电动汽车智能充电系统研究
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摘要
当今世界面临着的能源危机和环境污染两大难题都与汽车的使用相关,要保持汽车行业的可持续发展,发展零排放的电动汽车势在必行。磷酸铁锂电池由于其安全、环保、性能稳定及经济的优点越来越多的应用于电动汽车动力系统中,但磷酸铁锂电池的智能、安全充电是电动汽车能够推广应用的前提,因此本文对磷酸铁锂电池智能充电系统进行了研究,其主要研究内容和创新点如下：
本文首先进行了智能充电系统总体方案设计,确定了充电系统的设计参数、全桥变换电路的功率模型及PWM开关状态控制电路,在分析了常用充电方法的基础上根据磷酸铁锂电池的相关特性提出了四阶段智能充电法；
其次进行了硬件设计,包括抑制电磁干扰的滤波电路、IGBT驱动电路、高频变压器、输入输出滤波电路、单片机控制回路、辅助电源及智能逻辑判断电路的设计,软件上为设计的四阶段智能充电法编制了相应的程序,并进行了软件调试与测试；
最后对开发的磷酸铁锂电池智能充电系统进行了充电实验,结果表明：所设计的智能充电系统硬件部分能正常工作,充电过程可按所设计的四阶段智能充电法预定流程自动进行,为后续对磷酸铁锂电池智能充电系统研制提供了参考。
Energy crisis and environmental pollution are the two problems that today's world faces, and both of them are related with the use of vehicles. In order to maintain the sustainable development of auto industry, it is imperative to develop zero-emission electric vehicle. Lithium iron phosphate battery has been applied to power system of electric vehicle more widely because it has the advantages of secure, environmental protection, stable performance and economic. However, to apply and publicize the electric vehicles, characters of intelligent and safe charge of lithium iron phosphate battery are the prerequisites. In this paper, it introduces the research of the lithium iron phosphate battery intelligent charging system, the main research content and innovation points are as follow:
First of all, this paper introduces the whole scheme of the intelligent charging system, and determines the design parameter, power model of full bridge transform circuit and PWM switch situation control circuit. Based on the analysis of common charging methods, a four-phase intelligent charging method has been proposed according to the related characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery.
Secondly, this paper introduces the designed hardware, including the design of filter circuit to restrain electromagnetic interference, IGBT driving circuit, high-frequency transformer, input/output filter circuit, SCM control loop, auxiliary power and intelligent logic circuit. In software, corresponding program for the four-phase intelligent charging method has been worked out, and debugging and testing have been done.
Finally, charging experiment on the designed lithium iron phosphate battery intelligent charging system shows that the designed hardware part of intelligent charging system can work normally, and the charging process can going on automatically according to the predetermined process with the use of designed four-phase intelligent charging method. It provides reference value for follow-up research.
本文首先进行了智能充电系统总体方案设计,确定了充电系统的设计参数、全桥变换电路的功率模型及PWM开关状态控制电路,在分析了常用充电方法的基础上根据磷酸铁锂电池的相关特性提出了四阶段智能充电法；
其次进行了硬件设计,包括抑制电磁干扰的滤波电路、IGBT驱动电路、高频变压器、输入输出滤波电路、单片机控制回路、辅助电源及智能逻辑判断电路的设计,软件上为设计的四阶段智能充电法编制了相应的程序,并进行了软件调试与测试；
最后对开发的磷酸铁锂电池智能充电系统进行了充电实验,结果表明：所设计的智能充电系统硬件部分能正常工作,充电过程可按所设计的四阶段智能充电法预定流程自动进行,为后续对磷酸铁锂电池智能充电系统研制提供了参考。
Energy crisis and environmental pollution are the two problems that today's world faces, and both of them are related with the use of vehicles. In order to maintain the sustainable development of auto industry, it is imperative to develop zero-emission electric vehicle. Lithium iron phosphate battery has been applied to power system of electric vehicle more widely because it has the advantages of secure, environmental protection, stable performance and economic. However, to apply and publicize the electric vehicles, characters of intelligent and safe charge of lithium iron phosphate battery are the prerequisites. In this paper, it introduces the research of the lithium iron phosphate battery intelligent charging system, the main research content and innovation points are as follow:
First of all, this paper introduces the whole scheme of the intelligent charging system, and determines the design parameter, power model of full bridge transform circuit and PWM switch situation control circuit. Based on the analysis of common charging methods, a four-phase intelligent charging method has been proposed according to the related characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery.
Secondly, this paper introduces the designed hardware, including the design of filter circuit to restrain electromagnetic interference, IGBT driving circuit, high-frequency transformer, input/output filter circuit, SCM control loop, auxiliary power and intelligent logic circuit. In software, corresponding program for the four-phase intelligent charging method has been worked out, and debugging and testing have been done.
Finally, charging experiment on the designed lithium iron phosphate battery intelligent charging system shows that the designed hardware part of intelligent charging system can work normally, and the charging process can going on automatically according to the predetermined process with the use of designed four-phase intelligent charging method. It provides reference value for follow-up research.
引文
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[2]孙重祥,曾志斌.电动汽车的基本知识[J].实用汽车技术,2006(2)：7-8.
[3]张荣贵.我国电动汽车发展前景[J].机电技术,2008(4)：81-84.
[4]唐惠龙,牟宏均.关于电动汽车发展趋势的探讨[J].制造业自动化,2010(6)：187～188.
[5]许寒,郭西凤,桑俊利.锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂研究现状[J].无机盐工业,2009,41(3)：5-8.
[6]徐曼珍.新型蓄电池原理及应用[M].人民邮电出版社2005.
[7]内田隆裕(日).OHM图解-电池[M].科学出版社2004.
[8]D.bemda. VRLA batteries advances and limitations[J]. Journal of Power Sources.2006, 154(2):509-517.
[9]Masatsuki, Ichiro.Development of the battery charging system for the new hybrid train that combines feeder line and the storage battery[J].2010 International Power Electronics Conference - ECCE Asia-, IPEC2010, p3128-3135.
[10]Lambert, W.H.Doug.Advances in gelled-electrolyte technology for valve-regulated lead-acid batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources.2002,107(2):173-179.
[11]吴宇平,戴晓兵,马军旗.锂离子电池-应用与实践[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[12]杨贵恒.直流稳定电源[M].北京市：化学工业出版社2010.
[13]刘哗等.充电电源的应用及发展[J].电工技术杂志,1999(2)：29～32.
[14]胡恒生,王慧,赵徐成.蓄电池充电方法的分析和探讨[J].电源技术应用,2009,12(8)：1～4.
[15]钱良国,刘长寅.智能充电技术和智能充电系统[J].铁道标准设计：1999(12)：44～46.
[16]J.B. Wang, C.Y. Chuang.Design considerations of microprocessor-controlled multiphase battery charger with fast-charging strategy[J]. IET Electr.Power Appl,2007,1 (2):143-152.
[17]pei-Hsuan Cheng, Chern-Lin Chen. A High-Effidciency Fast Charger For Lead-Acid Batteries[J].IEE Proceedings-B 2002,19(5):45-70.
[18]T.Francisco, VJesus.High power valve regulated lead-acid batteries for new vehicle requirements[J].Journal of Power Sources.2001(15):24-37.
[19]Bernardi.Dawn M. Study of charge kinetics in valve-regulates lead-acid cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society[J].2004,151(1):85-100.
[20]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用技术设计与应用[M].人民邮电出版社,2007.
[21]沙占友,王彦朋,马洪涛.开关电源优化设计[M].北京市：中国电力出版社,2009.
[22]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用[M].北京市：电子工业出版社,2008.
[23]张占松,张心益.高频开关变换技术教程编著[M].北京市：机械工业出版社,2010.
[24]陈国呈.PWM逆变技术及应用[M].北京市：中国电力出版社,2007.
[25]Jung-Goo Cho etl. Novel Zero-voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full-Bridge PWM Converter Using a Simple Auxiliary Circuit, IA,1999(4),15-20.
[26]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京市：机械工业出版社,2003.
[27]陈国呈.PWM电力电子变换技术[M].北京市：中国电力出版社,2007.
[28]徐向民Altium Designer快速入门[M].北京市：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[29]周润景Altium Designer原理图与PCB设计[M].北京市：电子工业出版社,2009.
[30]蒋黎红.电子技术基础实验&Multisim 10仿真[M].北京市：电子工业出版社,2010.
[31]崔建明,陈惠英,温卫中.电路与电子技术的Multisim 10.0仿真[M].北京市：中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[32]郑国川,李洪英.实用开关电源技术[M].福州市：福建科学技术出版社,2004.
[33]辛伊波,陈文清.开关电源基础与应用[M].西安市：西安电子科技大学出版社,2009.
[34]何宏等.电磁兼容与电磁干扰[M].北京市：国防工业出版社,2007.
[35]袁寿财IGBT场效应半导体功率器件导论[M].北京市：科学出版社,2007.
[36]陈国呈,吴春华,宋文祥.变频驱动技术及应用[M].北京市：科学出版社,2009.
[37]路秋生.常用充电器电路与应用[M].机械工业出版社2005.
[38]唐治德.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京市：科学出版社,2009.
[39]秦曾煌.电工学[M].高等教育出版社,2004.
[40]希思科特(Heatheote, M.J.)(英).变压器实用技术大全[M].王晓莺等译.北京市：机械工业出版社,2008.
[41]Heng, Yaofu.Switching power supply based on UC3842[J].Dianli Zidonghua Shebei/Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31 (1):p 113-117.
[42]倪海东,蒋玉萍.开关电源专用电路设计与应用[M].中国电力出版社,2008.
[43]Lam LT, Haigh, N.P., Phyland. C.G..Failure mode of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries under high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation[J].Journal of Power Sources,2004,133(1): 126-134.
[44]曲学基.电力电子滤波技术及其应用[M].北京市：电子工业出版社,2008.
[45]李刚.飞思卡尔8位单片机实用教程[M].北京市：电子工业出版社,2009.
[46]Fredrick M. Cady.Software and Hardware Engineering:Assembly and C Programming for the Freescale HCS12 Microcontroller[M].Academic Press,2008.
[47]王效华,张咏梅单片机原理与应用[M].北京市：北京交通大学出版社,2007.
[48]缪传杰,高琛,陈建清.串联动力电池组单体电池电压检测新方法[J].传感器世界,2010(4)：29～31.
[49]付家才.传感器与检测技术原理及实践[M].北京市：中国电力出版社,2008.
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