北京商务中心区（CBD）发展战略
摘要
商务中心区(Central Business District)的概念产生于19世纪20年代的美国。CBD是大城市中金融、贸易、高级零售、信息等商务活动最集中、交通最便捷、地价最昂贵、建筑密度最高的区域；是大城市经济聚集性的高度表现；是以该城市为圆心经济圈的经济神经中枢；CBD发展的水平，是大城市经济地位、经济凝聚和辐射作用的标志。商务中心区是目前北京乃至国内大城市建设的热点之一，商务中心区的建设和发展，对于提升城市综合功能，调整完善产业布局，创造新的经济增长点，具有极大的促进作用，也是北京市城市发展总体战略的重要环节。
本文从CBD的发展历程入手，探讨了国外CBD发展的经验借鉴，分析和论证了北京CBD的优势和功能定位，详细介绍了北京CBD的规划特点，并重点提出了如何科学实施CBD的发展战略。
第一章阐述了商务中心区的概念。第二章回顾了自1993年提出建设北京商务中心区至今的发展历程。分析了朝阳区和北京市的区位优势，探讨了北京的城市功能和奥运建设带来的机遇。重点论证了北京商务中心区的功能定位问题。第三章介绍了CBD的整体规划和核心区规划内容和特点。第四章主要论述了如何科学实施北京CBD的发展战略。
The concept of Central Business District was brought forward in 1920's in United States. CBD is the most integrated area of finance, trade, high-class retail, information and other business activities in a metropolis, which has the most convenient transportation, the most expensive land price and lots of skyscrapers. It is the business core in the metropolis's economy system. The CBD's development level is a main signal of economy status, gathering and radiating effect of a city. Beijing and other local city focus on the CBD construction in recent years. CBD plays an important role in upgrading the service system, regulating the industrial structure, and creating economy increasing.
The main purpose of this paper is to set up a strategy for Beijing CBD. It begins with the development history of the CBD in the world, describes the experience of some western cities and analyzes the predominance and position of Beijing CBD. The characteristic of the planning of Beijing CBD is also illustrated.
Chapter 1
Central Business District is located in the core area of a city, which includes finance, insurance, trade, and information firms together with hotels, apartments, and business complex facilities. A CBD should have commerce, finance, entertainment, tourism and information service functions. Central Business Index is a famous method in defining the scope of the CBD originated by Raymond E. Murphy and James E. Vance in 1950's.
Chapter 2
The planning of CBD was laid out in 1993 by the Beijing local government. Beijing is not only a political center of China but also an economy center as for its population and economic growth. The rent of class What determines Beijing CBD's future? A reasonable point to consider this question is attracting the multinationals to settle global or local headquarters in CBD and promoting the development of other related service industries.
Chapter 3
According to the CBHI and CBII, we could estimate that Beijing CBD is eligible for the fundamental conditions and has a little higher convergence extent. A significant focus in the total planning is traffic system. The solution for traffic jam depends on the efficient public transportation. Facing to lots of mansion being built up in CBD, it is imperative that subway should go into
construction immediately.
Chapter 4
How to carry into the development strategy scientifically is the key to fulfilling the great project. Firstly, the management system should be coordinated. The CBD planning should be closely attached to Beijing municipal development. It will be beneficial that the government of Beijing make a clear contract for the revenue of land development and invest on infrastructure facilities with Chaoyang District government. Secondly, setting up an efficient city operating system, especially land reservation will accumulate the construction fund. Moreover, we should inspire multi-owned enterprises to participate in operating the public service company. Thirdly, in addition to government investment, other feasible solutions such as corporation bonds and commercial loan should be considered in order to satisfy the demand for fund. The CBD construction and development Co. ltd should be required to go into stock market so that it could obtain more capital and be supervised easily. Fourthly, pay attention to the deep effect of CBD construction to the circumstance and utilize the underground space efficiently. And finally, make the rent level, new construction project, occupation and vacancy rate under better control.
本文从CBD的发展历程入手，探讨了国外CBD发展的经验借鉴，分析和论证了北京CBD的优势和功能定位，详细介绍了北京CBD的规划特点，并重点提出了如何科学实施CBD的发展战略。
第一章阐述了商务中心区的概念。第二章回顾了自1993年提出建设北京商务中心区至今的发展历程。分析了朝阳区和北京市的区位优势，探讨了北京的城市功能和奥运建设带来的机遇。重点论证了北京商务中心区的功能定位问题。第三章介绍了CBD的整体规划和核心区规划内容和特点。第四章主要论述了如何科学实施北京CBD的发展战略。
The concept of Central Business District was brought forward in 1920's in United States. CBD is the most integrated area of finance, trade, high-class retail, information and other business activities in a metropolis, which has the most convenient transportation, the most expensive land price and lots of skyscrapers. It is the business core in the metropolis's economy system. The CBD's development level is a main signal of economy status, gathering and radiating effect of a city. Beijing and other local city focus on the CBD construction in recent years. CBD plays an important role in upgrading the service system, regulating the industrial structure, and creating economy increasing.
The main purpose of this paper is to set up a strategy for Beijing CBD. It begins with the development history of the CBD in the world, describes the experience of some western cities and analyzes the predominance and position of Beijing CBD. The characteristic of the planning of Beijing CBD is also illustrated.
Chapter 1
Central Business District is located in the core area of a city, which includes finance, insurance, trade, and information firms together with hotels, apartments, and business complex facilities. A CBD should have commerce, finance, entertainment, tourism and information service functions. Central Business Index is a famous method in defining the scope of the CBD originated by Raymond E. Murphy and James E. Vance in 1950's.
Chapter 2
The planning of CBD was laid out in 1993 by the Beijing local government. Beijing is not only a political center of China but also an economy center as for its population and economic growth. The rent of class What determines Beijing CBD's future? A reasonable point to consider this question is attracting the multinationals to settle global or local headquarters in CBD and promoting the development of other related service industries.
Chapter 3
According to the CBHI and CBII, we could estimate that Beijing CBD is eligible for the fundamental conditions and has a little higher convergence extent. A significant focus in the total planning is traffic system. The solution for traffic jam depends on the efficient public transportation. Facing to lots of mansion being built up in CBD, it is imperative that subway should go into
construction immediately.
Chapter 4
How to carry into the development strategy scientifically is the key to fulfilling the great project. Firstly, the management system should be coordinated. The CBD planning should be closely attached to Beijing municipal development. It will be beneficial that the government of Beijing make a clear contract for the revenue of land development and invest on infrastructure facilities with Chaoyang District government. Secondly, setting up an efficient city operating system, especially land reservation will accumulate the construction fund. Moreover, we should inspire multi-owned enterprises to participate in operating the public service company. Thirdly, in addition to government investment, other feasible solutions such as corporation bonds and commercial loan should be considered in order to satisfy the demand for fund. The CBD construction and development Co. ltd should be required to go into stock market so that it could obtain more capital and be supervised easily. Fourthly, pay attention to the deep effect of CBD construction to the circumstance and utilize the underground space efficiently. And finally, make the rent level, new construction project, occupation and vacancy rate under better control.
引文
1、郝寿义 安虎森 《区域经济学》经济科学出版社 1999.11
2、谭术魁 《中国城市土地市场化经营研究》 中国经济出版社 2001.12
3、郭鸿懋 江曼琦等著 《城市空间经济学》2002.2
4、樊绯 20世纪城市发展与CBD功能的演变 《城市发展研究》2000.4
5、朱才滨 林坚 现代城市中心区功能特征与启示 《城市发展研究》2000.4
6、楚义芳 CBD与城市发展 《城市规划》1992.3
7、弗雷德·布朗 世界主要中央商务区的交通规划 "中外CBD发展论坛" 2002.9
8、岳颂东 对北京发展CBD的思考 《中国经济导报》2002.9.24
9、K. A. Roberston Downtown Redevelopment Strategies in the United States: An End of the Century Assessment. Journal of the American Planning Associaton, Vol.61, No.4, Autumn 1995
10、乔继明编译 拉·德方斯区规划简介 《国外城市规划》1992.3
11、倪鹏飞著 《中国城市竞争力理论研究与实证分析》 中国经济出版社2001.6
12、萧心力 国外私募基金发展概况 中国证券报 2001.11.8
13、Class A Office Markets Ranked by total Occupancy Cost CB Richard Ellis Global Research & Consulting
14、过秀成等 组团式结构城市的轨道线网合理规模 《城市发展研究》2001.2
15、William H. Whyte. City: Rediscovering the Center[M]. Doubleday, New York, 1998.
16、鲍世行主编 《城市规划新概念新方法》 商务印书馆1993.1
17、赵民 陶小马 编著 《城市发展和城市规划的经济学原理》 高等教育出版社2001.8
18、刘慧勇等著 《如何让"钱"路畅通：纵谈城市建设投融资》 中国城市出版社2002.1
19、陈东琪 CBD对城市经济发展的战略影响 “中外CBD发展论坛” 2002.9
20、魏后凯 中国大城市交通问题及其发展政策 《城市发展研究》2001.2
21、原欢祥 王兴中 当代西方国家CBD的演变规律 《世界地理研究》2000
22、里斯 特劳特 《定位》 中国财政经济出版社2002.1
23、 许学强 《城市地理学》高等教育出版社 1997.7
2、谭术魁 《中国城市土地市场化经营研究》 中国经济出版社 2001.12
3、郭鸿懋 江曼琦等著 《城市空间经济学》2002.2
4、樊绯 20世纪城市发展与CBD功能的演变 《城市发展研究》2000.4
5、朱才滨 林坚 现代城市中心区功能特征与启示 《城市发展研究》2000.4
6、楚义芳 CBD与城市发展 《城市规划》1992.3
7、弗雷德·布朗 世界主要中央商务区的交通规划 "中外CBD发展论坛" 2002.9
8、岳颂东 对北京发展CBD的思考 《中国经济导报》2002.9.24
9、K. A. Roberston Downtown Redevelopment Strategies in the United States: An End of the Century Assessment. Journal of the American Planning Associaton, Vol.61, No.4, Autumn 1995
10、乔继明编译 拉·德方斯区规划简介 《国外城市规划》1992.3
11、倪鹏飞著 《中国城市竞争力理论研究与实证分析》 中国经济出版社2001.6
12、萧心力 国外私募基金发展概况 中国证券报 2001.11.8
13、Class A Office Markets Ranked by total Occupancy Cost CB Richard Ellis Global Research & Consulting
14、过秀成等 组团式结构城市的轨道线网合理规模 《城市发展研究》2001.2
15、William H. Whyte. City: Rediscovering the Center[M]. Doubleday, New York, 1998.
16、鲍世行主编 《城市规划新概念新方法》 商务印书馆1993.1
17、赵民 陶小马 编著 《城市发展和城市规划的经济学原理》 高等教育出版社2001.8
18、刘慧勇等著 《如何让"钱"路畅通：纵谈城市建设投融资》 中国城市出版社2002.1
19、陈东琪 CBD对城市经济发展的战略影响 “中外CBD发展论坛” 2002.9
20、魏后凯 中国大城市交通问题及其发展政策 《城市发展研究》2001.2
21、原欢祥 王兴中 当代西方国家CBD的演变规律 《世界地理研究》2000
22、里斯 特劳特 《定位》 中国财政经济出版社2002.1
23、 许学强 《城市地理学》高等教育出版社 1997.7