情绪唤醒度和效价对决策影响的实验研究
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摘要
近年来,情绪对于人类认知过程的影响日益受到研究者的重视,尤其是情绪对决策的影响备受关注,相继产生了多种情绪与决策的相关理论,延迟折扣任务和概率折扣任务是决策研究的经典任务。本文通过用情绪图片(选自IAPS)诱发情绪的实证研究分别从情绪的唤醒度和效价方面探讨了情绪对两种决策任务的影响。
本研究包括两个实验,安徽师范大学的80名本科生参加了实验。在被试进行决策前,先采用情绪图片诱发相应的情绪,然后要求被试完成决策任务。实验1的决策任务是延迟折扣任务(DDT);实验2的决策任务是概率折扣任务(PDT)。实验结果显示:
(1)情绪唤醒度对决策有显著影响,诱发高唤醒情绪组被试的延迟折扣率和概率折扣率均显著高于诱发低唤醒情绪组被试,高唤醒情绪占用更多的注意资源,影响决策。
(2)情绪效价对决策影响不显著,诱发正效价情绪组被试的延迟折扣率和概率折扣率与诱发负效价情绪组被试之间没有显著性差异,效价的影响淹没在唤醒度中。
(3)在延迟折扣任务中,情绪唤醒度和效价的交互作用不显著;在概率折扣任务中,情绪唤醒度和效价的交互作用显著,诱发负效价高唤醒情绪组被试的概率折扣率是最高的。
本研究表明,高唤醒情绪占用了更多的注意资源,提高了被试的冲动性的,同时降低了被试的冒险性,冲动性和冒险性是两种不同的特性。
In recent years, the researchers pay attention to the effect of the emotion on the human realization process. Many people give attention to the effect of the emotion on decision-making. At the same time more and more theory on emotion and decision-making was produced. Delay discounting task and probability discounting task are important tasks in decision-making research. This paper studied the effects of emotion on the two decision-making task from emotional arousal and valence by emotional pictures chosen from IAPS.
The research consisted of two experiments. About 80 undergraduates come from An Hui normal university took part in the experiment. And both of the experiment procedures were displayed on the computer in a standardized form. Before the students made decision, we induce their emotion through emotional pictures, and then asked the students to complete the task of decision. In the first experiment the decision task is delay discounting task (DDT)and in the second experiment is probability discounting task(PDT).
The results reveal that:
(1)Emotional arousal can apparently influence decision-making. The delay discounting and probability discounting rates of students’who were induced high-arousal emotion are both significantly higher than students’who were induced low-arousal emotion. High-arousal emotion can influence decision-making because it employ more attentive capacity.
(2)Emotional valence have no apparent influence on decision-making. The delay discounting and probability discounting rates of students’who were induced positive valence emotion have no significant differences with students’who were induced negative valence emotion. The influence of valence have been submerged by emotional arousal.
(3) In delay discounting task, there is no significant interaction between emotional arousal and valence. In probability discounting task, there is significant interaction between emotional arousal and valence. The probability discounting rates of students’who induced high arousal and negative valence emotion are the highest.
The research indicate that hign-arousal emotion employ more attentive capacity, thereby increasing impulsivity and decreasing risk-taking. So, Impulsivity and risk-taking are two different characteristics.
本研究包括两个实验,安徽师范大学的80名本科生参加了实验。在被试进行决策前,先采用情绪图片诱发相应的情绪,然后要求被试完成决策任务。实验1的决策任务是延迟折扣任务(DDT);实验2的决策任务是概率折扣任务(PDT)。实验结果显示:
(1)情绪唤醒度对决策有显著影响,诱发高唤醒情绪组被试的延迟折扣率和概率折扣率均显著高于诱发低唤醒情绪组被试,高唤醒情绪占用更多的注意资源,影响决策。
(2)情绪效价对决策影响不显著,诱发正效价情绪组被试的延迟折扣率和概率折扣率与诱发负效价情绪组被试之间没有显著性差异,效价的影响淹没在唤醒度中。
(3)在延迟折扣任务中,情绪唤醒度和效价的交互作用不显著;在概率折扣任务中,情绪唤醒度和效价的交互作用显著,诱发负效价高唤醒情绪组被试的概率折扣率是最高的。
本研究表明,高唤醒情绪占用了更多的注意资源,提高了被试的冲动性的,同时降低了被试的冒险性,冲动性和冒险性是两种不同的特性。
In recent years, the researchers pay attention to the effect of the emotion on the human realization process. Many people give attention to the effect of the emotion on decision-making. At the same time more and more theory on emotion and decision-making was produced. Delay discounting task and probability discounting task are important tasks in decision-making research. This paper studied the effects of emotion on the two decision-making task from emotional arousal and valence by emotional pictures chosen from IAPS.
The research consisted of two experiments. About 80 undergraduates come from An Hui normal university took part in the experiment. And both of the experiment procedures were displayed on the computer in a standardized form. Before the students made decision, we induce their emotion through emotional pictures, and then asked the students to complete the task of decision. In the first experiment the decision task is delay discounting task (DDT)and in the second experiment is probability discounting task(PDT).
The results reveal that:
(1)Emotional arousal can apparently influence decision-making. The delay discounting and probability discounting rates of students’who were induced high-arousal emotion are both significantly higher than students’who were induced low-arousal emotion. High-arousal emotion can influence decision-making because it employ more attentive capacity.
(2)Emotional valence have no apparent influence on decision-making. The delay discounting and probability discounting rates of students’who were induced positive valence emotion have no significant differences with students’who were induced negative valence emotion. The influence of valence have been submerged by emotional arousal.
(3) In delay discounting task, there is no significant interaction between emotional arousal and valence. In probability discounting task, there is significant interaction between emotional arousal and valence. The probability discounting rates of students’who induced high arousal and negative valence emotion are the highest.
The research indicate that hign-arousal emotion employ more attentive capacity, thereby increasing impulsivity and decreasing risk-taking. So, Impulsivity and risk-taking are two different characteristics.
引文
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[20]庄锦英,陈明燕.论消极情绪对决策的影响.沈阳师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005, (5):7-10.
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