棉秆纤维砌块力学性能研究及生态复合墙体受力性能分析
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摘要
生态复合墙结构是一种耗能减震、生态节能、装配整体式的新型建筑结构体系。本文在课题组前期研究的基础上,旨在提出一种新型填充材料一棉秆植物纤维砌块,应用于生态复合墙结构体系,既能充分利用新疆当地充足的棉秆资源,同时对新疆地区村镇建筑抗震性能和保温性能将得到极大地提高。文章主要通过试验研究,探讨棉秆纤维砌块的力学特性,对砌块多轴弹塑性本构关系进行研究,分析内填棉秆纤维砌块生态复合墙体的抗震性能,采用ANSYS有限元软件建立不同墙体模型,并与试验结果进行对比,分析内填砌块材料变化对生态复合墙体承载力和抗侧刚度的影响,主要研究内容包括：
1)采用正交试验研究棉秆纤维砌块的配制工艺,得到砌块最佳配合比,通过材性试验,得到砌块基本的物理、力学性能指标,进行砌块单轴抗压性能试验,通过对试验数据进行拟合得到其单轴受压本构关系,并引用双剪统一强度理论推导得出棉秆纤维砌块的弹塑性多轴本构方程。
2)进行一榀1／2比例内填棉秆纤维砌块生态复合墙体的低周反复加载拟静力试验,分析在竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下墙体的破坏过程及破坏形态,并研究墙体内钢筋的应变分布规律；将内填棉秆纤维砌块生态复合墙体与内填加气混凝土砌块生态复合墙体的抗震性能进行对比分析,研究内填砌块变化对墙体承载力、刚度退化、延性及耗能等抗震性能的影响。
3)采用ANSYS有限元软件对内填棉秆纤维砌块生态复合墙体进行加载模拟,并将有限元结果与试验结果进行对比分析,研究棉秆纤维砌块作为墙体填充材料时的墙体抗震性能；并建立不同填充材料墙体模型,变化砌块强度和弹性模量,研究砌块强度及弹性模量对墙体承载力和抗侧刚度的影响,并与课题组前期墙体抗侧刚度公式计算结果对比,提出适合作为生态复合墙体填充材料的砌块性能要求。
The ecological composite-wall structure is a new, ecological and energy-saving building structure with good seismic performance. In this paper, on the basis of the research group, a new type filling material-cotton stalk fiber blocks is proposed, in order to use this filling material in the ecological composite-wall structure, not only can make full use of plenty of cotton stalks resources in xin-jiang area, also the xin jiang region village building aseismic performance and insulation performance can be greatly improved, In this paper, through the experiment to study the mechanical properties of the cotton stalk fiber blocks, analysis seismic performance of ecological composite wall with cotton stalk fiber blocks, then, use the finite element software ANSYS to establish different wall models, compared the computational results with the experimental results, we analysis the influences to the capacity (stiffness) of the ecological composite-wall caused by the changing of the filling material. The main research contents includes:
1)Using the orthogonal experiment method to anlysis the process of the cotton stalk fiber block, the best ratio to produce the cotton stalk fiber block is obtained; through the material performance tests, the basic physics and mechanics performance index of block is obtained; Through the block uniaxial compressive performance test, and by fitting the test data the uniaxial compression constitutive relation is obtained; then the double shear strength of unity is quote to deduced the elastic-plastic constitutive equations cotton stalk fiber blocks.
2) One 1/2-scaled model monotone experiments of the ecological composite wall with cotton stalk fiber blocks is presented in order to study the failure procedure and deformation features of ecological composite wall with cotton stalk fiber blocks. And the strain distributions of steel bars in the wall are especially analyzed; then a comparative analysis of the seismic behavior of the walls with cotton stalk fiber blocks and the aerated concrete blocks, in order to study the influences(capacity、Stiffness degradation、ductility、energy dissipation and etal) of the wall caused by the differences of the filling block material;
3) The finite element software ANSYS is used to simulate the loading process of the wall, in order to validation the deformation features and capacity of ecological composite wall with cotton stalk fiber blocks; then different wall models with different filling materials(straw mud blocks、aerated concrete blocks and cotton stalk fiber blocks) is established, through changing the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of the filling blocks, study the influences to the wall lateral stiffness and capacity caused by differences of the compressive strength and the constitutive relation; compared the computational results with the lateral stiffness calculation results, the performance requirements of the filling blocks that situable to the ecological composite-wall structure is proposed.
1)采用正交试验研究棉秆纤维砌块的配制工艺,得到砌块最佳配合比,通过材性试验,得到砌块基本的物理、力学性能指标,进行砌块单轴抗压性能试验,通过对试验数据进行拟合得到其单轴受压本构关系,并引用双剪统一强度理论推导得出棉秆纤维砌块的弹塑性多轴本构方程。
2)进行一榀1／2比例内填棉秆纤维砌块生态复合墙体的低周反复加载拟静力试验,分析在竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下墙体的破坏过程及破坏形态,并研究墙体内钢筋的应变分布规律；将内填棉秆纤维砌块生态复合墙体与内填加气混凝土砌块生态复合墙体的抗震性能进行对比分析,研究内填砌块变化对墙体承载力、刚度退化、延性及耗能等抗震性能的影响。
3)采用ANSYS有限元软件对内填棉秆纤维砌块生态复合墙体进行加载模拟,并将有限元结果与试验结果进行对比分析,研究棉秆纤维砌块作为墙体填充材料时的墙体抗震性能；并建立不同填充材料墙体模型,变化砌块强度和弹性模量,研究砌块强度及弹性模量对墙体承载力和抗侧刚度的影响,并与课题组前期墙体抗侧刚度公式计算结果对比,提出适合作为生态复合墙体填充材料的砌块性能要求。
The ecological composite-wall structure is a new, ecological and energy-saving building structure with good seismic performance. In this paper, on the basis of the research group, a new type filling material-cotton stalk fiber blocks is proposed, in order to use this filling material in the ecological composite-wall structure, not only can make full use of plenty of cotton stalks resources in xin-jiang area, also the xin jiang region village building aseismic performance and insulation performance can be greatly improved, In this paper, through the experiment to study the mechanical properties of the cotton stalk fiber blocks, analysis seismic performance of ecological composite wall with cotton stalk fiber blocks, then, use the finite element software ANSYS to establish different wall models, compared the computational results with the experimental results, we analysis the influences to the capacity (stiffness) of the ecological composite-wall caused by the changing of the filling material. The main research contents includes:
1)Using the orthogonal experiment method to anlysis the process of the cotton stalk fiber block, the best ratio to produce the cotton stalk fiber block is obtained; through the material performance tests, the basic physics and mechanics performance index of block is obtained; Through the block uniaxial compressive performance test, and by fitting the test data the uniaxial compression constitutive relation is obtained; then the double shear strength of unity is quote to deduced the elastic-plastic constitutive equations cotton stalk fiber blocks.
2) One 1/2-scaled model monotone experiments of the ecological composite wall with cotton stalk fiber blocks is presented in order to study the failure procedure and deformation features of ecological composite wall with cotton stalk fiber blocks. And the strain distributions of steel bars in the wall are especially analyzed; then a comparative analysis of the seismic behavior of the walls with cotton stalk fiber blocks and the aerated concrete blocks, in order to study the influences(capacity、Stiffness degradation、ductility、energy dissipation and etal) of the wall caused by the differences of the filling block material;
3) The finite element software ANSYS is used to simulate the loading process of the wall, in order to validation the deformation features and capacity of ecological composite wall with cotton stalk fiber blocks; then different wall models with different filling materials(straw mud blocks、aerated concrete blocks and cotton stalk fiber blocks) is established, through changing the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of the filling blocks, study the influences to the wall lateral stiffness and capacity caused by differences of the compressive strength and the constitutive relation; compared the computational results with the lateral stiffness calculation results, the performance requirements of the filling blocks that situable to the ecological composite-wall structure is proposed.
引文
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[5]姚谦峰,贾英杰.密肋壁板结构十二层1／3比例房屋模型抗震性能实验研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,06.
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[8]阿肯江·托呼提,亓国庆,陈汉清.新疆南疆地区传统土坯房屋震害及抗震技术措施[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008,02.
[9]李艳.新型现浇石膏土坯墙抗震房屋助推新疆新农村建设[J].建筑节能,2008,05：50.
[10]王秀芬.加气混凝土性能及优化的试验研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2006
[11]张磊蕾,王武祥.泡沫混凝土的研究进展及应用[J].建筑砌块与砌块建筑,2010,01.
[12]付达新.轻骨料混凝土的研究现状与展望[J].中国建材科技.2009,06.
[13]党开春,唐秀艳,刘转梅.谈绿色建材与墙体材料的可持续发展[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2006(2).
[14]李罡.粉煤灰和煤歼石烧结多孔砖砌体性能研究[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2008
[15]马铭杰,朱丽.利用废渣盐石膏制作轻型墙体材料[J].环境工程,2006,24(5).
[16]许炳权,陈爱民.绿色建材在国内的发展趋势[J].中国建材,2000,(3).
[17]陈胜利.利用建筑垃圾生产新型墙材[J].砖瓦,2004,(6).
[18]M. Sarigaphuti, S. P. Shah, K. D. Vinson. Shrinkage cracking and durability characteristics of cellulose fibre reinforced concrete[J].ACI Material Journal,1993,90(4).
[19]Romildo D,Toledo Filho, Karen Scrivener, etal. Development of vegetable fibre-mortar composites of improved durability[J]. Cement & Concrete Composites,2003,25.
[20]A. K. Fisher, F. Bullen, D. Beal, The durability of cellulose fibre reinforced concrete pipes in sewage applications [J]. Cement and Concrete Research,2001,31.
[21]徐辉,卢安琪,陈健等.国内外植物纤维增强水泥基复合材料的研究[J].纤维素科学与技术,2005,13(4).
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