开绕组电机双端级联式五电平逆变器调制策略研究
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摘要
随着科技的发展，工业生产、交通运输等场合对电力变换器高压、大容量、低损耗的要求日益提高。双端级联式五电平逆变器能够有效提高输出电压等级与输出电平数，对于使用较低耐压等级的开关器件实现高压大功率变换具有重要意义。
本文以双端级联式五电平逆变器作为研究对象，针对双逆变器调制策略中存在的零序电压抑制、中点电位平衡、死区补偿、窄脉冲消除等问题进行研究，基于不同调制目的提出多种五电平SVPWM调制策略。
针对不同母线结构下的逆变器拓扑进行研究，分别建立逆变器在独立母线结构和共母线结构下的数学模型，以此为基础分析两种母线结构下不同开关状态对直流侧电容电压的影响；根据双端级联式拓扑的特点分别对系统产生的共模电压和零序电压进行分析。
根据独立母线结构的双端级联式逆变器良好的容错特性，设计容错控制系统主回路，分析故障时的控制流程和负载电流流通路径。根据容错系统的控制要求，提出一种五电平容错调制策略。该调制策略采用参考电压分解法结合三电平简化算法进行调制，采用平衡因子法控制中点电位，能够同时满足正常工作状态和故障工作状态的需求。
针对共母线结构下存在的零序环流问题，提出一种零共模电压矢量SVPWM调制策略，完全消除系统的零序电压和共模电压。调制策略采用线电压坐标系法为基础，分析不同的零共模电压矢量对中点电位的影响，以此为依据提出该调制策略下首发矢量选择原则，并利用最优空间矢量理论实现优化控制，降低输出电压谐波含量。
以简化调制为目的，提出一种平均零序电压消除调制策略。该策略结合统一快速算法和空间电压矢量解耦方法，使得调制过程大为简化，缩短程序运行时间。通过改变有效时间Teff在开关周期内的位置，使1/2个开关周期内所产生的共模电压和零序电压的平均值为零，抑制零序电流，同时实现中点电位平衡控制。
为降低开关损耗，基于上述平均零序电压消除调制策略，提出一种零共模电压矢量钳位调制策略。在等效开关频率不变的前提下，通过两台逆变器交替钳位工作模式大大降低逆变器开关损耗；结合平衡因子法和逆变器轮流钳位方式，控制中点电位；在调制度m≤0.5时选择零矢量作为钳位矢量，避免了逆变器在正常状态与钳位状态之间切换时出现电压越级跳变现象(n→p或p→n)。
最后分析了双端级联式五电平逆变器死区和窄脉冲的影响，针对死区效应给出时间补偿和电压补偿两种解决方法；对窄脉冲消除方法进行研究，给出一种同时考虑死区补偿及窄脉冲消除的方法。
With the development of science and technology, the demand of high voltage,large capacity and low cost for power converters is daily increasing in the occasion ofindustrial production, transportation and so on. Dual three-level inverters fed with anopen-end winding induction motor (dual-terminal cascaded five-level inverter) caneffectively increase the rating of output voltage and the number of output level in thedual-inverter system. Thus, the dual-inverter topology has great significance inachieving the conversion of high voltage and large power for the using of switchingdevices with low power rating. A variety of five-level SVPWM modulation strategiesare proposed for different modulation purposes.
In this dissertation, the so called dual-terminal cascaded five-level inverter istreated as the object of study. The problems, such as the zero-sequence voltagesuppression, nuetral-point potential balance, dead-time compensation, narrow-pulseelimination and so on, existed in the dual-inverter modulation strategy are researched.
Firstly, the topology of dual-terminal cascaded five-level inverter is analyzed and729kinds of synthetic voltage-vector combinations of this inverter as aforementionedare listed. Mathematical models of the dual-inverter topology with common dc-linkstructure and independent dc-link structure are respectively established and the effectsof different switching states on the dc-link capacitor voltage with the two differentdc-link structures aforementioned are researched. According to the characteristics ofthe dual-terminal cascaded topology, the common-mode voltage, which is produced intraditional single-inverter system, is decomposed into zero-sequence voltage andcommon-mode voltage for analysis.
Secondly, according to the fault-tolerant characteristics of the dual-terminalcascaded five-level inverter, the main circuit of fault-tolerant control system isdesigned. When the system fails, the control process and the path of load current areanalyzed in this fault situation. In order to meet the requirements of fault-tolerantcontrol system, a fault-tolerant modulation strategy is proposed. This modulationstrategy, which is based on a three-level simplified algorithm, controls theneutral-point potential by detecting the dc-link capacitor voltages.
In order to solve the problem of zero-sequence circulating current in the commondc-link system, a SVPWM strategy based on zero common-mode voltage vectors isproposed to completely eliminate zero-sequence voltage and common-mode voltagein the system. This strategy is based on the method of line-voltage coordinate. Theselection principle of starting voltage vector depends on the analysis of the effects ofdifferent zero common-mode voltage vectors on the neutral-point potential. Thetheory of optimal space-vector location is adopted to achieve optimal control andreduce the output harmonic content.
For the purpose of simplifying the modulation, a modulation strategy ofeliminating the average common-mode voltage is proposed in this dissertation. Thisstrategy, which combines the simplified algorithm and space-vector decouplingmethod, can extremely simplified the modulation process and shorten the runningtime of program. By changing the effective-time Teffposition within a switching cycle,the average values of common-mode voltage and zero-sequence voltage, which aregenerated in the dual inverter system within half a switching cycle, are zero, makingzero-sequence current suppressed, while achieving the dynamic balancing ofneutral-point potential.
To reduce the switching loss, a modulation strategy, which is based on the abovemethod of eliminating common-mode voltage in the average sense, with the zerocommon-mode voltage vector clamped, is proposed in the dissertation. Under thepremise of adopting the same sampling frequency, employing the operating modewith two inverters alternately clamped is able to reduce switching losses. Theneutral-point potential is balanced by combining using the balancing-factor methodand adopting the working mode of alternately clamping two inverters. In order toavoid the leapfrog-jump phenomenon of pole voltage of the inverter(n→p or p→n),when the inverter is switched between normal state and clamped state, zero vector isselected as the clamped vector when the modulation index m is lower than0.5.
Finally, two solutions of the time compensation and voltage compensation,which are based on the analysis of dead-time effect of the dual-terminal cascadedfive-level inverter, are given to compensate the dead-time effect. A strategy, which isin view of the analysis of the method of narrow-pulse elimination, of taking both thedead-time compensation and narrow-pulse elimination into consideration is proposedin this dissertation.
There are83figures,14tables and165references in this dissertation.
本文以双端级联式五电平逆变器作为研究对象，针对双逆变器调制策略中存在的零序电压抑制、中点电位平衡、死区补偿、窄脉冲消除等问题进行研究，基于不同调制目的提出多种五电平SVPWM调制策略。
针对不同母线结构下的逆变器拓扑进行研究，分别建立逆变器在独立母线结构和共母线结构下的数学模型，以此为基础分析两种母线结构下不同开关状态对直流侧电容电压的影响；根据双端级联式拓扑的特点分别对系统产生的共模电压和零序电压进行分析。
根据独立母线结构的双端级联式逆变器良好的容错特性，设计容错控制系统主回路，分析故障时的控制流程和负载电流流通路径。根据容错系统的控制要求，提出一种五电平容错调制策略。该调制策略采用参考电压分解法结合三电平简化算法进行调制，采用平衡因子法控制中点电位，能够同时满足正常工作状态和故障工作状态的需求。
针对共母线结构下存在的零序环流问题，提出一种零共模电压矢量SVPWM调制策略，完全消除系统的零序电压和共模电压。调制策略采用线电压坐标系法为基础，分析不同的零共模电压矢量对中点电位的影响，以此为依据提出该调制策略下首发矢量选择原则，并利用最优空间矢量理论实现优化控制，降低输出电压谐波含量。
以简化调制为目的，提出一种平均零序电压消除调制策略。该策略结合统一快速算法和空间电压矢量解耦方法，使得调制过程大为简化，缩短程序运行时间。通过改变有效时间Teff在开关周期内的位置，使1/2个开关周期内所产生的共模电压和零序电压的平均值为零，抑制零序电流，同时实现中点电位平衡控制。
为降低开关损耗，基于上述平均零序电压消除调制策略，提出一种零共模电压矢量钳位调制策略。在等效开关频率不变的前提下，通过两台逆变器交替钳位工作模式大大降低逆变器开关损耗；结合平衡因子法和逆变器轮流钳位方式，控制中点电位；在调制度m≤0.5时选择零矢量作为钳位矢量，避免了逆变器在正常状态与钳位状态之间切换时出现电压越级跳变现象(n→p或p→n)。
最后分析了双端级联式五电平逆变器死区和窄脉冲的影响，针对死区效应给出时间补偿和电压补偿两种解决方法；对窄脉冲消除方法进行研究，给出一种同时考虑死区补偿及窄脉冲消除的方法。
With the development of science and technology, the demand of high voltage,large capacity and low cost for power converters is daily increasing in the occasion ofindustrial production, transportation and so on. Dual three-level inverters fed with anopen-end winding induction motor (dual-terminal cascaded five-level inverter) caneffectively increase the rating of output voltage and the number of output level in thedual-inverter system. Thus, the dual-inverter topology has great significance inachieving the conversion of high voltage and large power for the using of switchingdevices with low power rating. A variety of five-level SVPWM modulation strategiesare proposed for different modulation purposes.
In this dissertation, the so called dual-terminal cascaded five-level inverter istreated as the object of study. The problems, such as the zero-sequence voltagesuppression, nuetral-point potential balance, dead-time compensation, narrow-pulseelimination and so on, existed in the dual-inverter modulation strategy are researched.
Firstly, the topology of dual-terminal cascaded five-level inverter is analyzed and729kinds of synthetic voltage-vector combinations of this inverter as aforementionedare listed. Mathematical models of the dual-inverter topology with common dc-linkstructure and independent dc-link structure are respectively established and the effectsof different switching states on the dc-link capacitor voltage with the two differentdc-link structures aforementioned are researched. According to the characteristics ofthe dual-terminal cascaded topology, the common-mode voltage, which is produced intraditional single-inverter system, is decomposed into zero-sequence voltage andcommon-mode voltage for analysis.
Secondly, according to the fault-tolerant characteristics of the dual-terminalcascaded five-level inverter, the main circuit of fault-tolerant control system isdesigned. When the system fails, the control process and the path of load current areanalyzed in this fault situation. In order to meet the requirements of fault-tolerantcontrol system, a fault-tolerant modulation strategy is proposed. This modulationstrategy, which is based on a three-level simplified algorithm, controls theneutral-point potential by detecting the dc-link capacitor voltages.
In order to solve the problem of zero-sequence circulating current in the commondc-link system, a SVPWM strategy based on zero common-mode voltage vectors isproposed to completely eliminate zero-sequence voltage and common-mode voltagein the system. This strategy is based on the method of line-voltage coordinate. Theselection principle of starting voltage vector depends on the analysis of the effects ofdifferent zero common-mode voltage vectors on the neutral-point potential. Thetheory of optimal space-vector location is adopted to achieve optimal control andreduce the output harmonic content.
For the purpose of simplifying the modulation, a modulation strategy ofeliminating the average common-mode voltage is proposed in this dissertation. Thisstrategy, which combines the simplified algorithm and space-vector decouplingmethod, can extremely simplified the modulation process and shorten the runningtime of program. By changing the effective-time Teffposition within a switching cycle,the average values of common-mode voltage and zero-sequence voltage, which aregenerated in the dual inverter system within half a switching cycle, are zero, makingzero-sequence current suppressed, while achieving the dynamic balancing ofneutral-point potential.
To reduce the switching loss, a modulation strategy, which is based on the abovemethod of eliminating common-mode voltage in the average sense, with the zerocommon-mode voltage vector clamped, is proposed in the dissertation. Under thepremise of adopting the same sampling frequency, employing the operating modewith two inverters alternately clamped is able to reduce switching losses. Theneutral-point potential is balanced by combining using the balancing-factor methodand adopting the working mode of alternately clamping two inverters. In order toavoid the leapfrog-jump phenomenon of pole voltage of the inverter(n→p or p→n),when the inverter is switched between normal state and clamped state, zero vector isselected as the clamped vector when the modulation index m is lower than0.5.
Finally, two solutions of the time compensation and voltage compensation,which are based on the analysis of dead-time effect of the dual-terminal cascadedfive-level inverter, are given to compensate the dead-time effect. A strategy, which isin view of the analysis of the method of narrow-pulse elimination, of taking both thedead-time compensation and narrow-pulse elimination into consideration is proposedin this dissertation.
There are83figures,14tables and165references in this dissertation.
引文
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