丙烯酸—丙烯酰胺共聚纤维及其吸水性能研究
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摘要
在较全面分析高吸水纤维特征及吸水机理、类型及制备方法、应用及发展趋势的基础上,以含亲水性基团的丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为单体,含活性反应基团的不饱和单体为潜交联剂合成线性成纤聚合物,并采用先纺丝成形而后交联的方法,制备出具有较高吸水保水性能的丙烯酸—丙烯酰胺共聚物纤维。研究了潜交联剂种类、潜交联剂用量、交联温度及交联时间等因素对交联后丙烯酸—丙烯酰胺共聚物吸水性能的影响,结果表明,以含有活性羟基且具有不饱和双键的丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯为潜交联剂,其用量为单体质量1wt%,在140℃下交联30min所得丙烯酸—丙烯酰胺共聚物交联结构较为完善,饱和吸水率可达400g/g,饱和吸盐水率可达60g/g。
以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂、丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯(HQ)为潜交联剂、经球磨处理的酸活化海泡石为填料,采用水溶液聚合填充法制备海泡石填充丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物(PAAMx),并经后交联处理赋予其交联结构。研究了KPS用量、AA中和度及海泡石用量对聚合反应动力学的影响,并讨论了海泡石用量、交联温度和交联时间对CPAAMx吸水性能的影响。结果表明,本研究范围内的最佳聚合条件是:KPS用量为0.5wt%,AA中和度为60%,海泡石用量为5wt%;最佳交联条件为:交联温度为140℃,交联时间为30min。
对丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物(PAAM)水溶液的流变行为进行拟合分析发现,PAAM水溶液的流变行为符合符合Ostwald-de Wale幂律方程,粘均分子量和测试温度均对PAAM水溶液的流变行为有较大影响。随PAAM粘均分子量增大,溶液的表观粘度增大,非牛顿流动性突出:随测试温度升高,溶液的表观粘度降低,非牛顿流动性突出。
对海泡石改性PAAM悬浊液(PAAMx悬浊液)的流变行为进行拟合分析发现,当海泡石用量较小时,PAAMx悬浊液的流变行为符合Ostwald-de Wale幂律方程;当海泡石用量较大时,PAAMx悬浊液的流变行为符合Hersche-Bulkley流动模型。海泡石用量和PAAMx悬浊液的浓度对悬浊液的流变行为均有一定影响。随海泡石用量增大,PAAMx悬浊液的表观粘度下降,其非牛顿流动性更为显著;随PAAMx悬浊液的浓度增大,其表观粘度增大,非牛顿性也明显增大。
以KPS为引发剂、HQ为潜交联剂、经球磨处理的酸活化海泡石为填
On the basis of the analysis of the characteristic and mechanism, type and preparation method, research and application development of superabsrobent fibers, acryle acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) were chosen as monomers because of the hydrophilic side group on their molecules. 2-hydropropyl acrylate (HQ) was used as potential crosslinking agent due to its activating hydroxyl group and its unsaturated bond. Copoly (acrylic acid-acrylamide) (PAAM) was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization, and CPAAM fibers with three- dimensional network structure were prepared by heat treatment after spinning of PAAM aqueous solution. Sepiolite-filled CPAAM (CPAAMx) fibers, PVA-CPAAM blend fibers and aliphatic alcohols modified CPAAM fibers were made by introducing sepiolite, PVA and aliphatic alcohols into CPAAM fibers, respectively. The factors, on which the structures and properties of the fibers depended, the rheology of PAAM aqeous solution and sepiolite-filled PAAM suspension, the mechnism of crosslinking and the effect of three-dimensional network structure on the water absorptive properties of fibers were studied.The effect of potential crosslinking agent type and content, crosslinking temperature and time on the water absorptive property of CPAAM was firstly studied. The results showed that per gram CPAAM, which was prepared by chosing HQ as a potential crosslinking agent with content of lwt% and heat crosslinking at 140°C for 30 minutes, could absorb 400 g distilled water or 60 g 0.9% NaCl solution.The effect of polymerizing conditions on the copolymerization kinetics and the dependence of water absorptive properties of PAAMx on its sepio-lite content and crosslinking condition were studied. The optimal polymerizing conditions in this research were: initiator content of 0.5wt%, AA neutralization of 60% and sepiolite content of 5wt%. The optimal crosslinking conditions in this research were crosslinking for 30min at 140℃.The rheology of PAAM aqueous solution and sepiolite-filled PAAM suspension was investigated. The decrease of shear viscosity with increasing
shear rate showed the shear shinning. Lower average viscosity molecular weight and higher temperature would lead to a lower shear viscosity of PAAM aqueous solution. The shear viscosity of sepiolite-filled PAAM suspension decreased with the increase in sepiolite content and its concentration.The study of CPAAMx fiber showed the complementary of the organic phase and inorganic phase in the fiber. The results indicated that, the gel fraction, thermal stability, tensile strength and water absorptive property of the fiber were developed by filling some sepiolite in the fiber. Fiber which contained 3wt% sepiolite obtained higher water absorbency with the water retention of more than 80%.The study of PVA-CPAAM blend fiber showed the changing of congery states of both PVA and PAAM molecules after mixing. Chemical crosslink points between PAAM molecules were formed after heat-treatment, and the water absorbency of fibers decreased with the increase in crosslinking temperature and time. Tensile properties of PVA-CPAAM blend fibers were also studied. The results showed that PVA-CPAAM blend fibers could be used for nonwoven manufacture.The dependence of modifying effective and water absorptive properties of aliphatic alcohols modified fibers on alkyl chain length of aliphatic alcohols and volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water (Hmix) in the modified mixture was studied. Incipiently, the modified fibers with longer alkyl chain had higher modifying effective. With the increase in modifying time, the modifing effective of fibers with shorter alkyl chain increased quickly. In this research, the fibers modified by 1-butanol mixture for 1 ~ 6 min with Hmix of 1/1 obtained better water absorptive properties.
以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂、丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯(HQ)为潜交联剂、经球磨处理的酸活化海泡石为填料,采用水溶液聚合填充法制备海泡石填充丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物(PAAMx),并经后交联处理赋予其交联结构。研究了KPS用量、AA中和度及海泡石用量对聚合反应动力学的影响,并讨论了海泡石用量、交联温度和交联时间对CPAAMx吸水性能的影响。结果表明,本研究范围内的最佳聚合条件是:KPS用量为0.5wt%,AA中和度为60%,海泡石用量为5wt%;最佳交联条件为:交联温度为140℃,交联时间为30min。
对丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物(PAAM)水溶液的流变行为进行拟合分析发现,PAAM水溶液的流变行为符合符合Ostwald-de Wale幂律方程,粘均分子量和测试温度均对PAAM水溶液的流变行为有较大影响。随PAAM粘均分子量增大,溶液的表观粘度增大,非牛顿流动性突出:随测试温度升高,溶液的表观粘度降低,非牛顿流动性突出。
对海泡石改性PAAM悬浊液(PAAMx悬浊液)的流变行为进行拟合分析发现,当海泡石用量较小时,PAAMx悬浊液的流变行为符合Ostwald-de Wale幂律方程;当海泡石用量较大时,PAAMx悬浊液的流变行为符合Hersche-Bulkley流动模型。海泡石用量和PAAMx悬浊液的浓度对悬浊液的流变行为均有一定影响。随海泡石用量增大,PAAMx悬浊液的表观粘度下降,其非牛顿流动性更为显著;随PAAMx悬浊液的浓度增大,其表观粘度增大,非牛顿性也明显增大。
以KPS为引发剂、HQ为潜交联剂、经球磨处理的酸活化海泡石为填
On the basis of the analysis of the characteristic and mechanism, type and preparation method, research and application development of superabsrobent fibers, acryle acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) were chosen as monomers because of the hydrophilic side group on their molecules. 2-hydropropyl acrylate (HQ) was used as potential crosslinking agent due to its activating hydroxyl group and its unsaturated bond. Copoly (acrylic acid-acrylamide) (PAAM) was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization, and CPAAM fibers with three- dimensional network structure were prepared by heat treatment after spinning of PAAM aqueous solution. Sepiolite-filled CPAAM (CPAAMx) fibers, PVA-CPAAM blend fibers and aliphatic alcohols modified CPAAM fibers were made by introducing sepiolite, PVA and aliphatic alcohols into CPAAM fibers, respectively. The factors, on which the structures and properties of the fibers depended, the rheology of PAAM aqeous solution and sepiolite-filled PAAM suspension, the mechnism of crosslinking and the effect of three-dimensional network structure on the water absorptive properties of fibers were studied.The effect of potential crosslinking agent type and content, crosslinking temperature and time on the water absorptive property of CPAAM was firstly studied. The results showed that per gram CPAAM, which was prepared by chosing HQ as a potential crosslinking agent with content of lwt% and heat crosslinking at 140°C for 30 minutes, could absorb 400 g distilled water or 60 g 0.9% NaCl solution.The effect of polymerizing conditions on the copolymerization kinetics and the dependence of water absorptive properties of PAAMx on its sepio-lite content and crosslinking condition were studied. The optimal polymerizing conditions in this research were: initiator content of 0.5wt%, AA neutralization of 60% and sepiolite content of 5wt%. The optimal crosslinking conditions in this research were crosslinking for 30min at 140℃.The rheology of PAAM aqueous solution and sepiolite-filled PAAM suspension was investigated. The decrease of shear viscosity with increasing
shear rate showed the shear shinning. Lower average viscosity molecular weight and higher temperature would lead to a lower shear viscosity of PAAM aqueous solution. The shear viscosity of sepiolite-filled PAAM suspension decreased with the increase in sepiolite content and its concentration.The study of CPAAMx fiber showed the complementary of the organic phase and inorganic phase in the fiber. The results indicated that, the gel fraction, thermal stability, tensile strength and water absorptive property of the fiber were developed by filling some sepiolite in the fiber. Fiber which contained 3wt% sepiolite obtained higher water absorbency with the water retention of more than 80%.The study of PVA-CPAAM blend fiber showed the changing of congery states of both PVA and PAAM molecules after mixing. Chemical crosslink points between PAAM molecules were formed after heat-treatment, and the water absorbency of fibers decreased with the increase in crosslinking temperature and time. Tensile properties of PVA-CPAAM blend fibers were also studied. The results showed that PVA-CPAAM blend fibers could be used for nonwoven manufacture.The dependence of modifying effective and water absorptive properties of aliphatic alcohols modified fibers on alkyl chain length of aliphatic alcohols and volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water (Hmix) in the modified mixture was studied. Incipiently, the modified fibers with longer alkyl chain had higher modifying effective. With the increase in modifying time, the modifing effective of fibers with shorter alkyl chain increased quickly. In this research, the fibers modified by 1-butanol mixture for 1 ~ 6 min with Hmix of 1/1 obtained better water absorptive properties.
引文
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