斜拉立体桁架结构优化设计
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摘要
随着科学的发展和社会的进步,特别是计算机的迅速发展,从而对高效优化设计技术的要求日益迫切。结构优化设计理论经过四十多年的发展已相当成熟。本文基于ANSYS平台的零阶方法和一阶方法,以实际工程为背景,对单榀斜拉立体桁架进行结构的优化,主要从事以下几个方面的工作:
(1)系统总结了斜拉结构的国内外的发展现状和工程应用,以及结构优化技术的发展、结构优化理论的研究现状和结构优化算法,指出斜拉立体桁架结构优化设计的意义及必要性。
(2)建立了斜拉立体桁架结构的有限元模型,并对预应力的引进方法进行比较,从而给出适合于斜拉立体桁架优化的预应力引入计算方法,建立斜拉立体桁架结构的优化数学模型(目标函数、设计变量、约束条件),确定优化设计的流程图。
(3)在拉索中未施加预应力的情况下对斜拉立体桁架的屋盖截面尺寸进行优化,在满足应力、位移等约束条件下使桁架重量最轻,达到既满足安全要求又节省材料的目的。
(4)介绍了预应力的优化方法,建立了预应力优化的数学模型,把拉索预应力和桁架截面尺寸共同进行优化,找出使结构重量最轻的索力值,并对斜拉立体桁架结构优化前后的结构内力和位移进行分析。
(5)给出了塔高优化的数学模型,对拉索中有无预应力分别进行了优化,得出塔高的合理值,并对塔高的影响进行了参数分析。
With the development of science and social progress, especially under the rapid development of computer, the demands of efficient design of optimization is increasingly urgent. After 40 years development, Structural optimization and design theory has been quite mature. Based on the ANSYS platform of Subproblem Approximation Method and First Order Optmization Method to the actual works as the background, the optimization of single-Pin cable-stayed space truss has been established, the contents was mainly in the following aspects:
(1) It was systematically summed up the development and the engineering application of cable-stayed structure abroad and home, as well as the development and methods of technology of structural optimum design, therefor the optimization of cable-stayed space truss was significance and necessary.
(2) The finite element model of cable-stayed space truss was established and the ways of pre-stressed introduced ,then compared with them to find which is suitable for cable-stayed space truss optimization . The optimization model of cable-stayed space truss was established (objective function, design variables, constraints) and the optimal design flow chart is determined.
(3) Under the pre-stressed not exertd ,the sectional optimization model of the space truss was established, meeting the stress, displacement and other constraints to achieve the lightest weight of space truss which was economic and reliable.
(4) Pre-stressed optimization methods was introduced , and it was established pre-stressed optimize model to find the reasonal value of cable , the internal forces and displacement analysised before and after the structure optimization .
(5) Under the pre-stress exerted or not, it was given optimize model of highth of pylon tower to find the reasonal value of height ,and the influences of height of pylon tower were analysised.
(1)系统总结了斜拉结构的国内外的发展现状和工程应用,以及结构优化技术的发展、结构优化理论的研究现状和结构优化算法,指出斜拉立体桁架结构优化设计的意义及必要性。
(2)建立了斜拉立体桁架结构的有限元模型,并对预应力的引进方法进行比较,从而给出适合于斜拉立体桁架优化的预应力引入计算方法,建立斜拉立体桁架结构的优化数学模型(目标函数、设计变量、约束条件),确定优化设计的流程图。
(3)在拉索中未施加预应力的情况下对斜拉立体桁架的屋盖截面尺寸进行优化,在满足应力、位移等约束条件下使桁架重量最轻,达到既满足安全要求又节省材料的目的。
(4)介绍了预应力的优化方法,建立了预应力优化的数学模型,把拉索预应力和桁架截面尺寸共同进行优化,找出使结构重量最轻的索力值,并对斜拉立体桁架结构优化前后的结构内力和位移进行分析。
(5)给出了塔高优化的数学模型,对拉索中有无预应力分别进行了优化,得出塔高的合理值,并对塔高的影响进行了参数分析。
With the development of science and social progress, especially under the rapid development of computer, the demands of efficient design of optimization is increasingly urgent. After 40 years development, Structural optimization and design theory has been quite mature. Based on the ANSYS platform of Subproblem Approximation Method and First Order Optmization Method to the actual works as the background, the optimization of single-Pin cable-stayed space truss has been established, the contents was mainly in the following aspects:
(1) It was systematically summed up the development and the engineering application of cable-stayed structure abroad and home, as well as the development and methods of technology of structural optimum design, therefor the optimization of cable-stayed space truss was significance and necessary.
(2) The finite element model of cable-stayed space truss was established and the ways of pre-stressed introduced ,then compared with them to find which is suitable for cable-stayed space truss optimization . The optimization model of cable-stayed space truss was established (objective function, design variables, constraints) and the optimal design flow chart is determined.
(3) Under the pre-stressed not exertd ,the sectional optimization model of the space truss was established, meeting the stress, displacement and other constraints to achieve the lightest weight of space truss which was economic and reliable.
(4) Pre-stressed optimization methods was introduced , and it was established pre-stressed optimize model to find the reasonal value of cable , the internal forces and displacement analysised before and after the structure optimization .
(5) Under the pre-stress exerted or not, it was given optimize model of highth of pylon tower to find the reasonal value of height ,and the influences of height of pylon tower were analysised.
引文
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[3]王玉田等,国家奥林匹克体育中心游泳馆斜拉屋盖结构设计,建筑结构学报,1991,1期
[4]崔振亚,张国庆.国家奥林匹克体育中心综合体育馆屋盖结构设计[J].建筑结构学报,1991,12(1),24-37
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[8]黄炳生.斜拉空间网格结构的分析与设计,南京建筑工程学院学报,2002,1,58-64
[9]肖识,殷为民.斜拉网架合理形体研究[A],中国土木工程学会桥梁分会第六届空间结构学术会议论文集[C],北京:地震出版社,1992,275-282
[10]王仕统,王伯宁,姜正荣.四柱支撑斜拉网架屋盖的静力分析与动力特性研究,空间结构,1999,5(2)18-27
[11]周岱等,斜拉网壳结构的构件分析和非线性动力计算,土本工程学报,1996,06,VOL32(6)40-46
[12]周岱等,拉索.网壳结构的动力特性和非线性动力反应,振动与冲击,2002,21(1),7-12
[13]Dai Zhou and Hongyu Liu,Nonlinear analysis of cable-stayed spatial latticed structrures,Structural Engineeringand Mechanics,2003,15(4),415-436
[14]周岱,董石麟.斜拉网壳结构的非线性静力分析,建筑结构学报,1992,2,VOL20(1),16-22
[15]赵鹏飞,郝成新等,浙江省黄龙体育中心主体育场挑棚结构模型试验研究,建筑结构学报,1999,20(5),16-23
[16]赵鹏飞,郝成新,钱基宏.浙江省黄龙体育中心主体育场斜拉索锚固节点模型试验研究,建筑结构学报,2001,22(3),7-14
[17]王策,房秀梅,陈云波.新加坡PSA工程塔柱及拉索设计,建筑结构,1997,5,32-34
[18]邓华,董石麟等,深圳游泳跳水馆主馆屋盖结构分析及风振响应计算,建筑结构学报,2004,4
[19]梁沽.斜拉网壳结构的风振响应分析,浙江大学硕十论文,2005
[20]熊衡峰.大跨度斜拉网架结构的隔震研究,广东土木与建筑,2003,10,10-11
[21]姜正荣,王仕统,魏德敏.斜拉网格杂交结构设计中的若干问题,钢结构,2005,20(78),41-44
[22]冯健,张耀康.预应力斜拉网格结构的静力优化分析,东南大学学报(自然科学版),33(5),583-587
[23]MS Troisky:Cable-stayed bridges-theory and design.Crosby Lockwood,Staples,London,1997
[24]Walton JM,Developments in steel cables.Journal of Construction Steel Research:1996;39
[25]P.Kneen,Cable-supported space frame roof structures,Space Structures,4,878-886
[26]Osamu Hosozawa,The role of cables in large span spatial structures:Introductionof recent space structures with cables in Japan,Engineering Structures 21 1999,795-804
[27]Krishna,E Cable suspended roofs[M],McGraw Hill,1978
[28]Gimsing NJ.Cable supported bridges-concept and design.2nd ed.Wiley Interscience,1996
[29]Liew JYR,Punniyakotty NM,Shanmugam NE.Advanced analysis and design of spatial structuress[J].J.Construct.Steel Research,1997,42(1):21-48
[30]Schmit,L.A.,Structural design by systematic synthesis.Proc.of Conf.OnElectronic Computation,ASCE.New York(1960):105-122.
[31]Venkayya,V.B.,Khot,N.S.,Reddyu,V.S.,Optimization of structures basedon the study of endrgy distribution.Proc.Of 2nd Conf.on Matrix Methods in Struct.Mech.,WPAFB,AFFDLTR-68-150,U.S.A.F(Dec.1969):111-153.
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[33]Schmit,L.A.,Miura,H.,Approximation concepts for efficient structuralsynthesis.NASA CR-2552(March 1976).
[34]Fleury C.Structural weight optimization by dual method of convex programming.International Journal for Numerical methods in Engineering,1979,14:1761-1783.
[35]Schmit.L.A.,Fleury.C.,Structurla synthesis by combiningapproximation concepts and dual methods.AIAA,18(1980):1252-1260.
[36]Khan.M.r.Willmert.K.D.,Thornton.W.A.,An optimality criterion method for large-scale structures.AIAA.J.17.7(1979):753-761.
[37]Dorn WS,Gomory RE,Greenoerg HJ.Automatic design of optimal structures.Journal de Meehanics.1964.3:25-52.
[38]钱令希.工程结构优化设计,北京.水力电力出版社,1983
[39]钱令希,钟万勰.结构优化设计的一个方法.
[40]钱令希,钟万勰,程耿东,隋允康.工程结构优化设计的一个新途径—序列二次规划SQP,计算结构力学及其应用,1984,1
[41]王光远,周正源,霍达.结构优化设计的两相优化法,力学学报,1983,4
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