兰州市区志贺菌毒力基因型及毒力研究
|
摘要
目的:调查兰州市区腹泻患者中志贺菌的感染率和感染型别;确定兰州市区分离志贺菌株的毒力基因型;测定不同毒力基因型志贺菌的毒力,以探讨毒力与毒力基因型的关系。
方法:选择兰州市区三家三甲医院门、急诊急性腹泻患者,采用分离培养、生化反应和血清学鉴别确定兰州市区腹泻患者中志贺菌的感染率和感染型别;设计引物,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,检测志贺菌肠毒素1基因(setlA和setlB)、志贺菌肠毒素2基因(sen)、侵袭性质粒抗原H基因(ipaH)、侵袭相关位点基因(ial)以及多重调控基因virA,确定兰州市区分离志贺菌株的毒力基因型;以腹腔注射为感染途径,测定不同毒力基因型的志贺菌对昆明种小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。
结果:
1.从80例急性腹泻患者粪便中分离出志贺菌16株,阳性率为20.0%。其中福氏志贺菌9株,占56.2%,宋内志贺菌6株,占37.5%,痢疾志贺菌1株,占6.2%。同一菌群的不同志贺菌间在生化反应和抗原性方面存在差异。
2.兰州市区的志贺菌毒力基因virA、setlA阳性率最高,为100%;ipaH次之,阳性率为93.7%;ial、sen阳性率分别为56.2%、62.5%;setlB阳性率最低,仅为25.0%。除virA、ipaH、setlA外,宋内志贺菌sen阳性率较高,为50.0%;ial检出率较低,为33.3%,6株宋内志贺菌均未检出setlB。福氏志贺菌ial、setlB、sen阳性率分别为66.7%、44.4%、66.7%均高于宋内志贺菌。
3.7株不同毒力基因型(virA+ipaH+setlA,virA+ial+ipaH+setlA+setlB+sen,virA+setlA,virA+ial+ipaH+setlA+sen,virA+ipaH+setlA+sen,virA+ipaH+setlA+setlB,virA+ial+ipaH+setlA+setlB)志贺菌LD50测定的结果分别为:1.422×10~9cfu/ml、6.653×10~7 cfu/ml、阴性、6.653×10~8 cfu/ml、1.422×10~9 cfu/ml、1.422×10~9cfu/ml、6.653×10~8 cfu/ml;对照宋内志贺菌51334的LD50为3.062×10~9 cfu/ml。
结论:
1.兰州市区腹泻患者中志贺菌的感染率为20.0%左右,感染菌群以福氏志贺菌为主,其次为宋内志贺菌。宋内志贺菌感染的比例相对较高,占37.5%。
2.兰州市区志贺菌中存在virA、ial、ipaH、setlA、setlB、sen毒力基因,以virA,setlA,ipaH较稳定。志贺菌相关毒力基因检测中,福氏志贺菌检出率高于宋内志贺菌。宋内志贺菌携带setlA。
3兰州市区志贺菌的毒力与毒力基因型密切相关,以virA、ial、ipaH、setlA、setlB和sen均阳性的福氏志贺菌Ⅳ型毒力最强。
4.virA,setlA,ipaH基因可作为靶基因用于兰州市区志贺菌的检验。setlB可用于筛选福氏志贺菌Ⅳ型菌株。
Objective:To investigate the rate and the type of Shigella spp infection among the patients suffered with the diarrhea in Lanzhou city.To detect the virulent genotype of the Shigella spp separated from the patients lived in Lanzhou city.To measure the virulence of Shigella with different virulent genes in order to investigate their relation among virulent genotype and virulence.
Methods:The ordinary and acute diarrheal patients came to the three third A grade hospitals in Lanzhou city were enrolled in the study.The isolated culture, biochemical reaction and serological method were used to identify the rate and the type of Shigella spp infection among the patients in the area.The virulent genes of SHET1(setlA、setlB),SHET2(sen),ipaH,ial and virA of Shigella spp were detected by PCR.The Shigella with different virulent genes was chosen to detect its virulence. The healthy Kunming mouse were chosen as laboratory animal to detect the median lethal dose(LD50)by intraperitoneal injection.
Results:
1.16 Shigella strains were isolated from 80 diarrheal patients.The positive rate of Shigella was 20%.All the isolated Shigella strains were composed with 9 S.flexneri strains(56.3%),6 S.sonnei strains(37.5%)and 1 S.dysenteriae strain(6.3%).There exit difference in biochemical reaction and antigenicity in different strain among the same Shigella group.
2.The virulent genes of virA and setlA were presented in all the Shigella strains. The positive rate of ipaH,ial and sen genes were 93.7%,56.2%and 62.5% respectively.The setlB only presented in some S.flexneri strains and the positive rate were 25%.Except for virA,ipaH and setlA genes,the positive rate of sen in S.sonnei strains were 50.0%.The positive rate of ial were 33.3%.The setlB were not found in the 6 S.sonnei strains.The positive rate of ial,setlB and sen in S.flexneri strains were 66.7%,44.4%and 66.7%respectively.The positive rate of ial,setlB and sen in S. flexneri strains were higher than that in S.sonnei strains.
3.The LD50 of the seven Shiglla strains with the different virulent genotype in virA+ipaH+setlA,virA+ial+ipaH+setlA+setlB+sen,virA+setlA,virA+ial+ipaH+ setlA+sen,virA+ipaH+setlA+sen,virA+ipaH+setlA+setlB and virA+ial+ipaH+setlA +setlB were 1.422×10~9 cfu/ml,6.653×10~7 cfu/ml,-,6.653×10~8 cfu/ml,1.422×10~9 cfu/ml,1.422×10~9 cfu/ml and 6.653×10~8 cfu/ml respectively.The LD50 of the quality control S.sonnei 51334 was 3.062×10~9 cfu/ml.
Conclusions:
1.There were about 20%diarrheal patients infected by Shigella spp.The predominant prevalent species was S.flexneri and the second was S.sonnei.The S. sonnei strain infection was higher in Lanzhou city comparatively with the other place.
2.There present virulent genes of virA,ial,ipaH,setlA,setlB and sen among the Shigella strains in Lanzhou city.The virA,setlA and ipaH present stably in the Shigella strain in the area.The positive rate of virulent genes of the S.flexneri strains was higher than that in the S.sonnei strains.There exists setlA in the S.sonnei strains in the area.
3.There has good correlation between Shigella virulence and virulent genotype.S. flexneri typeⅣwith virA,ial,ipaH,setlA,setlB and sen have the strongest virulence in all genotype strains.
4.The virA,setlA and ipaH can be used as the target genes to detect the Shigella in Lanzhou city.SetlB can be used to select the S.flexneri typeⅣin the area.
方法:选择兰州市区三家三甲医院门、急诊急性腹泻患者,采用分离培养、生化反应和血清学鉴别确定兰州市区腹泻患者中志贺菌的感染率和感染型别;设计引物,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,检测志贺菌肠毒素1基因(setlA和setlB)、志贺菌肠毒素2基因(sen)、侵袭性质粒抗原H基因(ipaH)、侵袭相关位点基因(ial)以及多重调控基因virA,确定兰州市区分离志贺菌株的毒力基因型;以腹腔注射为感染途径,测定不同毒力基因型的志贺菌对昆明种小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。
结果:
1.从80例急性腹泻患者粪便中分离出志贺菌16株,阳性率为20.0%。其中福氏志贺菌9株,占56.2%,宋内志贺菌6株,占37.5%,痢疾志贺菌1株,占6.2%。同一菌群的不同志贺菌间在生化反应和抗原性方面存在差异。
2.兰州市区的志贺菌毒力基因virA、setlA阳性率最高,为100%;ipaH次之,阳性率为93.7%;ial、sen阳性率分别为56.2%、62.5%;setlB阳性率最低,仅为25.0%。除virA、ipaH、setlA外,宋内志贺菌sen阳性率较高,为50.0%;ial检出率较低,为33.3%,6株宋内志贺菌均未检出setlB。福氏志贺菌ial、setlB、sen阳性率分别为66.7%、44.4%、66.7%均高于宋内志贺菌。
3.7株不同毒力基因型(virA+ipaH+setlA,virA+ial+ipaH+setlA+setlB+sen,virA+setlA,virA+ial+ipaH+setlA+sen,virA+ipaH+setlA+sen,virA+ipaH+setlA+setlB,virA+ial+ipaH+setlA+setlB)志贺菌LD50测定的结果分别为:1.422×10~9cfu/ml、6.653×10~7 cfu/ml、阴性、6.653×10~8 cfu/ml、1.422×10~9 cfu/ml、1.422×10~9cfu/ml、6.653×10~8 cfu/ml;对照宋内志贺菌51334的LD50为3.062×10~9 cfu/ml。
结论:
1.兰州市区腹泻患者中志贺菌的感染率为20.0%左右,感染菌群以福氏志贺菌为主,其次为宋内志贺菌。宋内志贺菌感染的比例相对较高,占37.5%。
2.兰州市区志贺菌中存在virA、ial、ipaH、setlA、setlB、sen毒力基因,以virA,setlA,ipaH较稳定。志贺菌相关毒力基因检测中,福氏志贺菌检出率高于宋内志贺菌。宋内志贺菌携带setlA。
3兰州市区志贺菌的毒力与毒力基因型密切相关,以virA、ial、ipaH、setlA、setlB和sen均阳性的福氏志贺菌Ⅳ型毒力最强。
4.virA,setlA,ipaH基因可作为靶基因用于兰州市区志贺菌的检验。setlB可用于筛选福氏志贺菌Ⅳ型菌株。
Objective:To investigate the rate and the type of Shigella spp infection among the patients suffered with the diarrhea in Lanzhou city.To detect the virulent genotype of the Shigella spp separated from the patients lived in Lanzhou city.To measure the virulence of Shigella with different virulent genes in order to investigate their relation among virulent genotype and virulence.
Methods:The ordinary and acute diarrheal patients came to the three third A grade hospitals in Lanzhou city were enrolled in the study.The isolated culture, biochemical reaction and serological method were used to identify the rate and the type of Shigella spp infection among the patients in the area.The virulent genes of SHET1(setlA、setlB),SHET2(sen),ipaH,ial and virA of Shigella spp were detected by PCR.The Shigella with different virulent genes was chosen to detect its virulence. The healthy Kunming mouse were chosen as laboratory animal to detect the median lethal dose(LD50)by intraperitoneal injection.
Results:
1.16 Shigella strains were isolated from 80 diarrheal patients.The positive rate of Shigella was 20%.All the isolated Shigella strains were composed with 9 S.flexneri strains(56.3%),6 S.sonnei strains(37.5%)and 1 S.dysenteriae strain(6.3%).There exit difference in biochemical reaction and antigenicity in different strain among the same Shigella group.
2.The virulent genes of virA and setlA were presented in all the Shigella strains. The positive rate of ipaH,ial and sen genes were 93.7%,56.2%and 62.5% respectively.The setlB only presented in some S.flexneri strains and the positive rate were 25%.Except for virA,ipaH and setlA genes,the positive rate of sen in S.sonnei strains were 50.0%.The positive rate of ial were 33.3%.The setlB were not found in the 6 S.sonnei strains.The positive rate of ial,setlB and sen in S.flexneri strains were 66.7%,44.4%and 66.7%respectively.The positive rate of ial,setlB and sen in S. flexneri strains were higher than that in S.sonnei strains.
3.The LD50 of the seven Shiglla strains with the different virulent genotype in virA+ipaH+setlA,virA+ial+ipaH+setlA+setlB+sen,virA+setlA,virA+ial+ipaH+ setlA+sen,virA+ipaH+setlA+sen,virA+ipaH+setlA+setlB and virA+ial+ipaH+setlA +setlB were 1.422×10~9 cfu/ml,6.653×10~7 cfu/ml,-,6.653×10~8 cfu/ml,1.422×10~9 cfu/ml,1.422×10~9 cfu/ml and 6.653×10~8 cfu/ml respectively.The LD50 of the quality control S.sonnei 51334 was 3.062×10~9 cfu/ml.
Conclusions:
1.There were about 20%diarrheal patients infected by Shigella spp.The predominant prevalent species was S.flexneri and the second was S.sonnei.The S. sonnei strain infection was higher in Lanzhou city comparatively with the other place.
2.There present virulent genes of virA,ial,ipaH,setlA,setlB and sen among the Shigella strains in Lanzhou city.The virA,setlA and ipaH present stably in the Shigella strain in the area.The positive rate of virulent genes of the S.flexneri strains was higher than that in the S.sonnei strains.There exists setlA in the S.sonnei strains in the area.
3.There has good correlation between Shigella virulence and virulent genotype.S. flexneri typeⅣwith virA,ial,ipaH,setlA,setlB and sen have the strongest virulence in all genotype strains.
4.The virA,setlA and ipaH can be used as the target genes to detect the Shigella in Lanzhou city.SetlB can be used to select the S.flexneri typeⅣin the area.
引文
1.Hale T L,Formal S B.Pathogenesis of Shigella infections J.Pathol Immunopathol Res,1987,6(2):117-127.
2.Khan AM,Rabbani GH,Faru.que ASG,Fuchs GJ.WHO-ORS in treatment of shigellosis.J Diarrhoeal Dis Res.1999,17:88-89
3.张继瑜,周绪正,李剑勇,等志贺菌的致病性及其分子机理.中国预防兽医学报。2004,26(6):479-481.
4.周正任主编.医学微生物学.人民卫生出版社,第6版.北京:2003,165
5.徐建国.毒力岛和细菌毒力的进化.中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,1999,19(2):169-171
6.周东顺,朱瑞良.细菌毒力岛的研究现状及展望.中国兽医杂志,2005,41(11):31-34。
7.颜英俊,尹一兵,康格非,等细菌感染过程建立的分子机制.国外医学临床生物化学与检验学分册.2000,21(1):13-15
8.Vargas M,Gascon J,DE Anta MT,et al.Prevalence of Shigella enterotoxins 1 and 2 among Shigella strains isolated from patients with traveler's diarrhea J.J Clin Microbiol,1999,37(11):3608-3611。
9.Fasano A,Noriega FR,Liao FM,Wang W,Levine MM.Effect of shigella enterotoxin 1(SHET1)on rabbit intestine in vitro and in vivo.Gut.1997,40(4):505-11.
10.Yavzori M,Cohen D,Orr N.Prevalence of the genes for Shigella enterotoxin 1and 2 among clinical isolates of Shigella in israel J.Epidemiol Infect 2002,128(3):533-535
11.Uchiya K,TobeT,Komatsu K,Suzuki T,Watarai M.Fukuda I,Yoshikawa M,S Asakawa C.Identification of a novel virulence virulence gene,virA,On the large plasmid of Shigella,involved in invasion and intercellular Spreading.Mol Microbiol.1995,17:241-250
12.Yoshida S,Katayama E,Kuwae A,Mimuro H,Suzuki T,Sasakawa C.Shigella deliver an effector protein to trigger host microtubule destabilization,which promotes Rac1 activity and efficient bacterial internalization.EMBOJ.2002,21(12):2923-35.
13.Sasakawa,C.,Kamata,K.,Sakai,T.,Murayama,Virulence-asscociated genetic regions compreisin 31 kilobase of ther 230-kilobase plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a.J Bacteriol,1988,170:2480-2484
14.许龙,周晓巍,黄培堂.致病岛及其分泌系统.生物技术通讯,2006,17(4):614-617
15.Mavris M,Page AL,Tournebize R,Demers B,Sansonetti P,Parsot C Regulation of transcription by the activity of the Shigella flexneri type Ⅲ secretion apparatus..Mol Microbiol.2002,43(6):1543-53.
16.董杰.志贺菌检测技术研究进展.中国预防医学杂志,2007,8,8(4):504-506
17.吴振龙,聂军.鉴定致病菌毒力因子方法的进展.疾病控制杂志,2001,12(5):335-338。
18.Fernandez-Prada CM,Hoover DL,Tall BD,Hartman AB,Kopelowitz J,.Venkatesan MMShigella flexneri IpaH(7.8)facilitates escape of virulent bacteria from the endocytic vacuoles of mouse and human macrophages.Infect Immun.2000,68(6):3608-19.
19.Venkatesan MM,Goldberg MB,Rose DJ,Grotbeck EJ,Budand V,Blattner FRComplete DNA sequence and analysis of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri.Infect Immun.2001,69(5):3271-85.
20.Al-Hasani K,Rajakumar K,Bulach D,Robins-Browne R,Adler B,Sakellaris H Genetic organization of the she pathogenicity island in Shigella flexneri 2a.Microb Pathog.2001,30(1):1-8..
21.Krishnamohan A,Balaji V,Veluthambi KEfficient vir gene induction in Agrobacterium tumefaciens requires virA,virG,and vir box from the same Ti plasmid.J Bacteriol.2001,183(13):4079-89..
22.Toyotome T,Suzuki T,Kuwae A,Nonaka T,Fukuda H,Imajoh-Ohmi S,Toyofuku T,Hori M,Sasakawa C.Shigella protein IpaH(9.8)is secreted from bacteria within mammalian cells and transported to the nucleus.J Biol Chem.2001,276(34):32071-9
23.Mavris M,Sansonetti PJ,Parsot C.Identification of the cis-acting site involved in activation of promoters regulated by activity of the type Ⅲ secretion apparatus in Shigella flexneri.J Bacteriol.2002,184(24):6751-9.
24.Kane CD,Schuch R,Day WA Jr,Maurelli ATMxiE regulates intracellular expression of factors secreted by the Shigella flexneri 2a type Ⅲ secretion system.J Bacteriol.2002,184(16):4409-19.
25.Yoshida S,Katayama E,Kuwae A,Mimuro H,Suzuki T,Sasakawa CShigella deliver an effector protein to trigger host microtubule destabilization,which promotes Rac1 activity and efficient bacterial internalization.EMBO J.2002 J,21(12):2923-35.
26.Behrens M,Sheikh J,Nataro JP.Regulation of the overlapping pic/set locus in Shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.Infect Immun.2002,70(6):2915-25.
27.Beloin C,Dorman CJAn extended role for the nucleoid structuring protein H-NS in the virulence gene regulatory cascade of Shigella flexneri.Mol Microbiol.2003,47(3):825-38..
28.Penno C,Sansonetti P,Parsot C.Frameshifting by transcriptional slippage is involved in production of MxiE,the transcription activator regulated by the activity of the type Ⅲsecretion apparatus in Shigella flexneri.Mol Microbiol.2005,56(1):204-14.
29.Phantouamath B,Sithivong N,Insisiengmay S,Ichinose Y,Higa N,Song T,Iwanaga M.Pathogenicity of Shigella in healthy carriers:a study in Vientiane,Lao People's Democratic Republic.Jpn J Infect Dis.2005,58(4):232-4.
30.Ashida H,Toyotome T,Nagai T,Sasakawa C.Shigella chromosomal IpaH proteins are secreted via the type Ⅲ secretion system and act as effectors.Mol Microbiol.2007,63(3):680-93
31.史兆兴,王恒豫,冯尔玲.志贺菌与宿主细胞之间相互作用的研究进展.军事医学科学院院刊,2003,10,27(5):373-376.
32.史兆兴,王恒豫,胡垄.志贺菌福氏2a入侵上皮细胞诱导表达的毒力相关基因筛选与鉴定.中国科学C辑(生命科学)2004,34(3):216-222
33.钱雪琴,李雪萍,王重振.福氏志贺菌感染豚鼠和Hela细胞的毒力.复旦学报(医学版),2004,3,31(2):132-134。
34.陈明亮,王琪,董生福.组氨酸蛋白酶Envz抑制剂对福氏志贺菌毒力影响的初步研究.复旦学报(医学版),2007,5,34(3):317-322
35.白石山,夏桂枝,李秀霞.set1/set2毒力基因分型在F2a菌痢暴发流行病学调查中的意义.生物学杂志,1999,16(16):15-16
36.Yavzori M,Cohen D,Orr N.Prevalence of the genes for shigella enterotoxins 1 and 2 among clinical isolates of shigella in Israel.Epidemiol Infect.2002,128(3):533-5.
37.郝加虎,叶冬青,王红,等.不同地区福氏2a志贺菌质粒DNA多态性分析.中国公共卫生,2003,19(7):809-811.
38.夏桂枝,叶礼燕,王红等.基因探针和PCR方法在菌痢流行病学研究中的应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2004,20(12):1062-1064
39.Niyogi SK,Vargas M,Vila J.Prevalence of the sat,set and sen genes among diverse serotypes of Shigella flexneri strains isolated from patients with acute diarrhoea.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004,10(6):574-6.
40.Vu DT,Sethabutr O,Von Seidlein L,Tran VT,Do GC,Bui TC,Le HT,Lee H,Houng HS,Hale TL,Clemens JD,Mason C,Dang DTDetection of Shigella by a PCR assay targeting the ipaH gene suggests increased prevalence of shigellosis in Nha Trang,Vietnam.J Clin Microbiol.2004,42(5):2031-5.
41.Thong KL,Hoe SL,Puthucheary SD,Yasin RMDetection of virulence genes in Malaysian Shigella species by multiplex PCR assay.BMC Infect Dis.2005,14;5(1):8.
42.von Seidlein L,Kim DR,All M,Lee H,Wang X,Thiem VD,Canh do G,Chaicumpa W,Agtini MD,Hossain A,Bhutta ZA,Mason C,Sethabutr O,Talukder K,Nair GB,Deen JL,Kotloff K,Clemens J.A multicentre study of Shigella diarrhoea in six Asian countries:disease burden,clinical manifestations,and microbiology.PLoS Med.2006,3(9):e353
43.柯碧霞,邓小玲,潭海玲,等广东省福氏志贺菌毒力基因的研究.J华南预防医学200632(2):56-60
44.Farshad S,Sheikhi R,Japoni A,Basiri E,Alborzi ACharacterization of Shigella strains in Iran by plasmid profile analysis and PCR amplification of ipa genes.J Clin Microbiol.2006,44(8):2879-83.
45..Talukder KA,Khajanchi BK,Islam MA,Dutta DK,Islam Z,Khan SI,Nair GB,Sack DA.The emerging strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 in Bangladesh are clonal.Epidemiol Infect.2006,134(6):1249-56
46.Roy S,Thanasekaran K,Dutta Roy AR,Sehgal SCDistribution of Shigella enterotoxin genes and secreted autotransporter toxin gene among diverse species and serotypes of shigella isolated from Andaman Islands,India.Trop Med Int Health.2006,11(11):1694-8.
47.靳会娟,任艳萍,卢星,济源市福氏志贺菌毒力基因分型与分析.中国卫2007,17(3):508-546.
48.陈道利,詹圣伟,李振军.马鞍山市志贺菌福氏4C亚型毒力基因分布.中国公共卫生,2007,9,23(9):1104-1106.
49.杨小蓉,何树森,赵晋.2006年四川省菌痢暴发疫情分子流行病学分析.预防医学情报杂志2008,2,24(2):125-128.
50.Yavzori M,Cohen D,Wassedauf R,AmbarR,Rechavi G,Ashkenazi S.Identification of Shigella species in stool specimens by DNA amplification of different loci of the Shigella virulence plasmid.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.1994,13(3):232-7.
51.Noriega FR,Liao FM,Formal SB,et al.Prevalence of Shigella enterotoxin 1 among Shigella Clinical isolates of diverse serotypes J.J Infect Dis,1995,172(5):1408-1410。
52.白石山,李秀霞,夏桂枝等.福氏2a志贺菌肠毒素基因分型.中华流行病学杂志,2000.21(4):280-282.
53.杨春梅,王福元,刘小云等.PCR检测志贺菌和侵袭性大肠埃希菌的侵袭性质粒抗原H基因临床检验杂志,2001,19(5):280-281.
54.郝加虎,叶冬青,王红,等.志贺菌属肠毒素SHET1/SHET2的基因型PCR分析J中华传染病杂志,2003,31(6):407-409
55.熊艳,江元山,陈智,等志贺菌毒力相关基因的PCR检测分析.中国卫生检验杂志 2007,17(5);805-904.
56.赵丽华,周勇,万成松.分子信标PCR检测志贺菌ipaH基因.热带医学杂志2006,5,6(5):499-502
57.李仲兴,郑家齐,李家宏,诊断细菌学.黄河文化出版社1992年11月第二版。
58.王羽,张字久,赵明刚,第三版全国临床检验操作规程.东南大学出版社2006年11月第3版
59.成大荣,黄维嘉,张迎春等,不同毒力基因型大肠杆菌的毒力测定.动物医学进展,200526(12):78-80
60.张广业,甘肃省痢疾杆菌菌型变迁及耐药检测[J].甘肃科技纵横,2007,6:166。
1.Thomas Larry Hale.Genetic basis of virulence in Shigella species.Micrological reviews,1991,55(2):206-224
2.严杰,钱利生,余传霖。临床医学分子细菌学。人民卫生出版社2005年8月第1版。53-55页。
3.Sasakawa,C.,Kamata,K.,Sakai,T.,Murayama,Virulence-asscociated genetic regions compreisin 31 kilobase of ther 230-kilobase plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a.J Bacteriol,1988,170:2480-2484
4.许龙,周晓巍,黄培堂.致病岛及其分泌系统.生物技术通讯,2006,17(4):614-617
5.Mary E.Marquart,Wendy L.Picking,and Willaiam D,Picking.Soluble incasion plasmid antigen C(IpaC)from Shigella flexneri elicits epithelial cell respondes related to prthogen invasion.Infect.Immun.1996,64:4182-4187
6.High,N.,J.Mounier,M.C.prevost,and P.J.Sansonetti.IpaB of Shigella flexnero causes entry into epithelial cellls and escape from the phagocytic vacuole.EMBO J.1992,11:1991-1999
7.张继瑜,周绪正,李剑勇,等志贺菌的致病性及其分子机理J中国预防兽医学报。2004,26(6):479-481.
8.Steven E.Schutzer,P.K.Cole,Lauren B.Krupp,Zhidian Deng,Anita L.Belman,Raymond Dattwyler,and Benjamin J.Luft.Simultaneous expression of Borrelia OspA and OspC and IgM response in cerebrospinal fluid in Early neurologic lyme disease.J Clin Invest.1997,100:763-767
9.杨霞,王川庆。志贺菌致病的分子机制及分子流行病学研究进展.河南农科学,2006,07:101-104
10.Mavris M,Sansonetti PJ,Parsot C.Identification of the cis-acting site involved in activation of promoters regulated by activity of the type Ⅲ secretion apparatus in Shigella flexneri.J Bacteriol.2002,184(24):6751-9.
11.Kane CD,Schuch R,Day WA Jr,Maurelli ATMxiE regulates intracellular expression of factors secreted by the Shigella flexneri 2a type Ⅲ secretion system.J Bacteriol.2002,184(16):4409-19.
12.Ashida H,Toyotome T,Nagai T,Sasakawa C.Shigella chromosomal IpaH proteins are secreted via the type III secretion system and act as effectors. Mol Microbiol. 2007 , 63(3):680-93.
13. Toyotome T, Suzuki T, Kuwae A, Nonaka T, Fukuda H, Imajoh-Ohmi S, Toyofuku T, Hori M, Sasakawa C.Shigella protein IpaH(9.8) is secreted from bacteria within mammalian cells and transported to the nucleus. J Biol Chem. 2001, 24;276(34):32071-9.
14. Fernandez-Prada CM, Hoover DL, Tall BD, Hartman AB, Kopelowitz J,. Venkatesan MMShigella flexneri IpaH(7.8) facilitates escape of virulent bacteria from the endocytic vacuoles of mouse and human macrophages. Infect Immun. 2000, 68(6):3608-19.
15. Sasakawa, C, Kamata, K., Sakai, T., Murayama, S..Y, Makino, S., and Yoshikawa., Molecular alterration of the 140-megadalton plasmid associated with loss of virrulence and Congo red binding activithy in Shigella flexneri. Infect Immun, 1986,51:470-475
16. Phantouamath B, Sithivong N, Insisiengmay S, Ichinose Y, Higa N, Song T, Iwanaga M.Pathogenicity of Shigella in healthy carriers: a study in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005 ,58(4):232-4.
17. Thong KL, Hoe SL, Puthucheary SD, Yasin RMDetection of virulence genes in Malaysian Shigella species by multiplex PCR assay. BMC Infect Dis. 2005,14;5(1):8.
18. Lynday Radnedge,Michael A.Davis,Brenda Youngren,and Stutart JAustin. Plasmid maintenance functions of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella FlexneriJ Bacteriol.1997, 179:3670-3675.
19 Sameera Sayeed,Lucretia Reaves,Lyndsay Radnedge,and Stuart Austin.The Stability region of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri encodes an efficient postsegregational killing systemJ Bacteriol.2000,182;2416-2421.
20 Raymond SchuchAnthony T.Maurelli.Virulence plasmid instability in Shigella flexneri 2a is induced by virulence gene expression.Infect Immun.1997, 65:3686-3692
21. Fasano A,Noriega FR,Liao FM,Wang W,Levine MM. Effect of shigella enterotoxin 1 (SHET1) on rabbit intestine in vitro and in vivo.Gut. 1997, 40(4):505-11.
22. Yavzori M,Cohen D,Orr N.Prevalence of the genes for Shigella enterotoxin land 2 among clinical isolates of Shigella in israel J. Epidemiol Infect 2002,128(3):533-535
23. 唐传玲, 志贺菌属致病的研究进展. 国外医学微生物学分册[J]. 2004, 27 (6): 22-24.
24. Krishnamohan A, Balaji V, Veluthambi KEfficient vir gene induction in Agrobacterium tumefaciens requires virA,virG,and vir box from the same Ti plasmid.J Bacteriol.2001,183(13):4079-89..
25.Uchiya K,TobeT,Komatsu K,Suzuki T,Watarai M.Fukuda I,Yoshikawa M,S Asakawa C.Identification of a novel virulence virulence gene,virA,On the large plasmid of Shigella,involved in invasion and intercellular Spreading.Mol Microbiol.1995,17:241-250
26.Yoshida S,Katayama E,Kuwae A,Mimuro H,Suzuki T,Sasakawa C.Shigella deliver an effector protein to trigger host microtubule destabilization,which promotes Rac1 activity and efficient bacterial intemalization.EMBOJ.2002,21(12):2923-35.
27.Beloin C,Dorman CJAn extended role for the nucleoid structuring protein H-NS in the virulence gene regulatory cascade of Shigella flexneri.Mol Microbiol.2003,47(3):825-38..
28.Nakata N,Tobe T,Fukuda I,Suzuki T,Komatsu K,Yoshikawa M,Sasakawa C The absence of a surface protease,OmpT,determines the intercellular Spreading ability of Shigella:the relationship between the ompT and kcpA loci.Mol Microbiol.1993,9:459-468
29.Penno C,Sansonetti P,Parsot C.Frameshifting by transcriptional slippage is involved in production of MxiE,the transcription activator regulated by the activity of the type Ⅲsecretion apparatus in Shigella flexneri.Mol Microbiol.2005,56(1):204-14.
30.史兆兴,王恒豫,冯尔玲.志贺菌与宿主细胞之间相互作用的研究进展.军事医学科学院院刊,2003,10,27(5):373-376.
2.Khan AM,Rabbani GH,Faru.que ASG,Fuchs GJ.WHO-ORS in treatment of shigellosis.J Diarrhoeal Dis Res.1999,17:88-89
3.张继瑜,周绪正,李剑勇,等志贺菌的致病性及其分子机理.中国预防兽医学报。2004,26(6):479-481.
4.周正任主编.医学微生物学.人民卫生出版社,第6版.北京:2003,165
5.徐建国.毒力岛和细菌毒力的进化.中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,1999,19(2):169-171
6.周东顺,朱瑞良.细菌毒力岛的研究现状及展望.中国兽医杂志,2005,41(11):31-34。
7.颜英俊,尹一兵,康格非,等细菌感染过程建立的分子机制.国外医学临床生物化学与检验学分册.2000,21(1):13-15
8.Vargas M,Gascon J,DE Anta MT,et al.Prevalence of Shigella enterotoxins 1 and 2 among Shigella strains isolated from patients with traveler's diarrhea J.J Clin Microbiol,1999,37(11):3608-3611。
9.Fasano A,Noriega FR,Liao FM,Wang W,Levine MM.Effect of shigella enterotoxin 1(SHET1)on rabbit intestine in vitro and in vivo.Gut.1997,40(4):505-11.
10.Yavzori M,Cohen D,Orr N.Prevalence of the genes for Shigella enterotoxin 1and 2 among clinical isolates of Shigella in israel J.Epidemiol Infect 2002,128(3):533-535
11.Uchiya K,TobeT,Komatsu K,Suzuki T,Watarai M.Fukuda I,Yoshikawa M,S Asakawa C.Identification of a novel virulence virulence gene,virA,On the large plasmid of Shigella,involved in invasion and intercellular Spreading.Mol Microbiol.1995,17:241-250
12.Yoshida S,Katayama E,Kuwae A,Mimuro H,Suzuki T,Sasakawa C.Shigella deliver an effector protein to trigger host microtubule destabilization,which promotes Rac1 activity and efficient bacterial internalization.EMBOJ.2002,21(12):2923-35.
13.Sasakawa,C.,Kamata,K.,Sakai,T.,Murayama,Virulence-asscociated genetic regions compreisin 31 kilobase of ther 230-kilobase plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a.J Bacteriol,1988,170:2480-2484
14.许龙,周晓巍,黄培堂.致病岛及其分泌系统.生物技术通讯,2006,17(4):614-617
15.Mavris M,Page AL,Tournebize R,Demers B,Sansonetti P,Parsot C Regulation of transcription by the activity of the Shigella flexneri type Ⅲ secretion apparatus..Mol Microbiol.2002,43(6):1543-53.
16.董杰.志贺菌检测技术研究进展.中国预防医学杂志,2007,8,8(4):504-506
17.吴振龙,聂军.鉴定致病菌毒力因子方法的进展.疾病控制杂志,2001,12(5):335-338。
18.Fernandez-Prada CM,Hoover DL,Tall BD,Hartman AB,Kopelowitz J,.Venkatesan MMShigella flexneri IpaH(7.8)facilitates escape of virulent bacteria from the endocytic vacuoles of mouse and human macrophages.Infect Immun.2000,68(6):3608-19.
19.Venkatesan MM,Goldberg MB,Rose DJ,Grotbeck EJ,Budand V,Blattner FRComplete DNA sequence and analysis of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri.Infect Immun.2001,69(5):3271-85.
20.Al-Hasani K,Rajakumar K,Bulach D,Robins-Browne R,Adler B,Sakellaris H Genetic organization of the she pathogenicity island in Shigella flexneri 2a.Microb Pathog.2001,30(1):1-8..
21.Krishnamohan A,Balaji V,Veluthambi KEfficient vir gene induction in Agrobacterium tumefaciens requires virA,virG,and vir box from the same Ti plasmid.J Bacteriol.2001,183(13):4079-89..
22.Toyotome T,Suzuki T,Kuwae A,Nonaka T,Fukuda H,Imajoh-Ohmi S,Toyofuku T,Hori M,Sasakawa C.Shigella protein IpaH(9.8)is secreted from bacteria within mammalian cells and transported to the nucleus.J Biol Chem.2001,276(34):32071-9
23.Mavris M,Sansonetti PJ,Parsot C.Identification of the cis-acting site involved in activation of promoters regulated by activity of the type Ⅲ secretion apparatus in Shigella flexneri.J Bacteriol.2002,184(24):6751-9.
24.Kane CD,Schuch R,Day WA Jr,Maurelli ATMxiE regulates intracellular expression of factors secreted by the Shigella flexneri 2a type Ⅲ secretion system.J Bacteriol.2002,184(16):4409-19.
25.Yoshida S,Katayama E,Kuwae A,Mimuro H,Suzuki T,Sasakawa CShigella deliver an effector protein to trigger host microtubule destabilization,which promotes Rac1 activity and efficient bacterial internalization.EMBO J.2002 J,21(12):2923-35.
26.Behrens M,Sheikh J,Nataro JP.Regulation of the overlapping pic/set locus in Shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.Infect Immun.2002,70(6):2915-25.
27.Beloin C,Dorman CJAn extended role for the nucleoid structuring protein H-NS in the virulence gene regulatory cascade of Shigella flexneri.Mol Microbiol.2003,47(3):825-38..
28.Penno C,Sansonetti P,Parsot C.Frameshifting by transcriptional slippage is involved in production of MxiE,the transcription activator regulated by the activity of the type Ⅲsecretion apparatus in Shigella flexneri.Mol Microbiol.2005,56(1):204-14.
29.Phantouamath B,Sithivong N,Insisiengmay S,Ichinose Y,Higa N,Song T,Iwanaga M.Pathogenicity of Shigella in healthy carriers:a study in Vientiane,Lao People's Democratic Republic.Jpn J Infect Dis.2005,58(4):232-4.
30.Ashida H,Toyotome T,Nagai T,Sasakawa C.Shigella chromosomal IpaH proteins are secreted via the type Ⅲ secretion system and act as effectors.Mol Microbiol.2007,63(3):680-93
31.史兆兴,王恒豫,冯尔玲.志贺菌与宿主细胞之间相互作用的研究进展.军事医学科学院院刊,2003,10,27(5):373-376.
32.史兆兴,王恒豫,胡垄.志贺菌福氏2a入侵上皮细胞诱导表达的毒力相关基因筛选与鉴定.中国科学C辑(生命科学)2004,34(3):216-222
33.钱雪琴,李雪萍,王重振.福氏志贺菌感染豚鼠和Hela细胞的毒力.复旦学报(医学版),2004,3,31(2):132-134。
34.陈明亮,王琪,董生福.组氨酸蛋白酶Envz抑制剂对福氏志贺菌毒力影响的初步研究.复旦学报(医学版),2007,5,34(3):317-322
35.白石山,夏桂枝,李秀霞.set1/set2毒力基因分型在F2a菌痢暴发流行病学调查中的意义.生物学杂志,1999,16(16):15-16
36.Yavzori M,Cohen D,Orr N.Prevalence of the genes for shigella enterotoxins 1 and 2 among clinical isolates of shigella in Israel.Epidemiol Infect.2002,128(3):533-5.
37.郝加虎,叶冬青,王红,等.不同地区福氏2a志贺菌质粒DNA多态性分析.中国公共卫生,2003,19(7):809-811.
38.夏桂枝,叶礼燕,王红等.基因探针和PCR方法在菌痢流行病学研究中的应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2004,20(12):1062-1064
39.Niyogi SK,Vargas M,Vila J.Prevalence of the sat,set and sen genes among diverse serotypes of Shigella flexneri strains isolated from patients with acute diarrhoea.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004,10(6):574-6.
40.Vu DT,Sethabutr O,Von Seidlein L,Tran VT,Do GC,Bui TC,Le HT,Lee H,Houng HS,Hale TL,Clemens JD,Mason C,Dang DTDetection of Shigella by a PCR assay targeting the ipaH gene suggests increased prevalence of shigellosis in Nha Trang,Vietnam.J Clin Microbiol.2004,42(5):2031-5.
41.Thong KL,Hoe SL,Puthucheary SD,Yasin RMDetection of virulence genes in Malaysian Shigella species by multiplex PCR assay.BMC Infect Dis.2005,14;5(1):8.
42.von Seidlein L,Kim DR,All M,Lee H,Wang X,Thiem VD,Canh do G,Chaicumpa W,Agtini MD,Hossain A,Bhutta ZA,Mason C,Sethabutr O,Talukder K,Nair GB,Deen JL,Kotloff K,Clemens J.A multicentre study of Shigella diarrhoea in six Asian countries:disease burden,clinical manifestations,and microbiology.PLoS Med.2006,3(9):e353
43.柯碧霞,邓小玲,潭海玲,等广东省福氏志贺菌毒力基因的研究.J华南预防医学200632(2):56-60
44.Farshad S,Sheikhi R,Japoni A,Basiri E,Alborzi ACharacterization of Shigella strains in Iran by plasmid profile analysis and PCR amplification of ipa genes.J Clin Microbiol.2006,44(8):2879-83.
45..Talukder KA,Khajanchi BK,Islam MA,Dutta DK,Islam Z,Khan SI,Nair GB,Sack DA.The emerging strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 in Bangladesh are clonal.Epidemiol Infect.2006,134(6):1249-56
46.Roy S,Thanasekaran K,Dutta Roy AR,Sehgal SCDistribution of Shigella enterotoxin genes and secreted autotransporter toxin gene among diverse species and serotypes of shigella isolated from Andaman Islands,India.Trop Med Int Health.2006,11(11):1694-8.
47.靳会娟,任艳萍,卢星,济源市福氏志贺菌毒力基因分型与分析.中国卫2007,17(3):508-546.
48.陈道利,詹圣伟,李振军.马鞍山市志贺菌福氏4C亚型毒力基因分布.中国公共卫生,2007,9,23(9):1104-1106.
49.杨小蓉,何树森,赵晋.2006年四川省菌痢暴发疫情分子流行病学分析.预防医学情报杂志2008,2,24(2):125-128.
50.Yavzori M,Cohen D,Wassedauf R,AmbarR,Rechavi G,Ashkenazi S.Identification of Shigella species in stool specimens by DNA amplification of different loci of the Shigella virulence plasmid.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.1994,13(3):232-7.
51.Noriega FR,Liao FM,Formal SB,et al.Prevalence of Shigella enterotoxin 1 among Shigella Clinical isolates of diverse serotypes J.J Infect Dis,1995,172(5):1408-1410。
52.白石山,李秀霞,夏桂枝等.福氏2a志贺菌肠毒素基因分型.中华流行病学杂志,2000.21(4):280-282.
53.杨春梅,王福元,刘小云等.PCR检测志贺菌和侵袭性大肠埃希菌的侵袭性质粒抗原H基因临床检验杂志,2001,19(5):280-281.
54.郝加虎,叶冬青,王红,等.志贺菌属肠毒素SHET1/SHET2的基因型PCR分析J中华传染病杂志,2003,31(6):407-409
55.熊艳,江元山,陈智,等志贺菌毒力相关基因的PCR检测分析.中国卫生检验杂志 2007,17(5);805-904.
56.赵丽华,周勇,万成松.分子信标PCR检测志贺菌ipaH基因.热带医学杂志2006,5,6(5):499-502
57.李仲兴,郑家齐,李家宏,诊断细菌学.黄河文化出版社1992年11月第二版。
58.王羽,张字久,赵明刚,第三版全国临床检验操作规程.东南大学出版社2006年11月第3版
59.成大荣,黄维嘉,张迎春等,不同毒力基因型大肠杆菌的毒力测定.动物医学进展,200526(12):78-80
60.张广业,甘肃省痢疾杆菌菌型变迁及耐药检测[J].甘肃科技纵横,2007,6:166。
1.Thomas Larry Hale.Genetic basis of virulence in Shigella species.Micrological reviews,1991,55(2):206-224
2.严杰,钱利生,余传霖。临床医学分子细菌学。人民卫生出版社2005年8月第1版。53-55页。
3.Sasakawa,C.,Kamata,K.,Sakai,T.,Murayama,Virulence-asscociated genetic regions compreisin 31 kilobase of ther 230-kilobase plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a.J Bacteriol,1988,170:2480-2484
4.许龙,周晓巍,黄培堂.致病岛及其分泌系统.生物技术通讯,2006,17(4):614-617
5.Mary E.Marquart,Wendy L.Picking,and Willaiam D,Picking.Soluble incasion plasmid antigen C(IpaC)from Shigella flexneri elicits epithelial cell respondes related to prthogen invasion.Infect.Immun.1996,64:4182-4187
6.High,N.,J.Mounier,M.C.prevost,and P.J.Sansonetti.IpaB of Shigella flexnero causes entry into epithelial cellls and escape from the phagocytic vacuole.EMBO J.1992,11:1991-1999
7.张继瑜,周绪正,李剑勇,等志贺菌的致病性及其分子机理J中国预防兽医学报。2004,26(6):479-481.
8.Steven E.Schutzer,P.K.Cole,Lauren B.Krupp,Zhidian Deng,Anita L.Belman,Raymond Dattwyler,and Benjamin J.Luft.Simultaneous expression of Borrelia OspA and OspC and IgM response in cerebrospinal fluid in Early neurologic lyme disease.J Clin Invest.1997,100:763-767
9.杨霞,王川庆。志贺菌致病的分子机制及分子流行病学研究进展.河南农科学,2006,07:101-104
10.Mavris M,Sansonetti PJ,Parsot C.Identification of the cis-acting site involved in activation of promoters regulated by activity of the type Ⅲ secretion apparatus in Shigella flexneri.J Bacteriol.2002,184(24):6751-9.
11.Kane CD,Schuch R,Day WA Jr,Maurelli ATMxiE regulates intracellular expression of factors secreted by the Shigella flexneri 2a type Ⅲ secretion system.J Bacteriol.2002,184(16):4409-19.
12.Ashida H,Toyotome T,Nagai T,Sasakawa C.Shigella chromosomal IpaH proteins are secreted via the type III secretion system and act as effectors. Mol Microbiol. 2007 , 63(3):680-93.
13. Toyotome T, Suzuki T, Kuwae A, Nonaka T, Fukuda H, Imajoh-Ohmi S, Toyofuku T, Hori M, Sasakawa C.Shigella protein IpaH(9.8) is secreted from bacteria within mammalian cells and transported to the nucleus. J Biol Chem. 2001, 24;276(34):32071-9.
14. Fernandez-Prada CM, Hoover DL, Tall BD, Hartman AB, Kopelowitz J,. Venkatesan MMShigella flexneri IpaH(7.8) facilitates escape of virulent bacteria from the endocytic vacuoles of mouse and human macrophages. Infect Immun. 2000, 68(6):3608-19.
15. Sasakawa, C, Kamata, K., Sakai, T., Murayama, S..Y, Makino, S., and Yoshikawa., Molecular alterration of the 140-megadalton plasmid associated with loss of virrulence and Congo red binding activithy in Shigella flexneri. Infect Immun, 1986,51:470-475
16. Phantouamath B, Sithivong N, Insisiengmay S, Ichinose Y, Higa N, Song T, Iwanaga M.Pathogenicity of Shigella in healthy carriers: a study in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005 ,58(4):232-4.
17. Thong KL, Hoe SL, Puthucheary SD, Yasin RMDetection of virulence genes in Malaysian Shigella species by multiplex PCR assay. BMC Infect Dis. 2005,14;5(1):8.
18. Lynday Radnedge,Michael A.Davis,Brenda Youngren,and Stutart JAustin. Plasmid maintenance functions of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella FlexneriJ Bacteriol.1997, 179:3670-3675.
19 Sameera Sayeed,Lucretia Reaves,Lyndsay Radnedge,and Stuart Austin.The Stability region of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri encodes an efficient postsegregational killing systemJ Bacteriol.2000,182;2416-2421.
20 Raymond SchuchAnthony T.Maurelli.Virulence plasmid instability in Shigella flexneri 2a is induced by virulence gene expression.Infect Immun.1997, 65:3686-3692
21. Fasano A,Noriega FR,Liao FM,Wang W,Levine MM. Effect of shigella enterotoxin 1 (SHET1) on rabbit intestine in vitro and in vivo.Gut. 1997, 40(4):505-11.
22. Yavzori M,Cohen D,Orr N.Prevalence of the genes for Shigella enterotoxin land 2 among clinical isolates of Shigella in israel J. Epidemiol Infect 2002,128(3):533-535
23. 唐传玲, 志贺菌属致病的研究进展. 国外医学微生物学分册[J]. 2004, 27 (6): 22-24.
24. Krishnamohan A, Balaji V, Veluthambi KEfficient vir gene induction in Agrobacterium tumefaciens requires virA,virG,and vir box from the same Ti plasmid.J Bacteriol.2001,183(13):4079-89..
25.Uchiya K,TobeT,Komatsu K,Suzuki T,Watarai M.Fukuda I,Yoshikawa M,S Asakawa C.Identification of a novel virulence virulence gene,virA,On the large plasmid of Shigella,involved in invasion and intercellular Spreading.Mol Microbiol.1995,17:241-250
26.Yoshida S,Katayama E,Kuwae A,Mimuro H,Suzuki T,Sasakawa C.Shigella deliver an effector protein to trigger host microtubule destabilization,which promotes Rac1 activity and efficient bacterial intemalization.EMBOJ.2002,21(12):2923-35.
27.Beloin C,Dorman CJAn extended role for the nucleoid structuring protein H-NS in the virulence gene regulatory cascade of Shigella flexneri.Mol Microbiol.2003,47(3):825-38..
28.Nakata N,Tobe T,Fukuda I,Suzuki T,Komatsu K,Yoshikawa M,Sasakawa C The absence of a surface protease,OmpT,determines the intercellular Spreading ability of Shigella:the relationship between the ompT and kcpA loci.Mol Microbiol.1993,9:459-468
29.Penno C,Sansonetti P,Parsot C.Frameshifting by transcriptional slippage is involved in production of MxiE,the transcription activator regulated by the activity of the type Ⅲsecretion apparatus in Shigella flexneri.Mol Microbiol.2005,56(1):204-14.
30.史兆兴,王恒豫,冯尔玲.志贺菌与宿主细胞之间相互作用的研究进展.军事医学科学院院刊,2003,10,27(5):373-376.