铁屑微电解法预处理工业废水的研究
|
摘要
随着工业生产的不断发展，工业废水排放量逐渐增加，各种工业废水已成为影响生态环境的主要污染源。不同的废水，污染物组成不同，处理方法和程度也不相同。铁屑微电解法处理工业废水是一种“以废治废”的实用处理工艺。现已用于印染、石油化工、电镀、印刷电路板等工业废水和含砷废水的处理。本文对铁屑微电解法预处理酿酒厂、炼钒厂和电解锰厂等三种工业废水进行了研究。第一部分是酿酒废水的处理。酿酒废水是高浓度有机废水，COD_(cr)值可达1.5×10~4mg/L，颜色呈黑色，pH值为5—6，主要污染物为糖类、醇类、维生素和单宁酸等。第二部分是V_2O_5生产废水的处理。吉首地区生产V_2O_5均以石煤矿为原料，采用空白焙烧法生产。在生产过程中将产生大量的酸性含矾(V~(5+))废水，主要污染物为V~(5+)和Cd~(2+)，由于高价钒和镉的毒性而严重污染环境。第三部分是电解锰在矿物预处理、浸取、电解液的配制和极板的冲洗等过程中产生的废水。这种废水Cr~(6+)和Mn~(2+)严重超标。炼钒和电解锰生产废水多采用离子交换法或化学沉淀法处理。离子交换法生产投资大，化学沉淀法运行费用高，去除率低。本文采用铁屑微电解法，使有机或无机污染物通过电化学反应而降解。同时，结合其它处理方法，使污染物被去除。其中酿酒、电解锰废水现正投入生产运行。结果表明，处理效果良好，COD_(cr)去除率可达98％。本法采用机械加工产生的废铁屑为原料，具有“以废治废”的特点，是一套容易管理，适用范围广，去除率高，处理成本低的废水处理工艺，有很高的推广应用价值。
As the industrial production ever-developing that industrial wastewater ever-increasing, the all kinds of the industrial wastewater have already been becoming main pollution source that effect ecology environment. Because component of the pollution in the wastewater are not same, the method and extent of the treatment are not same. The iron chipping microelectrolysis processing industrial wastewater is a kind of the application technology of the "using waste treat waste". It has already been used treatment of the wastewater of the dyeing petroleum chemical industry electroplating printing electric circuit plate produce and contain arsenic etc.. This article for three parts on treatment brewing> electrolytic mangan and contain vanadium wastewater were studied. In the first past is treatment of the brewing wastewater. It is a kind of the high concentration of the organics wastewater, the value of CODcr is about 1.5xl04mg/L.The color is black. The main pollution are saccharid alcohol vitamin and tannic acid, pH
=4-5. In the second past is wastewater of the ViOs production. Jishou zone produce "V^Os to use bone coal mineral as material, which was produced by blank calcinations process. A lot of the acid contain vanadium wastewater was produced in the course of the production. The main pollution were V5+ and Cd2+. As V5+ and Cd2+ high toxin that environment was pollution serious. In the third past is wastewater that was produced in electrolytic mangan course as pretreatment of the mineraL confect of the electrolytic solution and washing of the polar plate etc.. As Cr6^" and Mn2+ serious exceed standard that environment pollution. A lot of reference literature were proved, brewing and abattoir wastewater were processed with the method of the biochemistry now. This kind of the method manage difficult, cost is expensive. Semlt vanadium and electrolytic mangan plant wastewater use ion-exchange and chemistry precipitation methods treatment, the production investment of ion-exchange method was larger and running cost of th
e chemistry precipitation method was higher and purgation ratio was lower. The orgnics and inorganics pollution were decomposed through electrochemistry reaction with the iron chipping microelectrolysis treatment these wastewater hi the article. As the same time, other treatment method are combined, thereby make pollution were purged. Now brewind and electrolytic mangan wastewater are running in the plate production. The results shown that the method treatment effect was higher, the purgation ratio of CODcr was about 98%. As the waste iron chipping of the machining was used as the material which has character of the "using waste treat waste" , is a kind of the treatment technology of the easy management, using range wide purgation ratio
high and treatment cost low, so there is more high than in application worth.
As the industrial production ever-developing that industrial wastewater ever-increasing, the all kinds of the industrial wastewater have already been becoming main pollution source that effect ecology environment. Because component of the pollution in the wastewater are not same, the method and extent of the treatment are not same. The iron chipping microelectrolysis processing industrial wastewater is a kind of the application technology of the "using waste treat waste". It has already been used treatment of the wastewater of the dyeing petroleum chemical industry electroplating printing electric circuit plate produce and contain arsenic etc.. This article for three parts on treatment brewing> electrolytic mangan and contain vanadium wastewater were studied. In the first past is treatment of the brewing wastewater. It is a kind of the high concentration of the organics wastewater, the value of CODcr is about 1.5xl04mg/L.The color is black. The main pollution are saccharid alcohol vitamin and tannic acid, pH
=4-5. In the second past is wastewater of the ViOs production. Jishou zone produce "V^Os to use bone coal mineral as material, which was produced by blank calcinations process. A lot of the acid contain vanadium wastewater was produced in the course of the production. The main pollution were V5+ and Cd2+. As V5+ and Cd2+ high toxin that environment was pollution serious. In the third past is wastewater that was produced in electrolytic mangan course as pretreatment of the mineraL confect of the electrolytic solution and washing of the polar plate etc.. As Cr6^" and Mn2+ serious exceed standard that environment pollution. A lot of reference literature were proved, brewing and abattoir wastewater were processed with the method of the biochemistry now. This kind of the method manage difficult, cost is expensive. Semlt vanadium and electrolytic mangan plant wastewater use ion-exchange and chemistry precipitation methods treatment, the production investment of ion-exchange method was larger and running cost of th
e chemistry precipitation method was higher and purgation ratio was lower. The orgnics and inorganics pollution were decomposed through electrochemistry reaction with the iron chipping microelectrolysis treatment these wastewater hi the article. As the same time, other treatment method are combined, thereby make pollution were purged. Now brewind and electrolytic mangan wastewater are running in the plate production. The results shown that the method treatment effect was higher, the purgation ratio of CODcr was about 98%. As the waste iron chipping of the machining was used as the material which has character of the "using waste treat waste" , is a kind of the treatment technology of the easy management, using range wide purgation ratio
high and treatment cost low, so there is more high than in application worth.
引文
[1]赵宜江，徐南平．氢氧化镁吸附—陶瓷膜微滤对印染废水脱色的研究．膜科学与技术，2000，20(1)；
[2]李国林，敖国庆．炉渣吸附法处理印染废水实用技术．节能技术，1997，(2)；
[3]董仁卯，梁瀛洲．双氰胺系列絮凝剂在废水处理中的应用．北京轻工业学院学报，1996，14(2)；
[4]杨晶，施利毅．活性艳红X—3B氧化脱色的研究．上海大学学报，1998，4(5)
[5]叶丽杰．水解—合建式氧化沟工艺在印染废水处理中的应用．殷都学刊，1997，(4)；
[6]孙天华，林少宁，余智梅，等．生物铁法处理高浓度难降解印染废水的研究．中国环境科学，1991，11(2)：138-142
[7]王福源．工业有机废水的电解处理．化工环保，1992，12(3)：146-149
[8]郝瑞霞，程水源，黄群贤．铁屑过滤法预处理可生化性差的印染废水．化工环保，1999，19(3)：135-137
[9]韩洪军，刘彦忠，杜兵．铁屑—炭粒法处理纺织印染废水．工业水处理，1997，17(6)：15-17
[10]祁梦兰，张晶，刘华成．铁屑电化学反应—絮凝沉淀—砂滤组合工艺处理经编印染废水．化工环保，1994，14(1)：20-22
[11]杨玉杰，孙剑辉，铁屑法处理活性艳红废水动力学模型．化工环保，1996，16(3)：137-139
[12]杨凤林．铁屑在处理工业废水中的应用．工业水处理，1989，9(6)：7-10
[13]杨凤林．利用铁炭粒料脱除染料废水中的色度．环境工程，1992，10(6)：1-5
[14]杨凤林，高桂英，等．铁屑过滤法处理染料废水的研究．化工环保，1988,8(6)：330-332
[15]李凤仙，李善详．腐蚀电池法处理印染废水．化工环保，1995，15(3)：15-17
[16]赵永才，孙又山，王玉树．微电解法脱除水溶性染料废水色度的研究．环境污染与防治，1994,16(1)：18-21
[17]肖羽堂，王继徽．二硝基氯苯废水预处理技术研究．化工环保，1997，17(5)：264-267
[18]尚国囤平，袁月梅，龚广参，等．改进的电解—气浮法处理印染废水．化工环保，1993，13(5)：285-287
[19]詹伯君，潘杰宁．蒽醌染料废水处理技术．化工环保，1999，19(6)：346-348
[20]张建英．几种无机混凝剂对酸性红染料的脱色研究．环境污染与防治，1997，19(6)：6-9
[21]祁梦兰．铁屑微电解法处理经编厂染色废水．环境保护，1993，(1)：7-14
[22]An Investgation of Techniques for Removal of Chromium for Electroplating Wastes,U.S.EPA Publication 12010 EIE,13/71(1971)
[23]Cruver,I.Water Sewage Works,74-77(October)
[24]赵雅芝，薛大明．用混凝法案去除电镀废水中的重金属的研究。工业水出离，1993，13(5)：20-23
[25]吴金义．铁炭还原法处理乡镇企业电镀综合废水．环境污染与防治，1989，11(1)：32-35
[26]汤心虎，甘复兴，乔淑玉．铁屑腐蚀电池在工业废水治理中的应用．工业水处理，1998，18(6)：4-8
[27]徐孝元．中南工业大学硕士学位论文．1988
[28]陆英英，林强，王科军．含砷废水处理的研究动态．工业水处理，1992,12(3)：7-9
[29]傅贤书．环境化学，1988，7(1)：50-56
[30]Dergacheva N.P.,Vasilev V.S.,et al. Arsenic removal from technological solutions with high concentration of volatile acids. Kompleksn, Ispol'z. Miner. Syr'ya. 1988,(2):40-43
[31]SU1502476:Nazarova G.N.,et al, Treatment of mineralized solutions containing arsenic. U.S.S.R. 23 Aug 1989(31)
[32]SU1551659:Tskhakaya N.Sh.,Sikharulidze N.G.,et al. Removing arsenic compounds from wastewater by adsorption on natural zeolite. U.S.S.R. 1990,(11):90
[33]JP127094:Maeda shigem,Sudo kaoru., Removal of arsenic from wastewater. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. 1989,(10)
[34]Yadava K.P.,Tyagi B.S.,Environmental Technology letter. 1988,9(11): 1233-1234
[35]Sreten P.,Mitrovic Milan M.,et al. Characterization of composite adsorption ion-exchange filters in water purification. Neucno-The'.Pregl.1988,38(5):16-19
[36]Dobrevski I.,Nenov V. et al., Ion-exchange resins of increased selectivity towards arsenic. Environmental prot.(english), 1986,12(3):79-87
[37]郭万精．中国环境科学，1983，3(6)：43-47
[38]唐人勋，铁屑还原—鼓风氧化—石灰凝沉法脱除硫酸生产废水中的砷．化工环保，1995，15(5)
[39]彭根怀，吴上达．电石渣—铁屑法去除硫酸废水中的氟和砷．化工环保．1995，15(5)
[40]韦朝海，肖锦．含氰废水处理方法的发展及评述．工业水处理，1991，11(2)：3-8
[41]郝永红．含镍氰复杂废水处理的实验室研究．内蒙古环境保护，1999，11(1)
[42]戴星，徐英年．泡沫浮选法处理蛤氰废水．高等学校化学工程学报，1990，(4)
[43]田冰式，张嗣炯．催化氧化法处理铜氰废水．环境污染与防治，1989，11(3)
[44]刘民，高靖春．催化氧化法处理氰化废水．中国矿业．1997，6(5)
[45]陆雍森．多硫化钙处理含氰废水．环境污染与防治，1985，7(5)：12-14
[46]Easton J.K., Water Pollution Control Federation.1967, 39(10):1621
[47]郑均华．生物接触氧化法在炼油污水处理中的应用．工业水处理，1998，18(5)：42-47
[48]Jones D.M.,et al.,The recongnition of biodegraed petroleum derived aromatic hydrocarbons in recent marine sediments. Msr. Pollut.bull. 1983,(14):103-108
[49]Atlas R.M., Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons:an environmental perspective. Microbial Reviews. 1981,(45):180-189
[50]Bossert I. Et al., Effect of concertation of organic chemicals on their biodegradation by natural microbial communities. Application Environmental Microbial. 1979,(3): 1211-1216
[51]Andrew R.Autry, et al., Bioremediation:An effective remedial alternative for petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Environmental progress. 1992,11(4):318-323
[52]Cooney J.J. et al., Factors influencing hydrocarbon degradation in three freshwater lakes. Microbial Ecology. 1985,(11):127-137
AtX
[53]Walker J.D. et al., Microbial utilization of crude oil. Application Microbial. 1972,(2): 1082-1089
[54]Dibble J.T., et al., Effect of environmental parameyers on the biolegradation of oil sludge. Application Environmental Microbial. 1979,(3):729-739
[55]Joseph G.L. et al., Microbial degradation of hydrocarbon in the environment. Microbial Reviews. 1990,54(3):305-315
[56]Robert L.R., Influence of salinity on bioremediation of oil in soil. Environmental pollution. 1995,90(1):127-130
[57]Shiaris Michael P.seasonal biotransformation of naphthalene, phenanthrene and benzopyrene in surficial estuarine sediments. Application Environmental Microbial. 1989,(55): 1391-1399
[58]郭炳仁，王公举．铁屑腐蚀电池处理石油化工废水研究．石油化工环境保护，1995，(1)：16-17
[59]张伟，孙金蓉，赵立新，等．废铁屑—H202法处理炼油厂含酚废水．化工环保，1997，17(6)：342-344
[60]穆传奇．聚铁—铁屑法处理印刷电路板废水．工业水处理，1992，12(5)：37-38
[61]穆传奇．印刷电路板废水治理经验介绍．给水排水，1995，21(12)
[62]潘涌璋．铁屑内电解法处理印刷电路板厂废水的试验．上海环境科学，1996，15(6)
[63]肖德润．1994年酿酒工业发展概况．食品与机械，1995，(2)：18-20
[64]唐云梯，等．实用环境保护数据大全(第二分册)．湖北．湖北人民出版社，1993：121
[65]轻工部环境保护科学研究所．轻工部环境质量概况．北京．中国环境科学出版社．1992：55-66
[66]马可民，曲颂华．厌氧—好氧工艺在长城葡萄酒厂废水处理中的应用．环境保护，1999，(1)：13-14
[67]彭迪水．酒厂废水处理设计和运行．工业水处理，1993，13(2)：41-42
[68]叶宏，孙倩云．酿造废水处理的优化工艺组合．四川环境，1997，16(1)
[69]杜兵，杨瑞宗．UASB处理酒精废水生产运行研究．中国沼气，1999，17(2)
[70]栾金义，范燕英．射流自吸式生物曝气塔处理废水的研究．化工环保，1998，18(5)
[71]张永明，魏洽．固定化细胞流化床生物反应器处理啤酒废水及其稳定性的研究．南昌航空工业学院学报．1999，13(3)
[72]曹翠荣．接触氧化—气浮法案处理啤酒废水．中国给水排水，1993，9(6)
[73]刘永松．SBR法处理啤酒生产废水．上海环境科学，1991，10(8)
[74]陶有胜．水解酸化—生物接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水工程实例．环境工程，1988，16(4)
[75]张铸勇主编，精细有机合成单元反应．华东化工学院出版社，1990：200
[76]城乡建设环境保护部环境保护局编写组．环境监测分析方法．中国环境科学出版社．1986：150
[77]环境保护国家标准汇编(1989-1994)．中国标准出版社．1995：316
[78]攀枝花资源综合利用科研报告汇编(第三卷上册)：4-152；下册：52-339
[79]Proceeding of International Symposium on Exploitation of Vanadium Bearing Titano-magnetite, Panzhihua, China,1989:93-113
[80]魏寿昆．冶金过程热力学．上海科学出版社，1980：85
[81]王长林译．矾渣的氧化．冶金工业出版社．1982：8
[82]Gupta C.K.and Krishnamurthy N., Extractive Metallurgy of Vanadium. Elsevier.1992
[83]蔡晋强，等．矾钛．1993，(5)：31
[84]赵奉生主编．有色金属提取冶金手册．冶金工业出版社．1991：277-361
[85]戴祥生．从含矾污泥渣中提取V_2O_5．环境保护，1993，(6)：40-41
[86]蒋馥华，张萍，申照全．从含矾废水中回收V_2O_5．环境保护，1994,(1)：36-38
[87]张子农．低浓度SO_2处理沉矾废水及含铬废水治理方法．环境科学动态，1989，(9)
[88]车荣睿．离子交换法在治理含矾废水中的应用．水处理技术，1991，17(5)
[89]姚俊，田宗平，姚祖凤，等．电解金属锰废水处理的研究．中国锰业，2000，18(3)：25-27
[90]姚俊，田宗平，吴学文，等．电解锰废水及水底沉积物中重金属元素对流域污染的研究．吉首大学学报，1999，20(3)：30
[2]李国林，敖国庆．炉渣吸附法处理印染废水实用技术．节能技术，1997，(2)；
[3]董仁卯，梁瀛洲．双氰胺系列絮凝剂在废水处理中的应用．北京轻工业学院学报，1996，14(2)；
[4]杨晶，施利毅．活性艳红X—3B氧化脱色的研究．上海大学学报，1998，4(5)
[5]叶丽杰．水解—合建式氧化沟工艺在印染废水处理中的应用．殷都学刊，1997，(4)；
[6]孙天华，林少宁，余智梅，等．生物铁法处理高浓度难降解印染废水的研究．中国环境科学，1991，11(2)：138-142
[7]王福源．工业有机废水的电解处理．化工环保，1992，12(3)：146-149
[8]郝瑞霞，程水源，黄群贤．铁屑过滤法预处理可生化性差的印染废水．化工环保，1999，19(3)：135-137
[9]韩洪军，刘彦忠，杜兵．铁屑—炭粒法处理纺织印染废水．工业水处理，1997，17(6)：15-17
[10]祁梦兰，张晶，刘华成．铁屑电化学反应—絮凝沉淀—砂滤组合工艺处理经编印染废水．化工环保，1994，14(1)：20-22
[11]杨玉杰，孙剑辉，铁屑法处理活性艳红废水动力学模型．化工环保，1996，16(3)：137-139
[12]杨凤林．铁屑在处理工业废水中的应用．工业水处理，1989，9(6)：7-10
[13]杨凤林．利用铁炭粒料脱除染料废水中的色度．环境工程，1992，10(6)：1-5
[14]杨凤林，高桂英，等．铁屑过滤法处理染料废水的研究．化工环保，1988,8(6)：330-332
[15]李凤仙，李善详．腐蚀电池法处理印染废水．化工环保，1995，15(3)：15-17
[16]赵永才，孙又山，王玉树．微电解法脱除水溶性染料废水色度的研究．环境污染与防治，1994,16(1)：18-21
[17]肖羽堂，王继徽．二硝基氯苯废水预处理技术研究．化工环保，1997，17(5)：264-267
[18]尚国囤平，袁月梅，龚广参，等．改进的电解—气浮法处理印染废水．化工环保，1993，13(5)：285-287
[19]詹伯君，潘杰宁．蒽醌染料废水处理技术．化工环保，1999，19(6)：346-348
[20]张建英．几种无机混凝剂对酸性红染料的脱色研究．环境污染与防治，1997，19(6)：6-9
[21]祁梦兰．铁屑微电解法处理经编厂染色废水．环境保护，1993，(1)：7-14
[22]An Investgation of Techniques for Removal of Chromium for Electroplating Wastes,U.S.EPA Publication 12010 EIE,13/71(1971)
[23]Cruver,I.Water Sewage Works,74-77(October)
[24]赵雅芝，薛大明．用混凝法案去除电镀废水中的重金属的研究。工业水出离，1993，13(5)：20-23
[25]吴金义．铁炭还原法处理乡镇企业电镀综合废水．环境污染与防治，1989，11(1)：32-35
[26]汤心虎，甘复兴，乔淑玉．铁屑腐蚀电池在工业废水治理中的应用．工业水处理，1998，18(6)：4-8
[27]徐孝元．中南工业大学硕士学位论文．1988
[28]陆英英，林强，王科军．含砷废水处理的研究动态．工业水处理，1992,12(3)：7-9
[29]傅贤书．环境化学，1988，7(1)：50-56
[30]Dergacheva N.P.,Vasilev V.S.,et al. Arsenic removal from technological solutions with high concentration of volatile acids. Kompleksn, Ispol'z. Miner. Syr'ya. 1988,(2):40-43
[31]SU1502476:Nazarova G.N.,et al, Treatment of mineralized solutions containing arsenic. U.S.S.R. 23 Aug 1989(31)
[32]SU1551659:Tskhakaya N.Sh.,Sikharulidze N.G.,et al. Removing arsenic compounds from wastewater by adsorption on natural zeolite. U.S.S.R. 1990,(11):90
[33]JP127094:Maeda shigem,Sudo kaoru., Removal of arsenic from wastewater. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. 1989,(10)
[34]Yadava K.P.,Tyagi B.S.,Environmental Technology letter. 1988,9(11): 1233-1234
[35]Sreten P.,Mitrovic Milan M.,et al. Characterization of composite adsorption ion-exchange filters in water purification. Neucno-The'.Pregl.1988,38(5):16-19
[36]Dobrevski I.,Nenov V. et al., Ion-exchange resins of increased selectivity towards arsenic. Environmental prot.(english), 1986,12(3):79-87
[37]郭万精．中国环境科学，1983，3(6)：43-47
[38]唐人勋，铁屑还原—鼓风氧化—石灰凝沉法脱除硫酸生产废水中的砷．化工环保，1995，15(5)
[39]彭根怀，吴上达．电石渣—铁屑法去除硫酸废水中的氟和砷．化工环保．1995，15(5)
[40]韦朝海，肖锦．含氰废水处理方法的发展及评述．工业水处理，1991，11(2)：3-8
[41]郝永红．含镍氰复杂废水处理的实验室研究．内蒙古环境保护，1999，11(1)
[42]戴星，徐英年．泡沫浮选法处理蛤氰废水．高等学校化学工程学报，1990，(4)
[43]田冰式，张嗣炯．催化氧化法处理铜氰废水．环境污染与防治，1989，11(3)
[44]刘民，高靖春．催化氧化法处理氰化废水．中国矿业．1997，6(5)
[45]陆雍森．多硫化钙处理含氰废水．环境污染与防治，1985，7(5)：12-14
[46]Easton J.K., Water Pollution Control Federation.1967, 39(10):1621
[47]郑均华．生物接触氧化法在炼油污水处理中的应用．工业水处理，1998，18(5)：42-47
[48]Jones D.M.,et al.,The recongnition of biodegraed petroleum derived aromatic hydrocarbons in recent marine sediments. Msr. Pollut.bull. 1983,(14):103-108
[49]Atlas R.M., Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons:an environmental perspective. Microbial Reviews. 1981,(45):180-189
[50]Bossert I. Et al., Effect of concertation of organic chemicals on their biodegradation by natural microbial communities. Application Environmental Microbial. 1979,(3): 1211-1216
[51]Andrew R.Autry, et al., Bioremediation:An effective remedial alternative for petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Environmental progress. 1992,11(4):318-323
[52]Cooney J.J. et al., Factors influencing hydrocarbon degradation in three freshwater lakes. Microbial Ecology. 1985,(11):127-137
AtX
[53]Walker J.D. et al., Microbial utilization of crude oil. Application Microbial. 1972,(2): 1082-1089
[54]Dibble J.T., et al., Effect of environmental parameyers on the biolegradation of oil sludge. Application Environmental Microbial. 1979,(3):729-739
[55]Joseph G.L. et al., Microbial degradation of hydrocarbon in the environment. Microbial Reviews. 1990,54(3):305-315
[56]Robert L.R., Influence of salinity on bioremediation of oil in soil. Environmental pollution. 1995,90(1):127-130
[57]Shiaris Michael P.seasonal biotransformation of naphthalene, phenanthrene and benzopyrene in surficial estuarine sediments. Application Environmental Microbial. 1989,(55): 1391-1399
[58]郭炳仁，王公举．铁屑腐蚀电池处理石油化工废水研究．石油化工环境保护，1995，(1)：16-17
[59]张伟，孙金蓉，赵立新，等．废铁屑—H202法处理炼油厂含酚废水．化工环保，1997，17(6)：342-344
[60]穆传奇．聚铁—铁屑法处理印刷电路板废水．工业水处理，1992，12(5)：37-38
[61]穆传奇．印刷电路板废水治理经验介绍．给水排水，1995，21(12)
[62]潘涌璋．铁屑内电解法处理印刷电路板厂废水的试验．上海环境科学，1996，15(6)
[63]肖德润．1994年酿酒工业发展概况．食品与机械，1995，(2)：18-20
[64]唐云梯，等．实用环境保护数据大全(第二分册)．湖北．湖北人民出版社，1993：121
[65]轻工部环境保护科学研究所．轻工部环境质量概况．北京．中国环境科学出版社．1992：55-66
[66]马可民，曲颂华．厌氧—好氧工艺在长城葡萄酒厂废水处理中的应用．环境保护，1999，(1)：13-14
[67]彭迪水．酒厂废水处理设计和运行．工业水处理，1993，13(2)：41-42
[68]叶宏，孙倩云．酿造废水处理的优化工艺组合．四川环境，1997，16(1)
[69]杜兵，杨瑞宗．UASB处理酒精废水生产运行研究．中国沼气，1999，17(2)
[70]栾金义，范燕英．射流自吸式生物曝气塔处理废水的研究．化工环保，1998，18(5)
[71]张永明，魏洽．固定化细胞流化床生物反应器处理啤酒废水及其稳定性的研究．南昌航空工业学院学报．1999，13(3)
[72]曹翠荣．接触氧化—气浮法案处理啤酒废水．中国给水排水，1993，9(6)
[73]刘永松．SBR法处理啤酒生产废水．上海环境科学，1991，10(8)
[74]陶有胜．水解酸化—生物接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水工程实例．环境工程，1988，16(4)
[75]张铸勇主编，精细有机合成单元反应．华东化工学院出版社，1990：200
[76]城乡建设环境保护部环境保护局编写组．环境监测分析方法．中国环境科学出版社．1986：150
[77]环境保护国家标准汇编(1989-1994)．中国标准出版社．1995：316
[78]攀枝花资源综合利用科研报告汇编(第三卷上册)：4-152；下册：52-339
[79]Proceeding of International Symposium on Exploitation of Vanadium Bearing Titano-magnetite, Panzhihua, China,1989:93-113
[80]魏寿昆．冶金过程热力学．上海科学出版社，1980：85
[81]王长林译．矾渣的氧化．冶金工业出版社．1982：8
[82]Gupta C.K.and Krishnamurthy N., Extractive Metallurgy of Vanadium. Elsevier.1992
[83]蔡晋强，等．矾钛．1993，(5)：31
[84]赵奉生主编．有色金属提取冶金手册．冶金工业出版社．1991：277-361
[85]戴祥生．从含矾污泥渣中提取V_2O_5．环境保护，1993，(6)：40-41
[86]蒋馥华，张萍，申照全．从含矾废水中回收V_2O_5．环境保护，1994,(1)：36-38
[87]张子农．低浓度SO_2处理沉矾废水及含铬废水治理方法．环境科学动态，1989，(9)
[88]车荣睿．离子交换法在治理含矾废水中的应用．水处理技术，1991，17(5)
[89]姚俊，田宗平，姚祖凤，等．电解金属锰废水处理的研究．中国锰业，2000，18(3)：25-27
[90]姚俊，田宗平，吴学文，等．电解锰废水及水底沉积物中重金属元素对流域污染的研究．吉首大学学报，1999，20(3)：30