国家高水平体育后备人才基地规范化建设长效机制研究
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摘要
国家高水平体育后备人才基地建设是竞技体育可持续发展的重要途径和保障。加强基地规范化建设是践行科学发展观的最好体现。竞技体育领域里深化训练体制改革、优化资源配置、发挥地域优势、调整布局结构和优化项目设置、加强教练员的培养以及加大训练经费的投入是旨在促进各基地体校适应社会发展,努力探索商业化和职业化的发展道路,建立起国家高水平体育后备人才基地规范化建设的长效机制。
为了进一步促进国家高水平体育后备人才基地建设的可持续性发展,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法等方法,对江苏省40所国家高水平体育后备人才基地规范化建设现状进行了调查,并分析基地规范化建设的内、外部影响因素,探索提高基地日常管理制度化、规范化、科学化水平,建立基地规范化建设长效机制,为主管部门制定有关国家基地规范化建设的政策,以及完善对基地的监管、考核制度的策略与措施提供可行性和建设性的参考依据。主要结论如下:
1、基地规范化建设长效机制的理念:科学制定与有效贯彻各项管理规章制度,充分发挥地域资源环境优势和凝练区域特色,积极组织与承办国际国内重大赛事,加强国内外交流学习与多边合作。
2、江苏省在各基地规范化建设中形成了良好的长效运行机制。具体表现在具有完善的基地认定办法、主管部门制度、地区行政政策、管理体制和制度。训练竞赛体制、训练管理制度、评价考核制度、教练聘用制度等政策制度得到有力实施。在教学管理制度上、招生体制、人才流动和输送体制、教育相关体制、教练培训制度、奖罚激励制度等长效性上需要进一步改革和完善。
3、基地中,平均设项数为5.175项,其中以2-6项设立居多,单项学校只有3所。项目布局充分体现了特色突出、合理分配的理念,集中了全省竞技体育的人力物力资源,体现了“举国体制”的长效战略优势。基地教练员的年龄和职称结构符合当前基地长效发展的需要,但学历偏低。
4、基地实行教练员推荐和基层推荐,辅以引进的后备人才选拔与输送模式。弥补并改善教练员在选材面的制约和信息面的不足等不利因素的同时注重运动员注册工作的长效管理机制。
5、基地的训练主要采用“三集中制”和“走训制”两种模式,将竞技体育后备人才培养的专门性与人才培养的灵活性相结合,满足了不同层次学生运动员的训练、学习和生活需要。
6、基地规范化建设中还存在:“重训练,轻管理”、“重硬件,轻软件”、“重训练,轻文化”、“重金牌,轻输送”、“重眼前,轻长远”和“高投入、低产出”的现象。
7、基地规范化建设的对策:坚持长效管理理念,做好抓制度、抓质量、抓细节、抓环境、抓落实和抓总结;把握基地管理科学化、系统化、标准化、数据化、信息化、个性化和前沿化特征,促进基地管理的长效;构建基地程序化管理模式,提升规范化管理水平;完善基地督查机制,推动基地的可持续性发展。
鉴于国家体育总局目前还未制定较完善的基地管理考核办法,本研究为总结经验、摒弃不足,提出总结基地创建成功经验,努力做好整改工作,进一步巩固成果,并形成制度;加强基地规范建设的检查和制度实施的监督,完善组织建设和制度体系,健全各级各部门组织领导责任制,确保基地规范化建设长效机制的落实等对策,为建立国家高水平体育后备人才基地规范化建设的长效机制提供参考。
It is a major way and protection to develop sports sustainability that building the National High Level Sports Talented Reserve Base. It is reflected that strengthening the base to practice the scientific development perspective. The aim is that promoting the base to meet the social development, who try to explore the development of commercial and professional way, establish national high level sports reserve talented person base the long-effect mechanism of standardization construction.
In order to further promote national high level sports reserve talented person base construction of sustainable development, by using the method of literature, expert interview, questionnaire and other methods, to carry on the investigation of the 40 countries base in Jiangsu province high level sports reserve talented person base standardization construction present situation, and analysis of the construction of the base in the standardization, internal and external factors, to explore daily management base institutionalized, standardization, scientific level, setting up base construction long-effect mechanism, formulate relevant competent department for national base construction policy, and improve and perfect the supervision of base, the strategy and measures assessment system provide the feasible and constructive reference. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. The concept of long-effect mechanism of construction in standardization of base is formulated to carry out the scientific and effective management rules and regulations, give full play to the regional resources environmental advantage and concise regional features, actively organize the international and domestic and big tournament and strengthen exchange study at home and abroad with multilateral cooperation.
2. A good long-term operation mechanism has been formed in Jiangsu province in the base of standardization construction. The specific performance of the base is the perfect of the evaluation method, the competent departments of the system, the area administrative policy, and management system. These have strong implementation in the training and competition system, the training management system, the evaluation and assessment system, the coach recruitment system and policy system. The teaching administration system, the enrollment system, the flow of talent system, the talent conveying system, the education related system, the coach training system, and the rewards and punishment of the motivation system, and so on long-term on further reform and improvement.
3. There are an average of 5.175 for training project settings in the base, which set up 2~6 items in the majority, single school is only 3. Embodies the outstanding characteristics fully in the project layout, reasonable distribution of the idea, and reflected "the whole nation system" of long-term strategic advantage on the athletic sports resources. The proportion of coaches’age, and professional title structure accord with current of the base’s long-term development needs, but low education background.
4. In the base, coaches recommend and grass-roots base recommendations, along with the introduction, are talents choosing and transportation mode. Make up and improve the coaches in the selection of base restriction and the information deficiency of unfavorable factors of athletes, and at the same time pay attention to the registered work long-term management system.
5. In the base, training by using two kinds of main pattern of "three centralism" and "going training system", the competitive sport backup the talent cultivation of the technicality and flexibility, and meet different levels of need about student athletes training, learning and life.
6. There are phenomena existing in the base construction what are the "attach most importance to training, hardware, gold medal and investment, but neglected management, software, transmission, culture and output".
7. The base construction is to stick to the countermeasures of the long-term management concept, make the catch system, grasping quality emphasizing details, environment, carries out and summary, etc.; grasp the scientific management of the base, systematic, standard, data, information, personalized and frontier to change feature, promote the base of long-term management; constructing base procedural management mode, promote standardization management level; perfect base of supervision mechanism and promoting the sustainable development of the base.
In view of the state general administration of sports are not yet make the perfect base management assessment measures, this research for summing up the experience, devoid of then puts forward summarizes the successful experience of the base construction, and work hard to corrective, further consolidate results, and formed the system; To strengthen the inspection and supervision of the implementation of the system on base construction in standard, and improve the construction organization and system, perfect levels on the departments organize leadership responsibility system, ensure base standardization construction long-term effective mechanism to carry out, for the establishment of a national high level sports reserve talented person base the long-effect mechanism of standardization construction to provide the reference.
为了进一步促进国家高水平体育后备人才基地建设的可持续性发展,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法等方法,对江苏省40所国家高水平体育后备人才基地规范化建设现状进行了调查,并分析基地规范化建设的内、外部影响因素,探索提高基地日常管理制度化、规范化、科学化水平,建立基地规范化建设长效机制,为主管部门制定有关国家基地规范化建设的政策,以及完善对基地的监管、考核制度的策略与措施提供可行性和建设性的参考依据。主要结论如下:
1、基地规范化建设长效机制的理念:科学制定与有效贯彻各项管理规章制度,充分发挥地域资源环境优势和凝练区域特色,积极组织与承办国际国内重大赛事,加强国内外交流学习与多边合作。
2、江苏省在各基地规范化建设中形成了良好的长效运行机制。具体表现在具有完善的基地认定办法、主管部门制度、地区行政政策、管理体制和制度。训练竞赛体制、训练管理制度、评价考核制度、教练聘用制度等政策制度得到有力实施。在教学管理制度上、招生体制、人才流动和输送体制、教育相关体制、教练培训制度、奖罚激励制度等长效性上需要进一步改革和完善。
3、基地中,平均设项数为5.175项,其中以2-6项设立居多,单项学校只有3所。项目布局充分体现了特色突出、合理分配的理念,集中了全省竞技体育的人力物力资源,体现了“举国体制”的长效战略优势。基地教练员的年龄和职称结构符合当前基地长效发展的需要,但学历偏低。
4、基地实行教练员推荐和基层推荐,辅以引进的后备人才选拔与输送模式。弥补并改善教练员在选材面的制约和信息面的不足等不利因素的同时注重运动员注册工作的长效管理机制。
5、基地的训练主要采用“三集中制”和“走训制”两种模式,将竞技体育后备人才培养的专门性与人才培养的灵活性相结合,满足了不同层次学生运动员的训练、学习和生活需要。
6、基地规范化建设中还存在:“重训练,轻管理”、“重硬件,轻软件”、“重训练,轻文化”、“重金牌,轻输送”、“重眼前,轻长远”和“高投入、低产出”的现象。
7、基地规范化建设的对策:坚持长效管理理念,做好抓制度、抓质量、抓细节、抓环境、抓落实和抓总结;把握基地管理科学化、系统化、标准化、数据化、信息化、个性化和前沿化特征,促进基地管理的长效;构建基地程序化管理模式,提升规范化管理水平;完善基地督查机制,推动基地的可持续性发展。
鉴于国家体育总局目前还未制定较完善的基地管理考核办法,本研究为总结经验、摒弃不足,提出总结基地创建成功经验,努力做好整改工作,进一步巩固成果,并形成制度;加强基地规范建设的检查和制度实施的监督,完善组织建设和制度体系,健全各级各部门组织领导责任制,确保基地规范化建设长效机制的落实等对策,为建立国家高水平体育后备人才基地规范化建设的长效机制提供参考。
It is a major way and protection to develop sports sustainability that building the National High Level Sports Talented Reserve Base. It is reflected that strengthening the base to practice the scientific development perspective. The aim is that promoting the base to meet the social development, who try to explore the development of commercial and professional way, establish national high level sports reserve talented person base the long-effect mechanism of standardization construction.
In order to further promote national high level sports reserve talented person base construction of sustainable development, by using the method of literature, expert interview, questionnaire and other methods, to carry on the investigation of the 40 countries base in Jiangsu province high level sports reserve talented person base standardization construction present situation, and analysis of the construction of the base in the standardization, internal and external factors, to explore daily management base institutionalized, standardization, scientific level, setting up base construction long-effect mechanism, formulate relevant competent department for national base construction policy, and improve and perfect the supervision of base, the strategy and measures assessment system provide the feasible and constructive reference. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. The concept of long-effect mechanism of construction in standardization of base is formulated to carry out the scientific and effective management rules and regulations, give full play to the regional resources environmental advantage and concise regional features, actively organize the international and domestic and big tournament and strengthen exchange study at home and abroad with multilateral cooperation.
2. A good long-term operation mechanism has been formed in Jiangsu province in the base of standardization construction. The specific performance of the base is the perfect of the evaluation method, the competent departments of the system, the area administrative policy, and management system. These have strong implementation in the training and competition system, the training management system, the evaluation and assessment system, the coach recruitment system and policy system. The teaching administration system, the enrollment system, the flow of talent system, the talent conveying system, the education related system, the coach training system, and the rewards and punishment of the motivation system, and so on long-term on further reform and improvement.
3. There are an average of 5.175 for training project settings in the base, which set up 2~6 items in the majority, single school is only 3. Embodies the outstanding characteristics fully in the project layout, reasonable distribution of the idea, and reflected "the whole nation system" of long-term strategic advantage on the athletic sports resources. The proportion of coaches’age, and professional title structure accord with current of the base’s long-term development needs, but low education background.
4. In the base, coaches recommend and grass-roots base recommendations, along with the introduction, are talents choosing and transportation mode. Make up and improve the coaches in the selection of base restriction and the information deficiency of unfavorable factors of athletes, and at the same time pay attention to the registered work long-term management system.
5. In the base, training by using two kinds of main pattern of "three centralism" and "going training system", the competitive sport backup the talent cultivation of the technicality and flexibility, and meet different levels of need about student athletes training, learning and life.
6. There are phenomena existing in the base construction what are the "attach most importance to training, hardware, gold medal and investment, but neglected management, software, transmission, culture and output".
7. The base construction is to stick to the countermeasures of the long-term management concept, make the catch system, grasping quality emphasizing details, environment, carries out and summary, etc.; grasp the scientific management of the base, systematic, standard, data, information, personalized and frontier to change feature, promote the base of long-term management; constructing base procedural management mode, promote standardization management level; perfect base of supervision mechanism and promoting the sustainable development of the base.
In view of the state general administration of sports are not yet make the perfect base management assessment measures, this research for summing up the experience, devoid of then puts forward summarizes the successful experience of the base construction, and work hard to corrective, further consolidate results, and formed the system; To strengthen the inspection and supervision of the implementation of the system on base construction in standard, and improve the construction organization and system, perfect levels on the departments organize leadership responsibility system, ensure base standardization construction long-term effective mechanism to carry out, for the establishment of a national high level sports reserve talented person base the long-effect mechanism of standardization construction to provide the reference.
引文
[1]国家体育总局命名211所体育学校为国家高水平体育后备人才基地——国家体育总局体竞字[2005]18号文件[J].少年体育训练,2005(2):3-5
[2]关于命名北京什刹海等310所体校为“国家高水平体育后备人才基地”的决定——国家体育总局体竞字[2009]12号文件[J].少年体育训练,2009(1):4-6
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[5]张平.丹东市高水平体育后备人才基地可持续发展模式研究——以丹东市体育运动学校为例[D].辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
[6]杨建雄,陈国强.高校体育院系与国家奥林匹克体育后备人才基地互动双赢模式研究——基于湖州师院体育学院与湖州市体育运动学校互动项目实证研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007(10):1395-1397
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[2]关于命名北京什刹海等310所体校为“国家高水平体育后备人才基地”的决定——国家体育总局体竞字[2009]12号文件[J].少年体育训练,2009(1):4-6
[3]《国家高水平体育后备人才基地》学校校长会议简介[J].少年体育训练,2005(4):2
[4]周存生.从“国家高水平体育后备人才基地”评选促进学校的教学改革[J].北京体育大学学报,2007(S1):268-269
[5]张平.丹东市高水平体育后备人才基地可持续发展模式研究——以丹东市体育运动学校为例[D].辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
[6]杨建雄,陈国强.高校体育院系与国家奥林匹克体育后备人才基地互动双赢模式研究——基于湖州师院体育学院与湖州市体育运动学校互动项目实证研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007(10):1395-1397
[7]张文普.河南省竞技体育后备人才基地建设研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2006(6):752-754
[8]徐欣.上海市高水平体育后备人才基地的研究[J].商情(科学教育家) ,2008(3):252-254
[9]张亮,郭振,李越,叶联生.我国高水平体育后备人才基地建设研究[J].体育文化导刊,2010(7):46-48
[10]张鹏宇.福建省国家高水平体育后备人才基地建设调查研究[D].福建师范大学硕士学位论文,2010
[11]孙久喜,阿英嘎,周生旺,孙育龙.江苏省高水平后备人才基地建设调查研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2009(7):76-80
[12]项和平,许贵泉.对我国竞技体育后备人才培养的探析[J].安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005(3):116-118
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