供应链企业绩效评价及激励机制研究
|
摘要
供应链是由多个节点企业通过一定的方式组成的联盟，供应链上各节点企业的表现如何和贡献大小都对供应链运行绩效产生影响。因此，本文对供应链企业的绩效评价和激励机制进行了较深入的研究。
供应链管理提出的时间虽不长，但它却引起人们的广泛关注，许多研究机构，高等学校和工商企业对此进行了大量的研究和实践，供应链管理方面已取得较多研究成果。但是，对供应链企业的绩效评价及激励机制的研究却较少涉及。
本文在对供应链的结构模式进行详细归纳分析的基础上，确定了供应链的网络(层次)结构模型，以模型为基础，对供应链企业的绩效评价指标和方法进行了广泛的探讨，设计了一套适合于供应链管理环境，具有一定可操作性的供应链企业绩效评价方法。同时，根据绩效评价指标设计了一套激励供应链及节点企业的激励机制。
在供应链企业绩效评价和激励机制中，重点关注供应链整体绩效评价的实时性和可实现性及供应链节点企业之间关系的绩效评价指标的设计。如信任度指标和满意度指标等。在激励机制中充分结合所设计的绩效评价指标，结合现实中可能存在的供应链类型，设计了信任激励、信息共享激励、商誉激励、淘汰激励等一系列激励方法。
最后，本文对供应链企业绩效评价和激励机制的结合进行了有益的探索，设计了供应链协议和供应链问卷两个结合模式，为供应链的管理研究与应用实践奠定了基础和提供参考。
Supply chain is an alliance of multiple node enterprises united in a certain form. The performance and contribution of each node can mean influence on the whole. In this light, the paper deepens the research on the Performance Evaluation (PE) and Encouraging Mechanism (EM) for the node enterprises.
It's not long though since the supply chain management was put forward, wide attention has been attracted. Many research institutes, universities and enterprises have been engaged in concerning study and practice, and have brought fruitful outcome. But seldom has any research on PE and EM.
With this background, the paper firstly analyzes the current supply chain modes and generalizes the network structure model; then on that basis, the paper discusses broadly the indices and the methods that might be used in evaluating Supply-chain-enterprises' performance; after that, a set of feasible PE and accordingly a series of EM methods are designed. As for the PE system, the main concern of this paper is its concurrent ness,
practicability, and comprehensiveness. To achieve this goal, the paper puts forward some new indices, such as the index of trust and satisfaction. As for the EM, after fully considering the existing Supply-chain modes, the paper comes up with a series of alternative methods closely based on the PE result, such as mutual-trust encouragement, information-share encouragement,
commodity-credit encouragement, wash-out encouragement and so on.
In the end, the paper further explores the relationship between PE and EM, and raises 2 combination modes-Supply chain agreement and Supply chain questionnaire-which lay a strong foundation for further research and application of SCM in management reform.
供应链管理提出的时间虽不长，但它却引起人们的广泛关注，许多研究机构，高等学校和工商企业对此进行了大量的研究和实践，供应链管理方面已取得较多研究成果。但是，对供应链企业的绩效评价及激励机制的研究却较少涉及。
本文在对供应链的结构模式进行详细归纳分析的基础上，确定了供应链的网络(层次)结构模型，以模型为基础，对供应链企业的绩效评价指标和方法进行了广泛的探讨，设计了一套适合于供应链管理环境，具有一定可操作性的供应链企业绩效评价方法。同时，根据绩效评价指标设计了一套激励供应链及节点企业的激励机制。
在供应链企业绩效评价和激励机制中，重点关注供应链整体绩效评价的实时性和可实现性及供应链节点企业之间关系的绩效评价指标的设计。如信任度指标和满意度指标等。在激励机制中充分结合所设计的绩效评价指标，结合现实中可能存在的供应链类型，设计了信任激励、信息共享激励、商誉激励、淘汰激励等一系列激励方法。
最后，本文对供应链企业绩效评价和激励机制的结合进行了有益的探索，设计了供应链协议和供应链问卷两个结合模式，为供应链的管理研究与应用实践奠定了基础和提供参考。
Supply chain is an alliance of multiple node enterprises united in a certain form. The performance and contribution of each node can mean influence on the whole. In this light, the paper deepens the research on the Performance Evaluation (PE) and Encouraging Mechanism (EM) for the node enterprises.
It's not long though since the supply chain management was put forward, wide attention has been attracted. Many research institutes, universities and enterprises have been engaged in concerning study and practice, and have brought fruitful outcome. But seldom has any research on PE and EM.
With this background, the paper firstly analyzes the current supply chain modes and generalizes the network structure model; then on that basis, the paper discusses broadly the indices and the methods that might be used in evaluating Supply-chain-enterprises' performance; after that, a set of feasible PE and accordingly a series of EM methods are designed. As for the PE system, the main concern of this paper is its concurrent ness,
practicability, and comprehensiveness. To achieve this goal, the paper puts forward some new indices, such as the index of trust and satisfaction. As for the EM, after fully considering the existing Supply-chain modes, the paper comes up with a series of alternative methods closely based on the PE result, such as mutual-trust encouragement, information-share encouragement,
commodity-credit encouragement, wash-out encouragement and so on.
In the end, the paper further explores the relationship between PE and EM, and raises 2 combination modes-Supply chain agreement and Supply chain questionnaire-which lay a strong foundation for further research and application of SCM in management reform.
引文
[1] 马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．机械工业出版社，2000．
[2] 乔恩．休斯，马克．拉尔夫，比尔．米切尔斯．孟韬，张丽萍(译)．供应链再造．东北财经大学出版社，1999．
[3] 马新安，张列平，冯芸．供应链合作伙伴关系及合作伙伴选择．工业工程与管理，2000(4)．
[4] 许淑君，马士华．供应链企业间的信任机制研究．工业工程与管理，2000(6)：5-8．
[5] 马新安，张列平，田澎．供应链管理中的契约设计．工业工程与管理，2001(3)：33-36．
[6] 张翠华，黄小原．三级供应链管理的一般问题及其改进．工业工程与管理，2001(1)：35-39．
[7] 汪云峰，马士华．供应链企业的获利分析与决策．管理工程学报，2001(1)：5-7．
[8] 张青．基于“发展”导向的企业绩效评价研究．中国管理科学，2001(2)：58-64．
[9] 马新安，张列平，田澎．供应链中的信息共享激励：动态模型．中国管理科学，2001(1)：19-23．
[10] 邵晓峰，黄培清，季建华．供应链中供需双方合作批量模型的研究．管理工程学报，2001(2)54-56．
[11] 陈志祥，马士华，陈荣秋．敏捷化供应链系统的分析、设计与重构．管理工程学报，2001(1)1-4．
[12] 陈志祥，马士华，陈荣秋．供应链环境下企业合作对策与委托-代理机制初探．管理工程学报，2001(1)75-76．
[13] 钱碧波，潘晓弘，程耀东．敏捷虚拟企业合作伙伴选择评价体系研究．中国机械工程，2000(11)44-47．
[14] 钱碧波，潘晓弘，程耀东．基于MFI的敏捷虚拟企业组织的分形层次控制结构研究．机械工业自动化，2000(22)3-7．
[15] 刘敏，潘晓弘，程耀东，钱碧波．制造动态联盟公司构造模式综述．机械制造，1998(20)5-8．
[16] 陈禹．信息经济学．清华大学出版社，1998．
[17] 任守榘等．现代制造系统分析与设计．科学出版社，1999．
[18] 吴玉瑞，马士华．现代生产管理学．华中理工大学出版社，1994．
[19] 张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学．三联出版社，1996．
[20] 何维达．企业委托代理制的比较分析——制衡机制与效率．中国财政经济出版社，1999．
[21] 杜纲等．企业核心能力诊断分析模型．数量经济技术经济研究，1999(8)22-25．
[22] 李东红．企业核心能力评述．经济学动态，1999(1)37-40．
[23] Selnes F. Antecedents and Consequences of Trust and Satisfaction in Buyer-seller Relationships. European Journal of Marketing, 1995,32(3/4).
[24] Burchell B, Wilkinson F. Trust,Business Relationships and the Contractual Environment. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 1997, (3): 176-179.
[25] Morgan RM,Hunt S D. The commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 1997,(58): 64-70.
[26] Bruce Kogut, Nalin.Kulatilaka. Operating Flexibility, Global Manufacturing and the Option Value of A Multinational Network. Management Science,1994,No.1: 35-40.
[27] Jing-Sheng Song. The Effect of Lead time Uncertainty in a Simple stochastic Inventery Model. Management Science,1994,No.5: 22-28.
[28] Marshall L. Fisher. What is the Right Supply Chain for your Product?. Harvard Business Review. 1997,(3-4)28-31.
[29] Amos J.W, Gibson DV. An Exploratory Model of Agility:Key facilitators and Performance Metrics. 4th Annual Agility Forum Conf. Proc,Atlanta,1995.
[30] Interdependence and controversy in Group Decision Making: Antecedents to Effective Self-managing Teams.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process,1998,14(1).
[31] Harland C. Supply Chain Operation Performance Roles. Integrated Manafacturing Systems, 1997,8(2).
[32] Zenger T R.Explaining Organizational Diseconomies of Scale in Rand D:Agency Problem and the Allocation of Engineering Talent,Ideas,and Effort by Firm Size.Management Science, 1994,(6): 17-20.
[33] Colin Finn,David Flood. Collaboration at Alliedsignal: Manufacturing Groupware and its Benefits to the Supply Chain.In:Gregory Schlegel, 1997 International Conference Proceedings,Washtion D.C:APICS, 1997.
[34] Willbur I Smith. Managing the Supply Chain: A Value-Based Approach.In:Gregory Schlegel. 1997 International Conference Proceedings. Washtionton D.C:APICS, 1997:200-204.
[35] Lee H, Whang. Decentralized Multi-Echelon Supply Cuains:Incentives and Information.Management Science, 1999,45(5).
[36] Hammer M,Champy J. Reengineering the Corporation.London:Nicholas Brearley Pubbishing, 1993.
[37] Dyer J H. How Chrysler Created an American Keiretsu?Harvard Business Review, 1996, (July-Aug):42-45.
[38] Leavy B.Tow Strategic Perspectives on the Buyer-supplier Relationship.Production and Inventory Management Journal, 1994,(35):47-51.
[39] Lyons T F, Koachenbery A R, Henke J W Jr.Mixed Motive Marriages,What is Next for Buyer-supplier Relation? Sloan Management Review, 1990 (31):26-36.
[40] Landeros R, Reck R, Plank R E. Maintaining Buyer-supplier Partnership. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Managemeng, 1995(31):3-31.
[41] Weber C A,Current J R, Benton W C. Vendor Selection Criteria and Methods.Europen Journal of Operational Research, 1991,(50):2-18.
[42] Dicksen G W. An Analysis of Vendor Selection Systems and Decision. Journal of Purchasing, 1966,(2):5-17.
[43] 孙成志．组织行为学．东北财经大学出版社，1999．
[44] 罗伯特 巴克沃．陈舟平(译)．绩效管理．中国标准化出版社，科文(香港)出版社有限公司，2000．
[2] 乔恩．休斯，马克．拉尔夫，比尔．米切尔斯．孟韬，张丽萍(译)．供应链再造．东北财经大学出版社，1999．
[3] 马新安，张列平，冯芸．供应链合作伙伴关系及合作伙伴选择．工业工程与管理，2000(4)．
[4] 许淑君，马士华．供应链企业间的信任机制研究．工业工程与管理，2000(6)：5-8．
[5] 马新安，张列平，田澎．供应链管理中的契约设计．工业工程与管理，2001(3)：33-36．
[6] 张翠华，黄小原．三级供应链管理的一般问题及其改进．工业工程与管理，2001(1)：35-39．
[7] 汪云峰，马士华．供应链企业的获利分析与决策．管理工程学报，2001(1)：5-7．
[8] 张青．基于“发展”导向的企业绩效评价研究．中国管理科学，2001(2)：58-64．
[9] 马新安，张列平，田澎．供应链中的信息共享激励：动态模型．中国管理科学，2001(1)：19-23．
[10] 邵晓峰，黄培清，季建华．供应链中供需双方合作批量模型的研究．管理工程学报，2001(2)54-56．
[11] 陈志祥，马士华，陈荣秋．敏捷化供应链系统的分析、设计与重构．管理工程学报，2001(1)1-4．
[12] 陈志祥，马士华，陈荣秋．供应链环境下企业合作对策与委托-代理机制初探．管理工程学报，2001(1)75-76．
[13] 钱碧波，潘晓弘，程耀东．敏捷虚拟企业合作伙伴选择评价体系研究．中国机械工程，2000(11)44-47．
[14] 钱碧波，潘晓弘，程耀东．基于MFI的敏捷虚拟企业组织的分形层次控制结构研究．机械工业自动化，2000(22)3-7．
[15] 刘敏，潘晓弘，程耀东，钱碧波．制造动态联盟公司构造模式综述．机械制造，1998(20)5-8．
[16] 陈禹．信息经济学．清华大学出版社，1998．
[17] 任守榘等．现代制造系统分析与设计．科学出版社，1999．
[18] 吴玉瑞，马士华．现代生产管理学．华中理工大学出版社，1994．
[19] 张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学．三联出版社，1996．
[20] 何维达．企业委托代理制的比较分析——制衡机制与效率．中国财政经济出版社，1999．
[21] 杜纲等．企业核心能力诊断分析模型．数量经济技术经济研究，1999(8)22-25．
[22] 李东红．企业核心能力评述．经济学动态，1999(1)37-40．
[23] Selnes F. Antecedents and Consequences of Trust and Satisfaction in Buyer-seller Relationships. European Journal of Marketing, 1995,32(3/4).
[24] Burchell B, Wilkinson F. Trust,Business Relationships and the Contractual Environment. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 1997, (3): 176-179.
[25] Morgan RM,Hunt S D. The commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 1997,(58): 64-70.
[26] Bruce Kogut, Nalin.Kulatilaka. Operating Flexibility, Global Manufacturing and the Option Value of A Multinational Network. Management Science,1994,No.1: 35-40.
[27] Jing-Sheng Song. The Effect of Lead time Uncertainty in a Simple stochastic Inventery Model. Management Science,1994,No.5: 22-28.
[28] Marshall L. Fisher. What is the Right Supply Chain for your Product?. Harvard Business Review. 1997,(3-4)28-31.
[29] Amos J.W, Gibson DV. An Exploratory Model of Agility:Key facilitators and Performance Metrics. 4th Annual Agility Forum Conf. Proc,Atlanta,1995.
[30] Interdependence and controversy in Group Decision Making: Antecedents to Effective Self-managing Teams.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process,1998,14(1).
[31] Harland C. Supply Chain Operation Performance Roles. Integrated Manafacturing Systems, 1997,8(2).
[32] Zenger T R.Explaining Organizational Diseconomies of Scale in Rand D:Agency Problem and the Allocation of Engineering Talent,Ideas,and Effort by Firm Size.Management Science, 1994,(6): 17-20.
[33] Colin Finn,David Flood. Collaboration at Alliedsignal: Manufacturing Groupware and its Benefits to the Supply Chain.In:Gregory Schlegel, 1997 International Conference Proceedings,Washtion D.C:APICS, 1997.
[34] Willbur I Smith. Managing the Supply Chain: A Value-Based Approach.In:Gregory Schlegel. 1997 International Conference Proceedings. Washtionton D.C:APICS, 1997:200-204.
[35] Lee H, Whang. Decentralized Multi-Echelon Supply Cuains:Incentives and Information.Management Science, 1999,45(5).
[36] Hammer M,Champy J. Reengineering the Corporation.London:Nicholas Brearley Pubbishing, 1993.
[37] Dyer J H. How Chrysler Created an American Keiretsu?Harvard Business Review, 1996, (July-Aug):42-45.
[38] Leavy B.Tow Strategic Perspectives on the Buyer-supplier Relationship.Production and Inventory Management Journal, 1994,(35):47-51.
[39] Lyons T F, Koachenbery A R, Henke J W Jr.Mixed Motive Marriages,What is Next for Buyer-supplier Relation? Sloan Management Review, 1990 (31):26-36.
[40] Landeros R, Reck R, Plank R E. Maintaining Buyer-supplier Partnership. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Managemeng, 1995(31):3-31.
[41] Weber C A,Current J R, Benton W C. Vendor Selection Criteria and Methods.Europen Journal of Operational Research, 1991,(50):2-18.
[42] Dicksen G W. An Analysis of Vendor Selection Systems and Decision. Journal of Purchasing, 1966,(2):5-17.
[43] 孙成志．组织行为学．东北财经大学出版社，1999．
[44] 罗伯特 巴克沃．陈舟平(译)．绩效管理．中国标准化出版社，科文(香港)出版社有限公司，2000．