestock Production Science. 1992 (32): 309-321
167．李家奎，王小龙．富硒麦芽硒在鸡蛋中的分布及蛋鸡对其相对生物利用率．中国兽医学报，2001(4)：395-398
168. Cantor, A.H. The role of selenium in poultry nutrition. In: Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. Proceeding of Alltech's 13th Annual Symposium, pp: 155-164
169. Gueter W, Bragg D.B..Respense of broiler chick to dietary selenium. Ppoul Sci, 1977(56): 2031-2038
170．孙忠军，康世良．亚硒酸钠在低硒雏鸡体内组织药动学的研究．黑龙江畜牧兽医，1998(2)：1-2
171. Pchron B.G., Countoeing selenium deticiency: organic versus inorganic sources. Feed International. 1993(10): 16-22
172．王茂容．牛营养中的微量元素硒．饲料工业，2000．(3)：14-16
173．呙于明，张丞．肉仔鸡日粮中碘适宜添加量的研究．中国饲料，1998(5)：35
174. Pond W.C., Yen J.T. Response to dietary thyroprotein supplementation in progeny of swine restricted in protein or calories during yesta-tion. [J]. Nutrition Reports International, 1987(6): 1325-1325.
175. Ratel R.M., Patel C.K. Effect of feed on dry matter intake, digestibilities and balance of nutrients by kankrej cow effect of thyroprotein supplementation [J]. Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science. 1989(1): 137-142.
176. Racelis D.H. Study on the use of a thyroprotein preparation as laction stimulant for swine [J]. Philippine Journal of Animal Industry, 1983(314): 59-67.
177．孙延鸣，欧阳五庆．碘化酪蛋白对蛋种鸡生产性能的影响．西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)．2001(6)：87-79
178. Stanley G.S. Effect of Iodine-treated water on the performance of broiler chickens reared under various stocking densities, Poultry Sci. 1989 (68): 435-437
179. John R. Arthur. Non-glutathione peroxidase functions of selenium. In: Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. Proceedings of Alltech's 13th Annual Symposium.pp: 143-154
180. Donald, G.E., Suclinical selenium insufficiency 6. Thermoregulatory ability of perinatal lambs born to ewes supplemented with selenium and iodine. Austr. J. Exp. Agric., 1994(34): 19-24
181．徐日福，孙宪如．肉鸡血浆三碘甲腺原氨酸与屠体性状的相关性．山东畜牧兽医，1998(5)：5-6
182. Berry M. J., The role of selenium in thyroid horomone action. Endocrine Rev. 1992 (13): 207-219
183. Turner C.W, Irwin M R, Reineke E P. Effect of feeding thyroactive iodocasein to Barred Rock Cockerds [J]. Poultry Sci, 1994(23): 242-246
184. Arthur J.R., Beckett G J., New meyabolie roles for selenium, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1994(53): 615-624
185．张在香，杨晓光．哺乳动物硒蛋白的研究进展．生理科学进展，1998(1)：29-34
186．刘年庆．补碘和硒对克汀鼠红血球中的微量元素的影响．核技术，2001(3)：189-193
187．闫玉芹，王丹娜，刘家慧等．碘硒缺乏对大鼠肝脑T_45’—脱碘酶活性的影响．中国地方病防治杂志，1993(1)：7-8
188．马泰，卢倜章，于志恒编．《碘缺乏病》．北京：人民卫生出版社，1993：258-280
189. Srivastava L.S., Turner C.W., Comparison of biological activity of injected and orally administered L-thyroxine, L-triiodothytomine and thy-roprotein in fowls Soc [J]. Exp Bio Med, 1967(126): 157-161.
190. Paul A.T., Semir S.D., The influence of thyroid regulator on blood ascorbic acid leve in the chicken [J]. Poultry Sci., 1961(40): 1063-1067
191．杨丽娥，曹胜丰，程美蓉等．日粮铁锌碘硒水平对蛋鸡代谢酶活力和蛋品质的影响．华中农业大学学报，2001(5)：449-453
192．项建梅，陈祖培，陈黎等．地方性甲状腺肿患者抗氧化能力测定．中国地方病防治杂志，1995(1)：23-26
193. Weiss S.L., Dietary selenium regulation of glutathione peroxidase mRNA and other selenium-dependent parameters in male rats. J. Nutr Biochem, 1997 (8): 85-91
194. Hotz C. S., Dietary iodine and selenium interact to affect thyroid horomone. J. Nutr. 1997(127): 1214-1218
2．硒的故事．饲养时报，1998(4)：4-6
3. Burk. R.F. and Hill. K.E. Regulation of selenoproteins. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 1993(13): 65-81
4．倪银星．硒蛋白、硒与内分泌激素的关系研究进展．国外医学卫生学分册，2002(1)：38-42
5. Flohe. L., Gunzler W,A. and Schock H.H..Glutathione peroxidase: a selenoenzyme. FEBS Lett. 1973(32): 132-134
6. Rotruck, J. T., Pope A.L., Ganther H.E., A.B.Swanson, D.G.Hateman and W.G.Hoekstra. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science. 1973 (179): 588-590
7. Sunde. R.A.A comparision of ovine liver and erythroeyte glutathione peroxidase. Fed. Proc. Fed Soe Exp Biol, 1978 (37): 757
8. Allen,J.G.. A Study of nutritional myopathy in weaner sheep. Aust. Vet. J. 1986(63): 8-13
9．廖金凤．土壤环境中的硒对人体和动物健康的影响．广东微量元素科学2002(3)：20-23
10. Bottje, W., Enkvetchakul B.and Wideman R. Antioxidants, hydrome (Ascite). In: Novus, Nutrition Update 5(2). 1995. pp.: 1-11
11．张世珍，王兴亚．硒和维生素E在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢作用机制的研究．畜牧兽医学报，1997(4)：311-317
12．李宣海，汪余勤．不同硒水平饲料对大鼠抗氧化和肝纤维化的影响．中华消化杂志，1999(5)：309-311
13. Yu,B. P. Cellular defensesagainst damage from reactive oxygen species. Physiol. Rev., 1994 (74): 139-162
14. P. Sobiech, Z.Kuleta. Usefulness of some biochemical indicators in detection of early stages of nutritional muscular dystrophy in lambs. Small Ruminant Research.2002(45):209-215
15. Edens, F.W.,T.A.Carter and A.E.Sefton. Influence of dietary selenium on post-mortern drip loss from breast meat of broiler sgrown on different litters. Poultry Sci., 1996.75(Supplement 1) : 60
16. Downs K M., Hess J. B., Bilgili S.F., Selenium source effect on broiler carcass characteristics meat quality and driploss. Journal of Applied Animal Research. [print]. 18(1). September, 2000:61-72
17. Basini G,Tamanini C. Domest Anim Endocrinol,2000,18(1): 1-17
18．奚刚，楼兴．日粮不同硒水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响．江西农业大学学报，1999(3)：399-401
19. Weiss, S. L. Selenium regulation of classical glutathione peroxidase expression require the 3'untranslated region in Chinese hamster ovary cell., J Nutr. 1997a. 127:1304-1310
20．李飞，杜生海，杨华等．亚硒酸钠VE对奶牛生产性能的影响．草食家畜，2001(4)：49-51
21．魏文志，杨志强，罗方妮等．饲料中添加有机硒对异育银鲫生长的影响．淡水鱼业，2001(3)：
45-46
22. Arnold, R.L., Tissue selenium content and serum tocopherols as influenced by dietary type,selenium and vitamin E.Poultry Sci., 1974(53): 2185-2192.
23. Edens, F.W., Carter. T.A.Improved feathering with dietary organic Se and its modification due to litter material. Poultry Sci., 1997 (Supplement 1): 114
24．步志高，黄克和，陈万芳．硒增强雏鸡对IBD抵抗力机制的细胞免疫研究．中国兽医学报，1996(3)：273-276
25. Wuryastuti H., Stowe H.D., Bull R.W. and Miller E.R. Effects of Vitamin E and selenium on immune responses of peripheral blood, colostrum and milk leukocytes of sows. J. Anim. Sci.1993(71): 2464-2472
26. Berry M J, BanuL, Larsen P R. Type I iodothyroninede iodinase is a selenocysteine containing enzyme. Nature, 1991 (349): 438-441,
27. Croteau W, Davey T. C., Galton V. A. et al. Cloning of mammalian type Ⅱ iodothyroninede iodinase. J. Clin Invest, 1995(98): 405-409
28．朱茂祥，杨陟华，龚诒芬．不同硒化合物抗肿瘤作用的研究．微量元素与健康研究,2000(2)：14-16
29．马卓，陈万芳．镉致小鼠肝损伤过程中自由基的产生及硒的清除作效应．中国兽医学报，1997(1)：50-52
30．贺宝芝，徐臻．有机硒对铅中毒的拮抗作用试验研究．卫生研究，1998(4)：229-232
31．诸亚君，李文广，李学汤．硒预防黄曲霉毒素诱发肝癌的研究．世界元素医学，2000(1)：36-38
32. Raich P.C. Raich P.C.,Lu J,Thompson H.J,Combs G.F.. Selenium in Cancer Prevention: Clinical Issues and Implications. Cancer Investigation, 2001 (5): 540-553
33. Takashi Tamura and Thressa C. Stadtman. A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells; Purification, properties, and thioredoxin reductase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996(93): 1006-1011
34. Higashikubo A, Tanaka N, Noda N, et al. Increase in thioredoxin activity of intestinal epithelial calls mediated by oxidative stree. Biol Pharm Bull, 1999 (22): 900-903
35. Hetze B.S..Iodine deficiency disorders in the world. Human Nutrition and Dietetics.lstedition. New York. Academic Press Inc., 1994 (4): 534-555
36. Victor G. Stanley. Effect of iodine-treated water on the performance of broiler chickens reared under various stocking densities. Poultry Sci., 1989 (3): 435-437
37．许宗运，祁成年．饮高碘水对肉仔鸡生产性能的及组织器官碘含量的影响．中国家禽，1999(5)：3-4
38．马群山，高玉海．微量元素对于种公畜性机能的影响．动物科学与动物医学，1999(5)：19-21
39．奚刚，许梓荣，钱利纯．日粮中碘水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响．浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，2000(2)：165-168
40．哈斯苏荣．乌尼．日粮加碘对雏鸡ND免疫效果的影响．内蒙古农牧学院学报，1994(2)：12-16
41. Saglam K., Trace elements and antioxidant enzymes in Behcet's disease. Rheumatol Int.2002 (22): 93-96
42．吕社民．硒与甲状腺和甲状腺激素代谢．国外医学：医学地理分册
43．呙丁明,John R.Arthur,周毓平．冷应激前后不同碘营养状态下大鼠甲状腺激素水平的变化．北京农业人学学报，1992(4)：447-451
44．吴英德．硒对癌症的预防利临床问题的研究现状．广东微量元素科学，2002(6)：18-25
45. Behne D., Kyriakopoulos A., Meinhold G. et al. Idenfication of type Ⅰ iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase as a selenoenzyme. Biochem Biophy Res Commun, 1990(3): 1143
46. Safran M.Farwell A P. Leonard JL.Evidence that type Ⅰ 5'-deiodinase is not a selenoprotein. J Biochem, 1991(266): 13477
47. Arthur, J.R.,Beckett G.J., Roles of selenium in type Ⅰ iodothyroinne 5'-deiodinase and in thyroid hormone and iodine metabolism. In: Selenium in Biology and Human Health. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994
48. Goyens, P., Golstein.J.,Nsombola, B. etal. Selenium deficiency as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of myxoedem at ousendemic cretinism. Acta Endocrinol, 1987(114): 497-520
49. Beckett, G.J. ,Russell,A.,Nicol,F. et al., Effiect of selenium deficiency on hepatic type Ⅰ 5'—iodothyronine deiodinase activity and hepatic thyroid hormone level in rat. Biochem. J., 1992(282): 483-486
50. Golstein. J., Gorvilain. B., Lamy. F., et al. Effects of a selenium deficient diet on thyroid function fnorma land per chlorate treated rats. Acta Endocrinol, 1988 (118): 495-502
51. Arthur, J. R. Mortice, P. C., Beckett, G. J.et al. Thyroid hormone concentration in selenium deficient and selenium sufficient cattle. Res. Vet. Sci., 1988(2): 142-145
52. Beckett. G. J. Inhibition of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ iodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver, kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency, Biochem. J. 1989 (259): 887-892
53. Contreras. P. A. Effect of a selenium-deficient diet on blood values of T_3 and T_4 in cows. Comparative clinical pathology, 2002(11): 65-70
54．韩博，梁检．硒碘缺乏对黄牛自由基及甲状腺激素代谢的研究．东北农业大学学报．1999(2)
55．张海棠，王自良．赵坤．硒的营养机理及其在肉用畜禽生产中的应用，粮食与饲料工业，1999(10)：34-36
56. Ruz Manuel. Codoceo Juana.,Galgani Jose.et al Single and mutiple selenium-zinc-iodine deficiences affect rat thyroid metabolism and ultrastructure. Journal of Nutrition, Jan. 1999. 129(1):174-180
57．吴晖云．夏弈明．硒缺乏与甲状腺激素代谢及功能．生理科学进展，1995(1)：12-16
58. Behne, D., Effects of dietary selenium on the tissue concent ration of type Ⅰ iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and other selenoproteins, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 1993 (suppl.): 310-318
59．伊木清，夏弈明．硒碘对大鼠谷胱甘肽过氧化物美酶活力及甲状腺激素代谢的影响．卫生研究，1995(2)：100-103
60．David G Masters．动物营养学报，1998(1)：1-11
61. Ferguson K A. Wallace A L C, Lindner H R. Hormonal regulation of wool groeth. In: Lyne A G and Short B F(Editors), Biology of the Skin and Hair. Angus and Robertson. Sydney, 1965.
62. akova Ts .Effect of additive of selenium and Iodine during pregnancy and lactation on milk yield, butterfat and milk protein secretion at ewes of karakachan breed. Zhivotnov'Dni Nauki, 1998(suppl.2): 49-52
63．韩博，梁检．日粮添加硒碘铜对宁夏地区奶牛生产和繁殖性能的影响．南京农业大学学报，2000(3)：76-80
64. Jianhua He. Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, Novermber, 2000(5): 727-732
65．王雪，苏敏．硒和碘对新生大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞生长及原癌基因产物c-fos表达的影响．中国地方病学杂志，1999(3)：188-191
66. Zagrodzki Pawel .The role of selenium in iodine metabolism in children with goiter. Environmental Health Perspectives, Jan.2000 (1): 67-71
67. Cann Stephen A. Hypothesis:Iodine, selenium and the development of breast cancer. Cancer Causes & Control, Feb. 2000(2): 121-127
68．徐成水．微量元素硒与疾病[J]．微量元素与健康研究，1999(4)：64-65
69．李萍，朱滨，刘开泰．微量元素硒与人体健康[J]．微量元素与健康研究，1996(4)：54-55
70. Cantor, A. H. Efficiency of selenium compounds and feedstuffs for prevention of pancreatic fibrosis in chicks. J. Nutr, 1975:105-106
71．夏弈明，赵新娥．硒的化学形式对人血中含硒组分的影响[J]．营养学报，1993(2)：157-16l
72. Roussyn I, Briviba K, Masumoto H. Selenium-containing compounds protect DNA from single-strand breaks caused by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1996(1): 216
73. Collins, V. C., Bioavailability of selenium in selenized yeast for broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 1993,72(Suppl.1): 85
74．纪家玉，顾建平．有机补硒剂对生长猪的影响．中国饲料，1997(20)：23-24
75．张巧娥，何国功，刘红霞．有机硒对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响．宁夏农学院学报,2002(1)：28-29
76. Mahan D.C. Evaluatung the efficacy of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissues selenium retention and serum glutathione peroxidase activitying grower and finish swine. J Anim. 1996(74): 2967-2974
77. Mahan D.C.Effects of dietary levels of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite as selenium sources feed to growing-finishing pigs on performanace,tissues selenium,glutatyhione peroxidase activity, carcass characteristics and lion quality. J. Anim. Sci. 1999(77): 2172-2179.
78. Miller K.D.Influence of dietary selenium source on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characterics and lion quality. J. Anim. Sci. 1999(77):2172-2179.
79. M.Sanz. Selenium and Cancer: Some Nutritional Aspects. Nutrition. 2000(16): 376-383
80．苗健，高琦，许恩来．微量元素与相关疾病[M]．郑州：河南医科大学出版社，1997．121．
81．周光宏 主编．《肉品学》．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1999．7
82．曾志宏．肉的品质与pH值的相关性．肉类工业,2001(1)：31-32
83．孙玉民，罗明．畜禽肉品学[M]．济南：山东科技出版社，1993．252-310
84. Liu Q. Lanari, M.C.and Schaefer,D. M. A review of dietary vitamin E supplementation for improvement of beef quality. Journal of Animal Science. 1995(73): 3131
85．于福清．维生素E、硒对熟化及贮存过程中牛肉氧化稳定性的影响．中国农业科学院硕士研究生论文，2001
86．黄德智编．《新版肉制品配方》．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2002．1
87．李良明主编．《现代肉制品加工大全》．北京：中国农业出版社，2001．8
88．[日]高坂和久著．张向生译．王英若校．《肉制品加工工艺及配方》．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1990．7
89. Hamm, R. Effunctional properities of the myoffibrillar system and their measurements. Ch. 4. In Muscle as Food (P. J. Bechtel, ed.) 1986.pp. 135. Academic Press, New York.
90. Don Manhan. Selenium Supplementation. Feed Compounder, 1999 (4): 18
91．张苏华，王永康．危害分析关键控制点(HACCP)在动物生产上的应用．中国兽医杂志，2001(12)：36-3
92．刘永刚．家禽营养中的硒．国外畜牧学——猪与禽，1984(6)：2-4
93．陆应林，赵万里．高剂量锌碘硒饲粮对蛋鸡生产性能的影响．畜牧与兽医．1999(6)：9-11
94．丁角立编著．《饲料添加剂指南》．北京：中国农业大学出版社，1994，12
95．邱立云．对肉鸡优质问题的认识．养禽与禽病防治,2001(11)：20-23
96．丁海标，许若军等．中国地方鸡的肉质比较．畜牧与兽医．2000(4)：16-18
97．呙于明主编．《家禽营养与饲料》．北京：中国农业大学出版社，1997．
98．吴晋强主编．《动物营养学》(第二版)．合肥：安徽科学技术出版社．1999
99．邱祥聘主编．《家禽学》．成都：四川科学技术出版社，1993
100. Honikel K O. How to rneasure the water holding capacity of meat? Recommendation of standardized methods. In: Evaluation and control of meat quality in pigs Eds. P. V. Tarrant. G. Eikelinboom, G. Monia: Martinus Nijhoff. Publishers. Dordrecht. The Netherlands 1987.
101.Bocard. R.L. Buehter, E. Cosentino, E.Dransfield,D. E. Hood,R. L. Joseph,D.B.Mcolougall.D.N. Rhodes.I.Schon,B.J. Tinbergen and C.Touraile. Procedures for measuring meat quality characteristics in beef production experiments. Report of working group in the commission of the European communities beef production research programe. Livestock Production Science. 1981 (8): 385-387.
102. Brady. E. D. A study of the factors influences tenderness and texture of beef. Animal Production. 1973:246
103. G.Monin. Effects of the RN-gene on some traits of muscle and liver in pigs.38th ICOMST Clermont-Ferrand. France. 1992.
104. Naveau, J. Pommeret P., Lechaux Proposition dune Methode de measure du rundement technologique: "La methode Napole". Techni proc. 1985(8): 7-13
105. SAS User's Guide (Release 8.1). SAS Inst. Inc. Cary. NC.1999
106. Milligan S. D., Miller M. F., Oats C. N., and Ramsey C. B.. Calcium chloride injection and degree of doneness effects on the sensory characteristics of beef inside round roasts. J. Anim. Sci. 1997(75) : 668-672
107. Langlands J. P., Donald G. E., Bowels J. E., Smith A. J. Subclinical selenium insufficiency. 1.Selenium status and the response in live weight and wool production on grazing ewes supplemented with selenium. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1991 a. (31): 25-31
108. Langlands J. P., Donald G. E., Bowels J. E., Smith A. J. Subclinical selenium insufficiency. 2.The response in reproductive performance of grasing ewes supplemented with selenium. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1991 b(31): 33-35
109. Langlands J. P., Donald G. E., Bowels J. E., Smith A J.. Subclinical selenium insufficiency. 3.The selenium status and productivity of lambs to ewes supplemented with selenium. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1991 c(31): 37-39
110．刘美丽，郑明学．添加抗球虫药和硒对肉用仔鸡生长发育的影响．动物科学与动物医学，2002(1)：31-35
111．王海宏，蔡辉益，吴妙宗等．不同硒源对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响．饲料研究，2001(3)：31-3
112．曹新旺，张伟力，王若军．不同硒源对肉仔鸡营养免疫效应及肉品质量的影响．饲料工业，2001(8):46-48
113．王长康．仿土鸡生产的配套与选育方向．福建畜牧兽医，2001(6)：44-46
114．Beer J.V. 陈继兰等译．野禽的营养需要量，《家禽营养研究最新进展》[M]，天津：天津科技出版社，1992：220-225
115．张克英，李志琼，左绍群．饲粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平对雉鸡生产性能的影响．特产研究，200l(1)：9-13
116. Levander, O.A. Selenium. In: Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, 5th Edition, Volume2 (W. Metrz, ed.). Academic Press, Inc. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Orlando, FL. 1986. pg: 209-279
117. Michael Elliot. Factor influencing feathering. Poultry International. 1996(11): 80-81
118．曹新旺．硒源及有机硒-维生素E水平对肉仔鸡营养效应及肉品质量的研究．安徽农业大学硕士研究生学位论文，2001(6)：47
119. Kim Y. Y. ,Mahan D.C.,Effect of dietary selenium source, level and pig hair color on various
selenium indices. J. Anim. Sci., 2001a (79): 949-955
120. Clyburn B.S., Richardson C.R., Miller M.F., et al. Vitamin E and selenium form: effects on beef cattle performance and meat quality. In: Biotechnology ill the Feed Industry. Procceding of Alltech's 16th Annual symposium. Edited by T.P. Lyons and K.A.Jacques.
121. Saglam K. Trace element and antioxidant enzymes in Behcet's diease. Rheumatol Int, 2002(22):93-96
122. Hopkins J. Tudhope GRGlutathione peroxidase in human red cells in health and disease. Br J Haemetol, .1973(25): 563-575
123. Kim Y. Y., Mahan D.C.Comparative effects of high dietary levels of organic and inorganic selenium on selenium toxicity of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 2001b(79): 942-948.
124．黄志坚，邱承亮，林藩平等．不同Se源对奶牛繁殖性能和免疫功能的影响．福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)，2002(1)：76-79
125．孟凡立，威永杰．两种形式的硒对奶牛红细胞内几种抗氧化酶活力影响的研究．黑龙江畜牧兽医，2002(3)：17-18
126. Elstnen E. F. Oxygen activation and oxygen toxicity [J]. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol.. 1982(33): 73-96.
127．罗广华．王爱国．高浓度氧对水稻幼苗的伤害及活性氧防御[A]．中国科学院华南植物研究所集刊[C]．1989(4)：169-176．
128. Braw N.K. DNA strand scission by enzymically generated oxygen radicals [J]. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1981 (2): 414.
129. Kellogg E. W. Superoxide, hydrogenperoxide, and single oxygen in lipid peroxidation by axanthine oxidase system. J.Biol.Chem., 1975(250): 8812-8817
130．霍祥虎．谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的硒代半胱氨酸插入元件．中国生物化学与分子生物学学报，1999(2)：274-279
131．张宏莲，蒋一方．硒云芝多糖对巨噬细胞一氧化氮的影响．中草药,2001(9)：820-822
132．黄素珍，盂雪燕．硒、维生素E对鸡体脂质过氧化的影响．中国兽医学报，1998(2)：191-192
133. Decker E A. Chemical\physical and functional properties of oxidized turkey white muscle myofibrillar proteins. J Agric Food Chem. 1993 (41 ): 86
134．刘国艳，柴春彦，康世良．氟硒碘生物学相关效应的研究进展．上海畜牧兽医通讯,2001(5)：9-11
135. Arthur John R. Functional indicators of iodine and selenium status. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 1999 (2): 507-512
136．刘来利．不同硒营养状态下鸡体内甲状腺激素的变化．甘肃畜牧兽医，2000(5)：15
137. Sellier P. Genetics of meat and carcass traits. In: Rothschild MF, Ruvinsky A,eds. The Genetics of the pig. (Wallinford, UK: CAB International), 1998.pp: 463-510
138. Lawrie R A. Meat Science [M]. Pergamon Press, 1991
139. Naylor, A.J., Choct M., Jacques K.A..Effects of selenium source and level on performance. mortality and meat quality in male broilers. Poster presented at Southern Poultry Science, Atlanta.
Georgia. Jan., 2000: 16-17
140．黄素珍，苗耀先，黄润全．维生素E和硒调控PSE的研究，肉品卫生，2001(3)：7-9
141. Richardson. R I. Vicmin Ein Poultry meat. Poultry international. November. 1994:28-29
142. Northcutt J. K.,Buhr, R.J.,Young,L.L. et al. Influence of age and postchill carcass aging duration on chicken breast fillet quality. Poultry Sic., 2001(8): 808-812
143．陈文为．老年性气虚证与自由基反应．中西医结合杂志，1987(5)：302-304
144. Dickens, J. A.,Lyon,C.E.,The effects of electric stimulation and extended chilling times on the biochemical reactions and texture of cooked broiler breast meat. Poultry Sci. 1995. (74): 2035-2040
145．李同树，井文倩，唐辉等．山东地方鸭与北京鸭的产肉性能及肉质特性研究．山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2001(1)：23-28
146. Lundberg P., Carbon-13 and porton NMR studies of post-mortem metabolism in bovine muscle. Meat Sci. 1986(18): 133-160
147. Huff-Lonergan E. Correlations among seleted pork quality traits. J. Anita Sci Submitted. 2001
148．川井博田．猪肉肌纤维粗细与肉质的关系[J]．郁明发译．国外畜牧学-猪与禽，1983(3)：51-54
149. Dhindsa R. S. Leaf senescence and lipid peroxidation: Effect of some phythohormones, and scavengers of free radicals and single toxygen [J]. Physiol. Plant, 1982(56): 453-457.
150．王建华，刘鸿先．超氧物歧化酶(SOD)在植物逆境和衰老生理中的作用[J]．植物生理学通讯，1989(1)：1-7
151. Youngman. R. J., On the mechanism of paraguat resistance in Conyzasp. [A]. In: Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis and productivity, photosynthesis and environment [C]. Balaban International Science Services Philadelphia, 1981: 537-544.
152．赵晶，康世良．健康仔猪肌注亚硒酸钠后体内抗氧化系统动态变化规律的研究．饲料博览，
153. Moore M. A., Selenium supplementation of Chinese women with habitually low selenium intake increases plasma selenium, but not milk glutathione peroxidase activity. J.Nutr. Biochem. 2000(11): 341-347
154. Hedrick, H. B., Principles of Meat Science. Erd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA.. 1994.
155. Kropf, D. H. Effects of retail display conditions on meat color. In: Proc. 33rd Recip. Meat Conf., Mest Lafayette, In. 1980. Pp: 15-32
156．张桂梅．有机镁和无机镁对肉仔鸡的营养作用研究．中国农业大学硕士学位论文，2001，6：33
157. Barbut, S.. Color measurements for evaluating the pale soft exudative (PSE) occurrence in turkey meat. Food Res. Int., 1993(26): 39-43
158. Barbut, S. Estimates and detection of the PSE problem in yong turkey breast meat. Can. J. Anim.Sci., 1996(76): 455-457
159. Barbut, S. Problem of pale soft exudative meat in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 1997(38):
355-358
160. Qiao M., D. L. Fletcher, D. P. Smith et al. The Effect of broiler breast meat color on pH, moisture, water-holding capacity and emulsification capacity. In: Poultry Science, 2001(80): 676-680
161. M. Boulianne.,King A.J., Biochemical and color characteristics of skinless boneless pale chicken breast. Poultry Sci. 1995(74): 693-1698
162．陈代文等．猪肉品质特征的形成原理．四川农业大学学报，2002(1)：60-66
163. Froning, G.W.,Babji,A.S.,Mather, F.B., The effect of preslaughter temperature, stress, struggle and anesthetization on color and textural characteristics of turkey muscle. Poultry Sci., 1978(57): 630-633
164. Ngoka, D. A.,Froning,G.W.,Lowry, S.R. et al. Effects of sex, age, preslaughter factors and holding conditions on the quality characteristics and chemical compositions of turkey breast muscles. Poultry Sci. 1982(61): 1996-2993
165．大野庆之等著．金辅建等译．肉制品加工手册．北京：中国工业出版社．2000
166. Hovenier R., Genetic parameters of pig meat quality triats in a halothane-negative popultion [J]. Livestock Production Science. 1992 (32): 309-321
167．李家奎，王小龙．富硒麦芽硒在鸡蛋中的分布及蛋鸡对其相对生物利用率．中国兽医学报，2001(4)：395-398
168. Cantor, A.H. The role of selenium in poultry nutrition. In: Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. Proceeding of Alltech's 13th Annual Symposium, pp: 155-164
169. Gueter W, Bragg D.B..Respense of broiler chick to dietary selenium. Ppoul Sci, 1977(56): 2031-2038
170．孙忠军，康世良．亚硒酸钠在低硒雏鸡体内组织药动学的研究．黑龙江畜牧兽医，1998(2)：1-2
171. Pchron B.G., Countoeing selenium deticiency: organic versus inorganic sources. Feed International. 1993(10): 16-22
172．王茂容．牛营养中的微量元素硒．饲料工业，2000．(3)：14-16
173．呙于明，张丞．肉仔鸡日粮中碘适宜添加量的研究．中国饲料，1998(5)：35
174. Pond W.C., Yen J.T. Response to dietary thyroprotein supplementation in progeny of swine restricted in protein or calories during yesta-tion. [J]. Nutrition Reports International, 1987(6): 1325-1325.
175. Ratel R.M., Patel C.K. Effect of feed on dry matter intake, digestibilities and balance of nutrients by kankrej cow effect of thyroprotein supplementation [J]. Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science. 1989(1): 137-142.
176. Racelis D.H. Study on the use of a thyroprotein preparation as laction stimulant for swine [J]. Philippine Journal of Animal Industry, 1983(314): 59-67.
177．孙延鸣，欧阳五庆．碘化酪蛋白对蛋种鸡生产性能的影响．西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)．2001(6)：87-79
178. Stanley G.S. Effect of Iodine-treated water on the performance of broiler chickens reared under various stocking densities, Poultry Sci. 1989 (68): 435-437
179. John R. Arthur. Non-glutathione peroxidase functions of selenium. In: Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. Proceedings of Alltech's 13th Annual Symposium.pp: 143-154
180. Donald, G.E., Suclinical selenium insufficiency 6. Thermoregulatory ability of perinatal lambs born to ewes supplemented with selenium and iodine. Austr. J. Exp. Agric., 1994(34): 19-24
181．徐日福，孙宪如．肉鸡血浆三碘甲腺原氨酸与屠体性状的相关性．山东畜牧兽医，1998(5)：5-6
182. Berry M. J., The role of selenium in thyroid horomone action. Endocrine Rev. 1992 (13): 207-219
183. Turner C.W, Irwin M R, Reineke E P. Effect of feeding thyroactive iodocasein to Barred Rock Cockerds [J]. Poultry Sci, 1994(23): 242-246
184. Arthur J.R., Beckett G J., New meyabolie roles for selenium, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1994(53): 615-624
185．张在香，杨晓光．哺乳动物硒蛋白的研究进展．生理科学进展，1998(1)：29-34
186．刘年庆．补碘和硒对克汀鼠红血球中的微量元素的影响．核技术，2001(3)：189-193
187．闫玉芹，王丹娜，刘家慧等．碘硒缺乏对大鼠肝脑T_45’—脱碘酶活性的影响．中国地方病防治杂志，1993(1)：7-8
188．马泰，卢倜章，于志恒编．《碘缺乏病》．北京：人民卫生出版社，1993：258-280
189. Srivastava L.S., Turner C.W., Comparison of biological activity of injected and orally administered L-thyroxine, L-triiodothytomine and thy-roprotein in fowls Soc [J]. Exp Bio Med, 1967(126): 157-161.
190. Paul A.T., Semir S.D., The influence of thyroid regulator on blood ascorbic acid leve in the chicken [J]. Poultry Sci., 1961(40): 1063-1067
191．杨丽娥，曹胜丰，程美蓉等．日粮铁锌碘硒水平对蛋鸡代谢酶活力和蛋品质的影响．华中农业大学学报，2001(5)：449-453
192．项建梅，陈祖培，陈黎等．地方性甲状腺肿患者抗氧化能力测定．中国地方病防治杂志，1995(1)：23-26
193. Weiss S.L., Dietary selenium regulation of glutathione peroxidase mRNA and other selenium-dependent parameters in male rats. J. Nutr Biochem, 1997 (8): 85-91
194. Hotz C. S., Dietary iodine and selenium interact to affect thyroid horomone. J. Nutr. 1997(127): 1214-1218