基于GIS的城市商业中心优化布局研究
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摘要
城市商业中心的优化布局是城市规划的重要组成部分，在我国城市规划
中，这一直是一个薄弱环节，还以定性分析为主，其深度远远不能满足城市建设的需要。因此，完全有必要进行科学探索和深入研究，本文尝试采用GIS量化手段研究城市商业中心的优化布局。城市商业中心布局的合理化，不仅对城市经济的发展、流通资源的合理配置、居民消费需求的满足发挥重要作用，而且对周边中小城镇商业布局的形成起示范和引导作用。
本文首先研究了克里斯泰勒的中心地理论在城市商业中心布局中的应
用。以北京、上海等城市为例，分析中心地理论与城市商业中心布局之间的关系，证实其在商业中心布局研究中具有一定的价值和适用性。
其次，本文详细分析了乌鲁木齐市商业中心布局现状，根据调查到的商业网点分布情况、经营项目、年营业额、营业总面积与从业人数等建立了乌鲁木齐市商业中心等级体系，确定商业中心级别。分析发现乌鲁木齐市商业中心体系为单核心结构，不利于城市发展，有必要在北部形成新的商业中心，带动城市经济发展。另外，现有商业中心体系不合理，市级商业中心和区级商业中心分布不均衡，小区级商业中心数量偏少，不能满足城市发展的需要和居民日益增长的物质需求。在现状分析的基础上，本文运用网格多因素综合分值法进行了乌鲁木齐市商业中心优化布局研究。采用标准网格法划分出192852个评价单元，避免了人为划分单元造成的主观性，也适宜于用微机进行数据、图件处理。影响商业中心空间布局的因素很多，本研究抽取了比较重要的几个方面进行分析，其中包括人口分布密度、道路通达度、公交便捷度、商服繁华度、医院辐射度、学校辐射度、基础设施完善度和地形坡度等因素指标，并用特尔斐法和因素成对比较法确定各因子的权重，然后结合乌鲁木齐市土地利用现状图、交通线路图、商业中心现状图和人口分布图，运用定量化手段即GIS的空间
分析方法建立综合数据库，并利用VF数据库软件，以距离衰减原理为理论基础，计算各单元总分值，得到商业中心优化布局图。 最后，在定量分析的基础上，依据乌鲁木齐市2000年城市总体规划中的城市用地远景规划，结合定性分析，提出乌鲁木齐市商业中心布局方案及商业中心等级体系，以使此方案更加科学化、合理化，并具有长期指导作用。
The layout optimization of commercial center is an important component of urban planning. In our country, it is a weak segment and still of qualitative analysis. There is no case of quantitative disquisition on it using CIS technology. So the research on the layout of commercial center can' t meet the need of construction of the city. Therefore it is necessary to make a further study on it. The layout optimization of commercial center does not only plays an important role in the development of the city economy, the configuration of rational resources and the satisfaction of citizen' s consumption, but also act as a model and instruct small towns around the city to develop an optimized commercial center.
Firstly, the paper researches the application of Central Place Theory and Modern Urban Planning Theory in city commercial center layout optimization. Take several examples, such as Beijing, Shanghai, shows that Central Place Theory is useful to research on layout optimization of city commercial center.
Secondly, on the base of investigation, the research analyzes the spatial layout of commercial center in Urumqi, the actor and development trade. With the current conditions of traffics, geographic locality, status of commercial center system, distribution of population and other factors, the research works out city commercial center Grade system in Urumqi and finds the Grade system is not very suitable.
Based on the analysis of current condition, the paper make a research
on the spatial layout of city commercial center, relative factors and trend of commercial center of Urumqi using the GIS technique, relative theory and method of qualitative analysis. It probes into a method of optimized layout of city commercial center and brings forward an strategy of the development of Urumqi commercial center. Using a qualitative and quantitative method, the research put forward not only a rational but a scientific layout of business center.
With the method of Grid and multiple element, the thesis disserts the optimized layout of Urumqi commercial center. Firstly, using the method of grid, it puts Urumqi into 192,852 units to assess, avoiding the subjectivity of partition by man. The method is fit for computer to process data and images.
Finally, on the base of quantitative analysis, the paper works on qualitative analysis of commercial center layout optimization. The outside and inside factors are constantly changing. The decision and programming should lies in scientific prediction, and this is dynamic analysis. The dynamic analysis is completed on the base of 20-year city planning of Urumqi.
中，这一直是一个薄弱环节，还以定性分析为主，其深度远远不能满足城市建设的需要。因此，完全有必要进行科学探索和深入研究，本文尝试采用GIS量化手段研究城市商业中心的优化布局。城市商业中心布局的合理化，不仅对城市经济的发展、流通资源的合理配置、居民消费需求的满足发挥重要作用，而且对周边中小城镇商业布局的形成起示范和引导作用。
本文首先研究了克里斯泰勒的中心地理论在城市商业中心布局中的应
用。以北京、上海等城市为例，分析中心地理论与城市商业中心布局之间的关系，证实其在商业中心布局研究中具有一定的价值和适用性。
其次，本文详细分析了乌鲁木齐市商业中心布局现状，根据调查到的商业网点分布情况、经营项目、年营业额、营业总面积与从业人数等建立了乌鲁木齐市商业中心等级体系，确定商业中心级别。分析发现乌鲁木齐市商业中心体系为单核心结构，不利于城市发展，有必要在北部形成新的商业中心，带动城市经济发展。另外，现有商业中心体系不合理，市级商业中心和区级商业中心分布不均衡，小区级商业中心数量偏少，不能满足城市发展的需要和居民日益增长的物质需求。在现状分析的基础上，本文运用网格多因素综合分值法进行了乌鲁木齐市商业中心优化布局研究。采用标准网格法划分出192852个评价单元，避免了人为划分单元造成的主观性，也适宜于用微机进行数据、图件处理。影响商业中心空间布局的因素很多，本研究抽取了比较重要的几个方面进行分析，其中包括人口分布密度、道路通达度、公交便捷度、商服繁华度、医院辐射度、学校辐射度、基础设施完善度和地形坡度等因素指标，并用特尔斐法和因素成对比较法确定各因子的权重，然后结合乌鲁木齐市土地利用现状图、交通线路图、商业中心现状图和人口分布图，运用定量化手段即GIS的空间
分析方法建立综合数据库，并利用VF数据库软件，以距离衰减原理为理论基础，计算各单元总分值，得到商业中心优化布局图。 最后，在定量分析的基础上，依据乌鲁木齐市2000年城市总体规划中的城市用地远景规划，结合定性分析，提出乌鲁木齐市商业中心布局方案及商业中心等级体系，以使此方案更加科学化、合理化，并具有长期指导作用。
The layout optimization of commercial center is an important component of urban planning. In our country, it is a weak segment and still of qualitative analysis. There is no case of quantitative disquisition on it using CIS technology. So the research on the layout of commercial center can' t meet the need of construction of the city. Therefore it is necessary to make a further study on it. The layout optimization of commercial center does not only plays an important role in the development of the city economy, the configuration of rational resources and the satisfaction of citizen' s consumption, but also act as a model and instruct small towns around the city to develop an optimized commercial center.
Firstly, the paper researches the application of Central Place Theory and Modern Urban Planning Theory in city commercial center layout optimization. Take several examples, such as Beijing, Shanghai, shows that Central Place Theory is useful to research on layout optimization of city commercial center.
Secondly, on the base of investigation, the research analyzes the spatial layout of commercial center in Urumqi, the actor and development trade. With the current conditions of traffics, geographic locality, status of commercial center system, distribution of population and other factors, the research works out city commercial center Grade system in Urumqi and finds the Grade system is not very suitable.
Based on the analysis of current condition, the paper make a research
on the spatial layout of city commercial center, relative factors and trend of commercial center of Urumqi using the GIS technique, relative theory and method of qualitative analysis. It probes into a method of optimized layout of city commercial center and brings forward an strategy of the development of Urumqi commercial center. Using a qualitative and quantitative method, the research put forward not only a rational but a scientific layout of business center.
With the method of Grid and multiple element, the thesis disserts the optimized layout of Urumqi commercial center. Firstly, using the method of grid, it puts Urumqi into 192,852 units to assess, avoiding the subjectivity of partition by man. The method is fit for computer to process data and images.
Finally, on the base of quantitative analysis, the paper works on qualitative analysis of commercial center layout optimization. The outside and inside factors are constantly changing. The decision and programming should lies in scientific prediction, and this is dynamic analysis. The dynamic analysis is completed on the base of 20-year city planning of Urumqi.
引文
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