大功率货运机车牵引电机轴小齿轮支承方式的研究
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摘要
驱动系统是机车转向架重要组成部分之一,也是转向架开发的技术难点。随着国内铁路运输向高速、重载方向发展,对货运机车单轴功率提出了更高的要求,目前已经从1200kw提高到1600kw。原来传统的驱动电机小齿轮悬臂支承结构是否适合大功率、大扭矩的传递,齿轮在传递扭矩的过程中的变形对齿轮啮合的影响有多大;是否影响扭矩的可靠、安全传递;对轴承寿命的影响有多大。这些问题都有待于进一步的研究和分析。
而电机端小齿轮支承方式的改变是解决这些问题的有效途径,也是当今世界在机车大功率驱动装置方面的先进技术。电机端小齿轮的支承方式直接决定着整个驱动系统的总体结构。按小齿轮的支承方式将驱动系统其分为三类:小齿轮悬臂支承结构、小齿轮外端支承结构和小齿轮两端支承结构。
本论文针对三种不同小齿轮支承方式,首先对齿轮啮合状态进行了深入研究和分析。小齿轮的支承方式不同,小齿轮的弯曲变形就不同,同时所受到的接触应力和弯曲应力也不同,齿轮的磨损和寿命同样会有很大的改变。通过对三种支承结构的计算以及对接触状态的分析表明:将悬臂支承改为外端支承和两端支承后,齿轮的受力明显的减小而且在齿面的受力分布也变得很均匀,这能有效的减小齿面的磨损和延长齿轮的工作寿命。其次论文对轴承寿命及选型进行了分析。由于齿轮支承方式改变,对轴承的要求也相应改变,对同样工况下的三种支承轴承的计算结果表明:齿轮的支承越对称,轴承受力越小,而且寿命越长;同时受力减小还能减小轴承的尺寸,提高轴承的极限转速。
当驱动系统的各个部件的结构、受力、寿命都改变的时候,整个驱动系统的传动可靠性也会相应的发生较大改变。通过对三种支承齿轮传动的可靠度的计算表明:当小齿轮改为两端支承后,传动可靠度有较大的提高,能够有效的减小齿轮的失效概率和延长驱动系统的寿命。
本论文通过对电机端小齿轮不同支承方式的研究,深入了解不同支承方式下齿轮啮合状态、轴承选型及寿命和齿轮传动可靠性方面的变化规律。比较其中的优缺点,将有助于消化吸收这项先进技术,并在国内大功率驱动系统的开发时提供借鉴,从而推动国内机车车辆行业的技术进步。
Driving system, one of important part in locomotive bogie, is the technical difficulty of bogie exploitation. As the domestic railway transportation tend to develop high speed and heavy haul, proposing higher requirement on single axis power of freight locomotive. Now the power has increased to 1600kw from 1200kw. Whether cantilever support structure, the traditional drive motor pinion support form, can suitable for the transfer of high power and high torque, how much the deformation of pinion effect gear meshing during the torque transformation; whether it effect the reliability and safe transformation of torque; how much effect it bring to the lifetime of bearing. These problems are waiting for further research and analysis.
Changing the support form of motor pinion is a effective method to resolve those problems, also is the advantage technique in driving system of high power locomotive. Support forms of drive pinion decide the whole structure of driving system directly. According to the support forms of pinion, classified driving system into three kinds: cantilever support structure of pinion, outer end support structure of pinion and two ends support structure of pinion.
In consideration of three different support forms of pinion, first, this paper studied and analyzed the gear meshing status. The difference of support forms of pinion lead to difference in Bending Deformation of pinions, difference in contact stress and bending stress of pinions, great change in wear and lifetime of pinions. The result of calculated three support form structures and analyzed contact statuses show that the force of pinion decreased obviously and force distribution in tooth surface become uniform while change the support form to outer end support and two ends support from cantilever support, this can decrease wear and prolong the lifetime of gear effectively. Second, this paper analyzed the selection and lifetime of bearing. As the change of support form of pinion, the requirement of bearing change, the result of calculated bearing in three different support forms under same condition show that the support of pinion more symmetric, the force of bearing get smaller, lifetime get longer; at the same time, bearing size can be decrease and bearing's speed limit can ba increase through the decreasing of bearing's force.
While the structure, force and lifetime of parts of driving system changing, the transfer reliability of whole driving system will happen a great change accordingly. The result of calculated transfer reliability of pinions under three support forms show that the transfer reliability have a great improve while change the pinion into two ends support form, this improvement can decrease the failure probability and prolong the lifetime of driving system effectively.
This paper studied the different support forms of motor pinion, understood the Variation of gear meshing status, bearing' choose and lifetime and reliability of gear transfer. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages, that will help us to digest and absorb the advantage technique, provide reference while developing domestic high power driving system and promote the technical improvement in domestic rolling stock industry.
而电机端小齿轮支承方式的改变是解决这些问题的有效途径,也是当今世界在机车大功率驱动装置方面的先进技术。电机端小齿轮的支承方式直接决定着整个驱动系统的总体结构。按小齿轮的支承方式将驱动系统其分为三类:小齿轮悬臂支承结构、小齿轮外端支承结构和小齿轮两端支承结构。
本论文针对三种不同小齿轮支承方式,首先对齿轮啮合状态进行了深入研究和分析。小齿轮的支承方式不同,小齿轮的弯曲变形就不同,同时所受到的接触应力和弯曲应力也不同,齿轮的磨损和寿命同样会有很大的改变。通过对三种支承结构的计算以及对接触状态的分析表明:将悬臂支承改为外端支承和两端支承后,齿轮的受力明显的减小而且在齿面的受力分布也变得很均匀,这能有效的减小齿面的磨损和延长齿轮的工作寿命。其次论文对轴承寿命及选型进行了分析。由于齿轮支承方式改变,对轴承的要求也相应改变,对同样工况下的三种支承轴承的计算结果表明:齿轮的支承越对称,轴承受力越小,而且寿命越长;同时受力减小还能减小轴承的尺寸,提高轴承的极限转速。
当驱动系统的各个部件的结构、受力、寿命都改变的时候,整个驱动系统的传动可靠性也会相应的发生较大改变。通过对三种支承齿轮传动的可靠度的计算表明:当小齿轮改为两端支承后,传动可靠度有较大的提高,能够有效的减小齿轮的失效概率和延长驱动系统的寿命。
本论文通过对电机端小齿轮不同支承方式的研究,深入了解不同支承方式下齿轮啮合状态、轴承选型及寿命和齿轮传动可靠性方面的变化规律。比较其中的优缺点,将有助于消化吸收这项先进技术,并在国内大功率驱动系统的开发时提供借鉴,从而推动国内机车车辆行业的技术进步。
Driving system, one of important part in locomotive bogie, is the technical difficulty of bogie exploitation. As the domestic railway transportation tend to develop high speed and heavy haul, proposing higher requirement on single axis power of freight locomotive. Now the power has increased to 1600kw from 1200kw. Whether cantilever support structure, the traditional drive motor pinion support form, can suitable for the transfer of high power and high torque, how much the deformation of pinion effect gear meshing during the torque transformation; whether it effect the reliability and safe transformation of torque; how much effect it bring to the lifetime of bearing. These problems are waiting for further research and analysis.
Changing the support form of motor pinion is a effective method to resolve those problems, also is the advantage technique in driving system of high power locomotive. Support forms of drive pinion decide the whole structure of driving system directly. According to the support forms of pinion, classified driving system into three kinds: cantilever support structure of pinion, outer end support structure of pinion and two ends support structure of pinion.
In consideration of three different support forms of pinion, first, this paper studied and analyzed the gear meshing status. The difference of support forms of pinion lead to difference in Bending Deformation of pinions, difference in contact stress and bending stress of pinions, great change in wear and lifetime of pinions. The result of calculated three support form structures and analyzed contact statuses show that the force of pinion decreased obviously and force distribution in tooth surface become uniform while change the support form to outer end support and two ends support from cantilever support, this can decrease wear and prolong the lifetime of gear effectively. Second, this paper analyzed the selection and lifetime of bearing. As the change of support form of pinion, the requirement of bearing change, the result of calculated bearing in three different support forms under same condition show that the support of pinion more symmetric, the force of bearing get smaller, lifetime get longer; at the same time, bearing size can be decrease and bearing's speed limit can ba increase through the decreasing of bearing's force.
While the structure, force and lifetime of parts of driving system changing, the transfer reliability of whole driving system will happen a great change accordingly. The result of calculated transfer reliability of pinions under three support forms show that the transfer reliability have a great improve while change the pinion into two ends support form, this improvement can decrease the failure probability and prolong the lifetime of driving system effectively.
This paper studied the different support forms of motor pinion, understood the Variation of gear meshing status, bearing' choose and lifetime and reliability of gear transfer. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages, that will help us to digest and absorb the advantage technique, provide reference while developing domestic high power driving system and promote the technical improvement in domestic rolling stock industry.
引文
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[3]E.Middendorf(德).德国铁路公司新一代电力机车--目的、设计、部件试验及方案[J].电力牵引快报,1997,(3)
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[6]H.Hartmann等(德).德国铁路BR145通用机车[J].电力牵引快报,1998,(3)
[7]王三民,诸文俊主编.机械原理与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.12
[8]周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波编著.ANSYS 11.0基础与典型范例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.10
[9]张波,盛和太编著.ANSYS有限元数值分析原理与工程应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.9
[10]张毅.齿轮齿面摩擦力对齿根弯曲应力的影响[J].机械管理开发,2007,(1)
[11]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册.滚动轴承[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.3
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[13]邱宣怀主编.机械设计(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997
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[20]R.Muller(德).德国铁路货运公司的BR185型双频电力机车[J].变流技术与电力牵引,2000,(1)
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