面向服务的电子政务系统构建研究
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摘要
社会信息化的有效推进，使我国的电子政务建设也取得了非常显著的成效，然而电子政务建设的进程中依然存在诸多问题，如较为重视电子、硬件、建设、技术，而对于政务、软件、整合、服务等方面重视的程度不高。与此同时，各级政府及相关政府部门在对电子政务系统的建设中，大都从自身业务需求出发，各自为政，把信息资源进行单独的存储管理，从而产生了跨部门及地区的大量信息孤岛。正是这些信息孤岛的出现，对电子政务的持续健康发展以及社会信息化的有效推进造成了严重的阻碍。由此可见，怎样才能有效解决跨地区及跨部门的业务协同问题成为各方关注的焦点。
因此，本研究在对电子政务系统以及面向服务的相关理论进行深入分析研究的基础上提出构建面向服务的电子政务系统模型，将电子政务作为服务中心，通过将多项政务流程所需要的信息技术资源组织成为服务再来进行封装，进而整合成为功能更加强大的服务，用这样的方式来解决新出现的问题同时满足社会公众需求的不断变化。这一方面对现有的系统进行了充分利用，有效降低了开发成本，另一方面又可作为有效解决电子政务持续发展中的数据整合与信息孤岛以及资源共享等问题提供很好的借鉴。
本研究着重探讨了基于面向服务的电子政务系统模型的构建及相关技术。文章首先介绍国内外关于面向服务的架构以及电子政务的当前研究现状及研究背景，接下来介绍了面向服务的相关理论与基础知识，以及面向服务的体系结构。同时还比较分析了传统方法同SOA方法应用于电子政务建设中的优缺点，而后针对基于SOA的电子政务系统模型的构建进行了重点研究，并进行了案例论证。最后总结了研究成果的同时展望了该成果的未来研究方向。
总而言之，电子政务系统的项目建设还存在以下需要补充完善的方面：系统实施的各个阶段中，政务流程可能会发生增加或其它改变，因此，如何做好两者间矛盾与关系的协调规划将成为深入研究的重点；并未涉及系统的实现、电子政务系统的项目管理以及政府绩效评估和公众满意度等有关方面的内容；对系统的构建研究需要进行不断的深入探索、不断积累成功经验以及不断的完善，才有可能实现基于我国国情的，以公众需求为中心的及面向服务构架的电子政务系统。
Effectively promote the social informaization, the construction of e-government inChina have also made very significant achievements, however the electronicgovernment affairs in the process of the construction of the still has many problems,such as electronic, makes a great hardware, construction, technology, and forgovernment affairs, software, integration and service, high degree of attention. At thesame time, governments at all levels and the relevant government departments in e-govaffairs system's construction, the mostly from their own business requirements set out,fragmented, and put the information resources for single storage management, so as toproduce the departments and regions of the large quantities of information island. It isthese information island appeared to electronic government affairs for the healthydevelopment of the information society and the effective promote caused a seriousobstacle. Therefore, how to effectively solve the trans-regional and differentdepartments coordination problems become the focus of attention of the parties.
Therefore, this research in the electronic government affairs system and serviceoriented, makes a deep analysis of the related theory based on the study of it is proposedto construct the electronic government affairs service system model, will the electronicgovernment affairs as a service to the center, through a number of government will beneeded to process the information technology resources organization be service toencapsulate again, and then integrated become more powerful service function, the useof such methods to solve the problems of the new at the same time satisfy the constantchange of the public demand. On the one hand, the existing system make full use of,effectively reduce development costs, on the other hand, can be used as effectively solvethe electronic government affairs of the data integration and sustainable developmentinformation island and resources sharing provide very good reference.This researchfocuses on the based on service oriented e-government system models and relatedtechnology. This article first introduced the domestic and foreign service orientedarchitecture and on the current research status of electronic government affairs and theresearch background, and then introduces the related service oriented theory and basicknowledge, and service oriented architecture. Also compared with the traditionalmethods SOA analysis method is applied to the electronic government affairsconstruction of advantages and disadvantages, and then based on e-government systemmodel of the SOA the construction of the key research, and the example demonstrated.Finally summarized the research results of the prospects of the achievements in thefuture research direction
Overall, the electronic government affairs system project construction also has thefollowing need to replenish the perfect: the implementation of the system of each stageof government affairs process may occur increase or other change, therefore, how to dowell the contradiction and relationship between the coordinate planning will become the focus of research; Does not address the system is realized, electronic governmentsystem of project management and the performance evaluation of government andpublic satisfaction and other relevant aspects of content; The construction of the systemneeds to further exploration, to accumulate successful experience and have been theperfect, it will be possible to realize based on the condition of our country, and thepublic demand for the center and service oriented architecture of the electronicgovernment affairs system.
因此，本研究在对电子政务系统以及面向服务的相关理论进行深入分析研究的基础上提出构建面向服务的电子政务系统模型，将电子政务作为服务中心，通过将多项政务流程所需要的信息技术资源组织成为服务再来进行封装，进而整合成为功能更加强大的服务，用这样的方式来解决新出现的问题同时满足社会公众需求的不断变化。这一方面对现有的系统进行了充分利用，有效降低了开发成本，另一方面又可作为有效解决电子政务持续发展中的数据整合与信息孤岛以及资源共享等问题提供很好的借鉴。
本研究着重探讨了基于面向服务的电子政务系统模型的构建及相关技术。文章首先介绍国内外关于面向服务的架构以及电子政务的当前研究现状及研究背景，接下来介绍了面向服务的相关理论与基础知识，以及面向服务的体系结构。同时还比较分析了传统方法同SOA方法应用于电子政务建设中的优缺点，而后针对基于SOA的电子政务系统模型的构建进行了重点研究，并进行了案例论证。最后总结了研究成果的同时展望了该成果的未来研究方向。
总而言之，电子政务系统的项目建设还存在以下需要补充完善的方面：系统实施的各个阶段中，政务流程可能会发生增加或其它改变，因此，如何做好两者间矛盾与关系的协调规划将成为深入研究的重点；并未涉及系统的实现、电子政务系统的项目管理以及政府绩效评估和公众满意度等有关方面的内容；对系统的构建研究需要进行不断的深入探索、不断积累成功经验以及不断的完善，才有可能实现基于我国国情的，以公众需求为中心的及面向服务构架的电子政务系统。
Effectively promote the social informaization, the construction of e-government inChina have also made very significant achievements, however the electronicgovernment affairs in the process of the construction of the still has many problems,such as electronic, makes a great hardware, construction, technology, and forgovernment affairs, software, integration and service, high degree of attention. At thesame time, governments at all levels and the relevant government departments in e-govaffairs system's construction, the mostly from their own business requirements set out,fragmented, and put the information resources for single storage management, so as toproduce the departments and regions of the large quantities of information island. It isthese information island appeared to electronic government affairs for the healthydevelopment of the information society and the effective promote caused a seriousobstacle. Therefore, how to effectively solve the trans-regional and differentdepartments coordination problems become the focus of attention of the parties.
Therefore, this research in the electronic government affairs system and serviceoriented, makes a deep analysis of the related theory based on the study of it is proposedto construct the electronic government affairs service system model, will the electronicgovernment affairs as a service to the center, through a number of government will beneeded to process the information technology resources organization be service toencapsulate again, and then integrated become more powerful service function, the useof such methods to solve the problems of the new at the same time satisfy the constantchange of the public demand. On the one hand, the existing system make full use of,effectively reduce development costs, on the other hand, can be used as effectively solvethe electronic government affairs of the data integration and sustainable developmentinformation island and resources sharing provide very good reference.This researchfocuses on the based on service oriented e-government system models and relatedtechnology. This article first introduced the domestic and foreign service orientedarchitecture and on the current research status of electronic government affairs and theresearch background, and then introduces the related service oriented theory and basicknowledge, and service oriented architecture. Also compared with the traditionalmethods SOA analysis method is applied to the electronic government affairsconstruction of advantages and disadvantages, and then based on e-government systemmodel of the SOA the construction of the key research, and the example demonstrated.Finally summarized the research results of the prospects of the achievements in thefuture research direction
Overall, the electronic government affairs system project construction also has thefollowing need to replenish the perfect: the implementation of the system of each stageof government affairs process may occur increase or other change, therefore, how to dowell the contradiction and relationship between the coordinate planning will become the focus of research; Does not address the system is realized, electronic governmentsystem of project management and the performance evaluation of government andpublic satisfaction and other relevant aspects of content; The construction of the systemneeds to further exploration, to accumulate successful experience and have been theperfect, it will be possible to realize based on the condition of our country, and thepublic demand for the center and service oriented architecture of the electronicgovernment affairs system.
引文
[1]蔡晖．公安行业信息化应用解析[D]．北京邮电大学，2007.
[2]董华.我国政府信息资源公共获取研究[D]．华中师范大学，2009.
[3] Wu J, Gan R.Norm-based Contract Net Protocol for Coordination in Multi-agentSystem[A]．Processdings of the8th Symposium on Organizational Semiotics[C],Toulouse France.2005.6.
[4]王长胜．中国电子政务发展报告[M]．社会科学文献出版利，2004.10-15
[5] Wright G. Norm and action: a logical enquiry[M].New York: Humanities Press.1963.
[6]耿世雄．坚定不移发展中国特色社会主义民主政治[J]．山西高等学校社会科学学报，2009(11).
[7] Yefim V. Natis.Service-Oriented Architecture Scenario[EB/OL].
[8] Zachman J. Framework for Information Systems Architecture[J]. IBM Systems Joural,1987，26(3):282-290.
[9]欧阳纯萍．实施面向服务体系结构（SOA）关键技术的研究［D］．广西大学，2007．
[10] Taylor K L, O’Keefe C M，Colton J et al. A service-oriented architecture fora health research Data network. Proceedings of the16th InternationalConference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management, Santorini Island,Greece,2004:443-444.
[11] Dang G, cheng Z, Jin S et al. A service-oriented architecture for tele-immersion.Proceedings of the2005IEEE International. Conference on e-Technology,e-Commerce and e-Commerce and e-Service，Hong Kong，China,2005:646-649.
[12] Wang H, Ghoting A, Buehrer G et al. A services-oriented framework from nextgeneration data analysis centers. Proceedings of the19th IEEE InternationalParallel and Distributed Processing SymPosium,Denver,Colordao,2005:219.
[13] Arsanjani L, Zhang J, Ellis M, Allam A, Channabasavaiah K. S3: Aservice-oriented reference architecture[J]. IT Professional,2007,9(3):10-17.
[14]徐懋．基于SOA的电子政务系统安全模型的应用研究与实现[D]．重庆大学，2007.
[15]董大彬.我国电子政务发展浅析[J]．科技信息，2007，(19):276.
[16]张春荣，电子政务建设中的问题与措施[J]．北华航天工业学院学报，2007，17(2):20-22.
[17]何萍.中外电子政务建设之比较[J].科技情报开发与经济，2007，17(3):120-122.
[18]葛晓滨．基于SOA架构安全实施电子政务方法研究[J]．计算机与信息技术，2008(3):63-64.
[19]龙朝阳，肖静波．基于SOA的服务型电子政务模型研究[J]．情报杂志，2009，(24):1606-1610．
[20]王永，潘东．SOA架构的电子政务综合应用服务系统方案研究[J]．数字通信,2009,(9)：72-74．
[21]金竹青，刘玉秀等．基于面向服务架构的电子政务系统集成[J]．大连海事大学学报，2007，7(2008)：25–37．
[22]冯战．使用J2EE技术实现企业应用SOA架构的研究[D]．西北大学，2007：115-116．
[23]李楠，房凯．基于组件的第三方物流信息系统集成方案研究[J]．商场现代化，2009,(6)：82-84．
[24]薛书峰．基于ESB的数据交换平台在民航数据集成中的研究与应用[D]．南京航空航天大学，2008：127-129．
[25]焦洪智．基于Web Service物流信息平台的分析与构建［D］．武汉理工大学，2007，(1)：152-154．
[26]李伟．基于SOA的第三方物流配送干扰管理系统的分析与设计[D]．大连理工大学，2006．
[27]寻大勇．基于面向服务架构(SOA)的电子政务[J].中国管理信息化，2009，(8)：48-49．
[28]胡显贤．基于SOA的粮食物流配送系统的研究与实现[D]．浙江工商大学，2009，(8)：47-49．
[29]谭晓鹿．基于SOA的物流管理软件的设计与实现[D]．华东师范大学，2008，(2)：101-103．
[30] Melitski, James, Jr. The adoption and implementation of e-government: The caseof e-government in New Jersey. Ph.D. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey，2002.
[31]易小青．SOA三层架构在SCADA系统调度端的应用研究[D]．西南交通大学,2009.
[32]赵晓珺．基于SOA的移动电子商务系统的研究[D]．山东师范大学，2009.
[33]孙倩娜等.基于SOA理念的网络课程整合架构设计[J].软件导刊，2009，(10)：161-162．
[34] Allison Brueckner. E-Government II: Best Practices for Digital Government.Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2005,31(3):16.
[35] Ann Dale. E-Government Reconsidered: Renewal of Governance for the KnowledgeAge.Canadian Geographer,2005,49(3):317～318.
[36]刘从军等.基于SOA体系结构的ERP应用研究[J].现代电子技术,2009,(24):30-31.
[37] Peng Liu, Amit Chetal. Trust-based secure information sharing between federalgovernment agencies. Journal of the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology,2005,56(3):283～298.
[38]王一平．面向Web服务通信安全模型[D]．武汉科技大学，2009.
[39] Keng Siau, Yuan Long. Synthesizing e-government stage models-a meta-synthesisbased on meta-ethnography approach. Industrial Management+Data Systems,2005,105(3/4):443～458.
[40]李波．基于SOA的租信系统的设计与实现[D]．南京航空航天大学，2008.
[41] Costas Vassilakis. et.al. Barriers to Electronic Service Development. E-Service Journal.2005,4(1):41～65.
[42] Ronald S,Liu K, Hafkamp M, Ades Y Understanding the Roles of Signsand[J].Journal of Behavior&Information Technology,2000,19(1):15-27.
[43]唐志娟．中小服装企业Fast Fashion物流配送系统的研究与开发[D]．天津工业大学，2009.
[44]吴占坤等．浅谈我国电子政务中的信息资源整合[J]．黑河学刊，2007,(3):30-31.
[45] Liu K.Semiotics in Information Systems Engineering[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity Press,2000.
[46] Gan R, Du D. A Framework of Information Service Platform inE-government[J].Journal of Electronic Science and Technology ofChina,2004,2(3):152-155.
[47]郑锋．省级电子政务系统总体规划[J]．计算机工程，2007，(12)：76-81.
[48] Nicolai J. SOA in practice[M].California：OReilly,2007.
[49]王永等．SOA架构的电子政务综合应用服务系统方案研究[J]．数字通信，2009，(5)：13-19．
[50]朱思斯等．基于SOA的数字化校园服务注册研究及实现[J]．教育技术导刊，2009，(5)：217-221.
[2]董华.我国政府信息资源公共获取研究[D]．华中师范大学，2009.
[3] Wu J, Gan R.Norm-based Contract Net Protocol for Coordination in Multi-agentSystem[A]．Processdings of the8th Symposium on Organizational Semiotics[C],Toulouse France.2005.6.
[4]王长胜．中国电子政务发展报告[M]．社会科学文献出版利，2004.10-15
[5] Wright G. Norm and action: a logical enquiry[M].New York: Humanities Press.1963.
[6]耿世雄．坚定不移发展中国特色社会主义民主政治[J]．山西高等学校社会科学学报，2009(11).
[7] Yefim V. Natis.Service-Oriented Architecture Scenario[EB/OL].
[8] Zachman J. Framework for Information Systems Architecture[J]. IBM Systems Joural,1987，26(3):282-290.
[9]欧阳纯萍．实施面向服务体系结构（SOA）关键技术的研究［D］．广西大学，2007．
[10] Taylor K L, O’Keefe C M，Colton J et al. A service-oriented architecture fora health research Data network. Proceedings of the16th InternationalConference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management, Santorini Island,Greece,2004:443-444.
[11] Dang G, cheng Z, Jin S et al. A service-oriented architecture for tele-immersion.Proceedings of the2005IEEE International. Conference on e-Technology,e-Commerce and e-Commerce and e-Service，Hong Kong，China,2005:646-649.
[12] Wang H, Ghoting A, Buehrer G et al. A services-oriented framework from nextgeneration data analysis centers. Proceedings of the19th IEEE InternationalParallel and Distributed Processing SymPosium,Denver,Colordao,2005:219.
[13] Arsanjani L, Zhang J, Ellis M, Allam A, Channabasavaiah K. S3: Aservice-oriented reference architecture[J]. IT Professional,2007,9(3):10-17.
[14]徐懋．基于SOA的电子政务系统安全模型的应用研究与实现[D]．重庆大学，2007.
[15]董大彬.我国电子政务发展浅析[J]．科技信息，2007，(19):276.
[16]张春荣，电子政务建设中的问题与措施[J]．北华航天工业学院学报，2007，17(2):20-22.
[17]何萍.中外电子政务建设之比较[J].科技情报开发与经济，2007，17(3):120-122.
[18]葛晓滨．基于SOA架构安全实施电子政务方法研究[J]．计算机与信息技术，2008(3):63-64.
[19]龙朝阳，肖静波．基于SOA的服务型电子政务模型研究[J]．情报杂志，2009，(24):1606-1610．
[20]王永，潘东．SOA架构的电子政务综合应用服务系统方案研究[J]．数字通信,2009,(9)：72-74．
[21]金竹青，刘玉秀等．基于面向服务架构的电子政务系统集成[J]．大连海事大学学报，2007，7(2008)：25–37．
[22]冯战．使用J2EE技术实现企业应用SOA架构的研究[D]．西北大学，2007：115-116．
[23]李楠，房凯．基于组件的第三方物流信息系统集成方案研究[J]．商场现代化，2009,(6)：82-84．
[24]薛书峰．基于ESB的数据交换平台在民航数据集成中的研究与应用[D]．南京航空航天大学，2008：127-129．
[25]焦洪智．基于Web Service物流信息平台的分析与构建［D］．武汉理工大学，2007，(1)：152-154．
[26]李伟．基于SOA的第三方物流配送干扰管理系统的分析与设计[D]．大连理工大学，2006．
[27]寻大勇．基于面向服务架构(SOA)的电子政务[J].中国管理信息化，2009，(8)：48-49．
[28]胡显贤．基于SOA的粮食物流配送系统的研究与实现[D]．浙江工商大学，2009，(8)：47-49．
[29]谭晓鹿．基于SOA的物流管理软件的设计与实现[D]．华东师范大学，2008，(2)：101-103．
[30] Melitski, James, Jr. The adoption and implementation of e-government: The caseof e-government in New Jersey. Ph.D. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey，2002.
[31]易小青．SOA三层架构在SCADA系统调度端的应用研究[D]．西南交通大学,2009.
[32]赵晓珺．基于SOA的移动电子商务系统的研究[D]．山东师范大学，2009.
[33]孙倩娜等.基于SOA理念的网络课程整合架构设计[J].软件导刊，2009，(10)：161-162．
[34] Allison Brueckner. E-Government II: Best Practices for Digital Government.Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2005,31(3):16.
[35] Ann Dale. E-Government Reconsidered: Renewal of Governance for the KnowledgeAge.Canadian Geographer,2005,49(3):317～318.
[36]刘从军等.基于SOA体系结构的ERP应用研究[J].现代电子技术,2009,(24):30-31.
[37] Peng Liu, Amit Chetal. Trust-based secure information sharing between federalgovernment agencies. Journal of the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology,2005,56(3):283～298.
[38]王一平．面向Web服务通信安全模型[D]．武汉科技大学，2009.
[39] Keng Siau, Yuan Long. Synthesizing e-government stage models-a meta-synthesisbased on meta-ethnography approach. Industrial Management+Data Systems,2005,105(3/4):443～458.
[40]李波．基于SOA的租信系统的设计与实现[D]．南京航空航天大学，2008.
[41] Costas Vassilakis. et.al. Barriers to Electronic Service Development. E-Service Journal.2005,4(1):41～65.
[42] Ronald S,Liu K, Hafkamp M, Ades Y Understanding the Roles of Signsand[J].Journal of Behavior&Information Technology,2000,19(1):15-27.
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[44]吴占坤等．浅谈我国电子政务中的信息资源整合[J]．黑河学刊，2007,(3):30-31.
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