鱼类病原菌蛭弧菌的研究
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摘要
蛭弧菌是一类专门以捕食其他细菌，特别是革兰氏阴性细菌为生的寄生性细菌。蛭弧菌宿主范围广泛，不仅能裂解大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌等常见的细菌，还能寄生于变形杆菌属、假单胞菌属及气单胞菌属等一些鱼类病原菌，并且对病原菌的裂解能力明显高于其他一些普通细菌。对蛭弧菌的研究比较慢，早期的研究主要集中在其生物学性质及生理学研究，自蛭弧菌(Bdellovibrio bacterirvorus HD100)全基因组的公布，蛭弧菌的研究得到突飞猛进的发展。对蛭弧菌微生态学研究也随之迅速发展起来，而国内主要是进行蛭弧菌的水产养殖上的应用研究。
我们从眉山养殖场患病死(或垂死)南方大口鲶中分离到四株鱼类病原菌，分别命名为N1、N2、N3、N4，并利用柯赫原则进行人工注射回归感染试验，证明该四株菌都是病原菌，经鉴定N3菌初步鉴定为普通变形杆菌。以普通变形杆菌和嗜水气单胞菌为宿主菌，从成都通威水产有限公司园内鱼塘及其周围白莲池村、成都污水处理厂和雅安等地采集的水样(或土样)中分离到11株蛭弧菌，并对其中三株裂解能力比较强的蛭弧菌(Bd-tw1、Bd-tw3、Bd-tw7)进行一系列的的生物学研究。这三株的宿主范围都比较广，不仅能裂解变形杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌和大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌，还能金黄色葡萄球菌，其中Bd-tw1、Bd-tw7甚至能裂解枯草芽胞杆菌。这三株菌具有典型的蛭弧菌特征，个体较小，在双层琼脂平板上出斑时间较早，并且随着培养时间的延长，噬菌
Bdellovibrio are predators of other bacteria,especially gram-negative bacteria. The prey range of Bdellovibrio is very wide .It no only can lyse some common bacteria,for example E.coli salmonella,but also the fish pathogenic strains Aeromonas Proleus and Pseudomonas. They lyse the pathogenic strains stronger than others.The study of Bdellovibrios is very slow. The early study of Bdellovibrios focused on their biological characteristics and physiology characteristics. When the Genomic Perspective of Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus HD100 was reported, the study of Bdellovibrios happened to develop advanced rapidly, and also the Micro Ecology research . Researchers in China mostly make the Bdellovibrio applied in aquatic products.
Four pathogenic bacteria named N1,N2,N3 and N4 were originally isolated from moribund Silurus meridionalis in an outbreak of hemorrgagic disease at a fish farm in Meishan. Healthy Silurus meridionalis were infected by injection and immersion with four strains of the isolated bacteria and the 4 strains induced 100% mortality by the Koch's postulate. The strain N3 is identified as Proleus strain. Eleven strains of Bdellovibrios are separated from the pound sullage and soil which is from Chengdu TongWei Aquatic Science & Technology Co. Ltd., the sewage which is from Chengdu sewage farm, and the soil which is from Ya'an. Meanwhile the separated strain(Proleus strain) and Aeromonas hydrophila were selected as host. Then there are a series of study on the biological characteristics of Bd-tw1 Bd-tw3 and Bd-tw7. The prey range of Bdellovibrios were very wide . It can lyse the gram-negative strains Aeromonas hydrophila , N1, N2, N3, N4, Proleus strain and
我们从眉山养殖场患病死(或垂死)南方大口鲶中分离到四株鱼类病原菌，分别命名为N1、N2、N3、N4，并利用柯赫原则进行人工注射回归感染试验，证明该四株菌都是病原菌，经鉴定N3菌初步鉴定为普通变形杆菌。以普通变形杆菌和嗜水气单胞菌为宿主菌，从成都通威水产有限公司园内鱼塘及其周围白莲池村、成都污水处理厂和雅安等地采集的水样(或土样)中分离到11株蛭弧菌，并对其中三株裂解能力比较强的蛭弧菌(Bd-tw1、Bd-tw3、Bd-tw7)进行一系列的的生物学研究。这三株的宿主范围都比较广，不仅能裂解变形杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌和大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌，还能金黄色葡萄球菌，其中Bd-tw1、Bd-tw7甚至能裂解枯草芽胞杆菌。这三株菌具有典型的蛭弧菌特征，个体较小，在双层琼脂平板上出斑时间较早，并且随着培养时间的延长，噬菌
Bdellovibrio are predators of other bacteria,especially gram-negative bacteria. The prey range of Bdellovibrio is very wide .It no only can lyse some common bacteria,for example E.coli salmonella,but also the fish pathogenic strains Aeromonas Proleus and Pseudomonas. They lyse the pathogenic strains stronger than others.The study of Bdellovibrios is very slow. The early study of Bdellovibrios focused on their biological characteristics and physiology characteristics. When the Genomic Perspective of Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus HD100 was reported, the study of Bdellovibrios happened to develop advanced rapidly, and also the Micro Ecology research . Researchers in China mostly make the Bdellovibrio applied in aquatic products.
Four pathogenic bacteria named N1,N2,N3 and N4 were originally isolated from moribund Silurus meridionalis in an outbreak of hemorrgagic disease at a fish farm in Meishan. Healthy Silurus meridionalis were infected by injection and immersion with four strains of the isolated bacteria and the 4 strains induced 100% mortality by the Koch's postulate. The strain N3 is identified as Proleus strain. Eleven strains of Bdellovibrios are separated from the pound sullage and soil which is from Chengdu TongWei Aquatic Science & Technology Co. Ltd., the sewage which is from Chengdu sewage farm, and the soil which is from Ya'an. Meanwhile the separated strain(Proleus strain) and Aeromonas hydrophila were selected as host. Then there are a series of study on the biological characteristics of Bd-tw1 Bd-tw3 and Bd-tw7. The prey range of Bdellovibrios were very wide . It can lyse the gram-negative strains Aeromonas hydrophila , N1, N2, N3, N4, Proleus strain and
引文
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