高压电缆接头热老化机制的研究及其温度监测系统的设计
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摘要
在高压输电线路中,电缆的运行状态是工作人员密切关注的问题。高压电缆附件是电缆网络中最关键的元件,也是电缆网络安全运行中最容易发生故障的元件。研究表明绝大多数的绝缘缺陷都可引起电缆附件本体或局部温度升高,同时当运行负荷增加或环境温度升高时,高压电缆接头温度也会随之上升。当温度升高到超过电缆附件所能承受的临界值时,电缆接头就有可能发生热击穿甚至爆炸,造成大范围的断电或是引起火灾。开展电力电缆接头温度在线监测,可以实时监测电缆的运行状态,及时报警,能够有效的避免电缆火灾等事故的发生。
本文针对高压电缆接头容易发生热击穿这一问题,研究了高压电缆接头的热老化机制。通过对高压电缆绝缘材料的加速热老化试验测得绝缘材料在不同老化条件下的质量损失率、拉伸强度,并运用老化损伤因子概念,总体论述了老化损伤因子与老化时间、温度之间的关系,阐述了高压电缆接头的热老化的本质是其绝缘材料内部物理结构或化学结构的改变。同时,本文在综述国内外常用电力电缆接头温度监测方法的基础上,通过分析对比热敏电阻,感温电缆,离子感烟,光纤分布式测温技术,提出了一种无线传输数据的温度监测方法,监测系统采用温度采集模块,数据处理模块,无线传输模块三大模块,通过对系统硬件和软件两方面的设计,将高压电缆接头温度实时显示在PC机上,并能实现超温报警功能。本系统采用低功耗设计,实用性强,能有效的预防高压电缆接头故障,具有很好的应用前景。
On the high-voltage transmission lines, the running status of cables is the most concerning by the staff. High-voltage cable accessories are the most critical components of the cable network, they are also the most vulnerable components of the cable network safe running. Studies show most insulation defect can cause the temperature rising of the body or partial cable accessories, meanwhile, when the load or environment temperature increased, the temperature of cable connector will also rise. The cable connector may thermal breakdown even explode when the temperature is over critical value of cable accessories, leading to great power failure or fire. The on-line temperature monitoring system can easily monitor the real-time status of cable, timely alarm, and effectively avoid cable fire accident.
Because of the easily thermal breakdown of the high voltage cable connector, the article studies the thermal aging mechanisms of the high voltage cable connector. Through the experiment of the high–voltage cable accelerated thermal aging, the article measured the weight loss rate and the tensile strength of the insulation material under different aging condition. The article using the concept of aging damage factor, discuss the relationship between the aging damage factor concept and the aging damage times and temperature, expounding that the nature cause of the thermal aging mechanisms is the change of its internal physical or chemical structure. Meanwhile, abroad on the summarizing of the power cable connector temperature monitoring and according to comparing to the monitoring technology of the thermal resistance, temperature sensing cable, ionization smoke and the distributed fiber, the article distribute a method of wireless date transmission. The monitor system is composed of temperature gathering module, data processing module, wireless transmission module, throughing to the system hardware and the software design, the high-voltage cable connector temperature could realtime display on PC machine, the system may also realize ultra warm reporting function. The system uses the design of low power, effective prevent high-voltage cable connector attachment breakdown, it could be a good application prospect.
本文针对高压电缆接头容易发生热击穿这一问题,研究了高压电缆接头的热老化机制。通过对高压电缆绝缘材料的加速热老化试验测得绝缘材料在不同老化条件下的质量损失率、拉伸强度,并运用老化损伤因子概念,总体论述了老化损伤因子与老化时间、温度之间的关系,阐述了高压电缆接头的热老化的本质是其绝缘材料内部物理结构或化学结构的改变。同时,本文在综述国内外常用电力电缆接头温度监测方法的基础上,通过分析对比热敏电阻,感温电缆,离子感烟,光纤分布式测温技术,提出了一种无线传输数据的温度监测方法,监测系统采用温度采集模块,数据处理模块,无线传输模块三大模块,通过对系统硬件和软件两方面的设计,将高压电缆接头温度实时显示在PC机上,并能实现超温报警功能。本系统采用低功耗设计,实用性强,能有效的预防高压电缆接头故障,具有很好的应用前景。
On the high-voltage transmission lines, the running status of cables is the most concerning by the staff. High-voltage cable accessories are the most critical components of the cable network, they are also the most vulnerable components of the cable network safe running. Studies show most insulation defect can cause the temperature rising of the body or partial cable accessories, meanwhile, when the load or environment temperature increased, the temperature of cable connector will also rise. The cable connector may thermal breakdown even explode when the temperature is over critical value of cable accessories, leading to great power failure or fire. The on-line temperature monitoring system can easily monitor the real-time status of cable, timely alarm, and effectively avoid cable fire accident.
Because of the easily thermal breakdown of the high voltage cable connector, the article studies the thermal aging mechanisms of the high voltage cable connector. Through the experiment of the high–voltage cable accelerated thermal aging, the article measured the weight loss rate and the tensile strength of the insulation material under different aging condition. The article using the concept of aging damage factor, discuss the relationship between the aging damage factor concept and the aging damage times and temperature, expounding that the nature cause of the thermal aging mechanisms is the change of its internal physical or chemical structure. Meanwhile, abroad on the summarizing of the power cable connector temperature monitoring and according to comparing to the monitoring technology of the thermal resistance, temperature sensing cable, ionization smoke and the distributed fiber, the article distribute a method of wireless date transmission. The monitor system is composed of temperature gathering module, data processing module, wireless transmission module, throughing to the system hardware and the software design, the high-voltage cable connector temperature could realtime display on PC machine, the system may also realize ultra warm reporting function. The system uses the design of low power, effective prevent high-voltage cable connector attachment breakdown, it could be a good application prospect.
引文
[1]罗俊华,周作春,李华春,等.电力电缆线路运行温度在线检测技术应用研究.高电压技术,2007,Vol. 33,No.1
[2]王运生.红外技术诊断电缆头过热缺陷.高电压技术,2004,30,(增):105-106
[3]郭文元,高良玉,雷颖,等.高电压在线温度监测器的研制.高电压技术,1997,23(2):22-25
[4]王昆明,杨黎明,饶文彬. 110kV交联聚乙烯电缆模压接头故障分析.高电压技术,1993,10 (1):38-40
[5]白莉媛,钱进,张翼飞,等.基于AT89C51单片机的电缆接头温度监测系统.计算机与数字工程,2007,35(8):134-136
[6]李卫国,屠志健.电气设备绝缘试验与检测.北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[7]王昌长,李福祺,高胜友.电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[8] Y. Tian, P. L. Lewin, A. E. Davies, Comparison of On-line Partical Discharge Detection Methods For HV Cable Joints, Manuscript received on 17 July 2001, in final form 26 February 2002:604-614
[9]季宝华,方东,秦大为,等.电缆接头温度监测系统的研制进展.消防技术与产品信息,2004(11):57-57
[10]周晓生.广州体育馆模拟式线型感温电缆的应用.广州建筑,2002(3):58-60
[11]周晓生.模拟式线型感温电缆及其应用.安装,2003(3):26-27
[12] Mostafa Ahangrani. Torsten Gogolla Spontaneous raman scattering in optical fibers with modulated temperature raman remote sensing, 1999(08):78-83
[13] Hobel M. Richa J. Wuthrich M High resolution distributed temperature sensing with the multiphoto-timing technique, 1995(16):55-59
[14]王赟,刘向军.城市电力电缆接头温度无线巡测系统的设计实现.四川电力技术,2007,30(3):54-56
[15]徐元哲,王乐天,高洪学,等.电力电缆接头温度场分布的理论研究.电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(24):4-17
[16] Bertrand Y, Hoang L C. Vegetable oils as substitute for mineral oils. 7th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Nagoya, Japan, 2003:102-107
[17] Hemmer M, Badent R, Schwab A J. Electrical properties of rape seed oil. 2002Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Cancun, Mexico, 2002:77-82
[18]史继诚.高分子材料的老化及防老化研究.合成材料老化与应用,2006,35(1):27–30
[19]章兰珠,张万山.高温条件下有机密封材料老化机制的研究.润滑与密封,2008,33(11):24-27
[20]张凯,范敬辉,吴菊英,等.硅橡胶泡沫材料的热氧老化机理研究.合成材料老化与应用,2007,36(3):18-21
[21]张艳萍,熊金平,左禹.碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的热老化机理.北京化工大学学报,2007,34(5):523-527
[22]袁立明,顾伯勤,陈晔.纤维增强橡胶基密封材料的热氧老化损伤研究(Ⅰ)——热氧老化损伤模型.润滑与密封,2006 (1):78-80
[23]过梅丽,许凤和.先进聚合物基材料的老化研究(Ⅰ)——热氧老化.航空学报,2000,21:62-65
[24]杨清芝.实用橡胶工艺学.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[25]马淑华,王凤文,张美金.单片机原理与接口技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005
[26] Y. Tian, P. L. Lewin, A. E: Davies and G. Hathaway,“Acoustic Emission for Partial Discharge Detection within Cable Insulation”, Proc. of 8th Intem. Conf. Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications (DMMA), pp. 503-508, Edinburgh, UK, 2000
[27] Kawai T, Takinami N, Chino Tetal. A new approach to cable fault location using fiber optic technology. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 1995, 10(1):85-91
[28]欧阳文. ATMEL89系列单片机的原理与开发实践.中国电力出版社,2007
[29]王兴玲,杜树杰,刘兰芳.计算机网络教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[30]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用.清华大学出版社,2004
[31]李自珍,郭宝安. MSP430系统应用结构设计与选型.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007. 7:11-13
[32]吕志刚,王鹏,范晓光.基于MSP430单片机的多功能、高精度数据采集系统.电子技术应用,2007. 7:70-72
[33]郭隐彪,兰劲,龚子伟.远程制造的多功能数控接口技术.现代制造工程,2005 (1):42-45
[34] Chee-Yee Chong and Srikanta P. Kumar. Sensor Networks: Evolution, Opportunities and challenges. Procee-Dings of the IEEE[C]. 2003, 91(8): 1247-1256
[35] P89V51RD2 Data Sheet周立功单片机
[36]李余庆,张华,刘继忠.基于DS1820的无线温度采集系统的设计.电子设计,2009,9(2):187-189
[37] Single chip 433/ 868/ 915 MHz Transceiver nRF905 Data Sheet. Nordic VLSI.
[38]汤绮婷.基于射频模块nRF905的粮库无线温湿度监控系统.电子产品世界2007(7):102-104
[39]李貌. CP2515在CAN总路线系统智能节点的应用.电气自动化,2006(5):43-45
[40]崔寅生.基于多串口通信的实时温度采集系统设计.微计算机信息,2009(34)
[41]曾洁,贾世杰,陈少华.基于串口通信方式实现对工控微处理器的代码下载与调试.化工自动化及仪表2009(1):86-88
[42]唐姗姗,曹立军.工程中的串口通信设计.信息通信,2009(5):35-37
[43]朱洪波. VisualC++6.0完全自学宝典.北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[44]李长林,高洁. VisualC++串口通信技术与典型实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[45]赵军,袁中凡,杨春生.利用VisvalC++下MSComm开发的串口通信软件.中国测试技术,2006(6):97-99
[46]范逸之. Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制.北京:中国青年出版社,2002
[47]李长林. Visual Basic串口通信技术与典型实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[48]路增力,宋玉林. VB中串口通讯的实现.江苏电器,2003(5):39-40
[49]梁振刚,葛亮,郝博.基于VC的数控加工传输系统.装备制造技术,2008(4):76-78
[50]董秀洁,赵程程.基于AT89S52和nRF905的无线遥控系统设计与实现.中原工学院学报,2010,21(4):27-29
[2]王运生.红外技术诊断电缆头过热缺陷.高电压技术,2004,30,(增):105-106
[3]郭文元,高良玉,雷颖,等.高电压在线温度监测器的研制.高电压技术,1997,23(2):22-25
[4]王昆明,杨黎明,饶文彬. 110kV交联聚乙烯电缆模压接头故障分析.高电压技术,1993,10 (1):38-40
[5]白莉媛,钱进,张翼飞,等.基于AT89C51单片机的电缆接头温度监测系统.计算机与数字工程,2007,35(8):134-136
[6]李卫国,屠志健.电气设备绝缘试验与检测.北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[7]王昌长,李福祺,高胜友.电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[8] Y. Tian, P. L. Lewin, A. E. Davies, Comparison of On-line Partical Discharge Detection Methods For HV Cable Joints, Manuscript received on 17 July 2001, in final form 26 February 2002:604-614
[9]季宝华,方东,秦大为,等.电缆接头温度监测系统的研制进展.消防技术与产品信息,2004(11):57-57
[10]周晓生.广州体育馆模拟式线型感温电缆的应用.广州建筑,2002(3):58-60
[11]周晓生.模拟式线型感温电缆及其应用.安装,2003(3):26-27
[12] Mostafa Ahangrani. Torsten Gogolla Spontaneous raman scattering in optical fibers with modulated temperature raman remote sensing, 1999(08):78-83
[13] Hobel M. Richa J. Wuthrich M High resolution distributed temperature sensing with the multiphoto-timing technique, 1995(16):55-59
[14]王赟,刘向军.城市电力电缆接头温度无线巡测系统的设计实现.四川电力技术,2007,30(3):54-56
[15]徐元哲,王乐天,高洪学,等.电力电缆接头温度场分布的理论研究.电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(24):4-17
[16] Bertrand Y, Hoang L C. Vegetable oils as substitute for mineral oils. 7th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Nagoya, Japan, 2003:102-107
[17] Hemmer M, Badent R, Schwab A J. Electrical properties of rape seed oil. 2002Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Cancun, Mexico, 2002:77-82
[18]史继诚.高分子材料的老化及防老化研究.合成材料老化与应用,2006,35(1):27–30
[19]章兰珠,张万山.高温条件下有机密封材料老化机制的研究.润滑与密封,2008,33(11):24-27
[20]张凯,范敬辉,吴菊英,等.硅橡胶泡沫材料的热氧老化机理研究.合成材料老化与应用,2007,36(3):18-21
[21]张艳萍,熊金平,左禹.碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的热老化机理.北京化工大学学报,2007,34(5):523-527
[22]袁立明,顾伯勤,陈晔.纤维增强橡胶基密封材料的热氧老化损伤研究(Ⅰ)——热氧老化损伤模型.润滑与密封,2006 (1):78-80
[23]过梅丽,许凤和.先进聚合物基材料的老化研究(Ⅰ)——热氧老化.航空学报,2000,21:62-65
[24]杨清芝.实用橡胶工艺学.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[25]马淑华,王凤文,张美金.单片机原理与接口技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005
[26] Y. Tian, P. L. Lewin, A. E: Davies and G. Hathaway,“Acoustic Emission for Partial Discharge Detection within Cable Insulation”, Proc. of 8th Intem. Conf. Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications (DMMA), pp. 503-508, Edinburgh, UK, 2000
[27] Kawai T, Takinami N, Chino Tetal. A new approach to cable fault location using fiber optic technology. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 1995, 10(1):85-91
[28]欧阳文. ATMEL89系列单片机的原理与开发实践.中国电力出版社,2007
[29]王兴玲,杜树杰,刘兰芳.计算机网络教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[30]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用.清华大学出版社,2004
[31]李自珍,郭宝安. MSP430系统应用结构设计与选型.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007. 7:11-13
[32]吕志刚,王鹏,范晓光.基于MSP430单片机的多功能、高精度数据采集系统.电子技术应用,2007. 7:70-72
[33]郭隐彪,兰劲,龚子伟.远程制造的多功能数控接口技术.现代制造工程,2005 (1):42-45
[34] Chee-Yee Chong and Srikanta P. Kumar. Sensor Networks: Evolution, Opportunities and challenges. Procee-Dings of the IEEE[C]. 2003, 91(8): 1247-1256
[35] P89V51RD2 Data Sheet周立功单片机
[36]李余庆,张华,刘继忠.基于DS1820的无线温度采集系统的设计.电子设计,2009,9(2):187-189
[37] Single chip 433/ 868/ 915 MHz Transceiver nRF905 Data Sheet. Nordic VLSI.
[38]汤绮婷.基于射频模块nRF905的粮库无线温湿度监控系统.电子产品世界2007(7):102-104
[39]李貌. CP2515在CAN总路线系统智能节点的应用.电气自动化,2006(5):43-45
[40]崔寅生.基于多串口通信的实时温度采集系统设计.微计算机信息,2009(34)
[41]曾洁,贾世杰,陈少华.基于串口通信方式实现对工控微处理器的代码下载与调试.化工自动化及仪表2009(1):86-88
[42]唐姗姗,曹立军.工程中的串口通信设计.信息通信,2009(5):35-37
[43]朱洪波. VisualC++6.0完全自学宝典.北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[44]李长林,高洁. VisualC++串口通信技术与典型实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[45]赵军,袁中凡,杨春生.利用VisvalC++下MSComm开发的串口通信软件.中国测试技术,2006(6):97-99
[46]范逸之. Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制.北京:中国青年出版社,2002
[47]李长林. Visual Basic串口通信技术与典型实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[48]路增力,宋玉林. VB中串口通讯的实现.江苏电器,2003(5):39-40
[49]梁振刚,葛亮,郝博.基于VC的数控加工传输系统.装备制造技术,2008(4):76-78
[50]董秀洁,赵程程.基于AT89S52和nRF905的无线遥控系统设计与实现.中原工学院学报,2010,21(4):27-29